三维编织复合材料剪切性能分析

根据三维四向编织复合材料的结构特点，提出了刚度合成法预测编织复合材料剪切弹性模量，比较了整体编织试件和裁剪所得试件理论剪切性能差别，分析了三维编织T300／QY9512复合材料的剪切性能随试件沿宽度和厚度两个方向内部单胞数目的变化规律。结果表明，三维编织复合材料剪切弹性模量是与试件尺寸相关的，只有当试件尺寸较大、沿宽度和厚度两个方向内部单胞数目较多时，试件尺寸的影响可以忽略。当沿宽度方向单胞数目较大时，整体编织试件和裁剪所得试件的剪切模量相近。本文还得到了在复合材料板的纤维体积含量不变的情况下，剪切模量随编织角的变化规律。     

三维编织复合材料弯曲性能分析

根据三维四向编织复合材料的结构特点,提出了用刚度合成法来预测复合材料的弯曲模量,并对三维编织T300／QY9512复合材料的弯曲模量进行了预测,分析结果表明,由于试件的表面单胞和内部单胞的结构不同,得到试件的弯曲模量略高于拉伸模量,该结果与试验值相符,另外,当试件尺寸较大、内部单胞数较多时,可以不考虑表面单胞和内部单胞性能差异的影响,而认为三维编织复合材料的弯曲模量只与内部单胞的性能有关,这对工程分析和试件制作具有指导意义。     

三维编织复合材料渐进损伤的非线性数值分析

基于考虑纤维束相互挤压的八边形纤维束截面单胞模型，引入周期性位移边界条件，采用 细观非线性有限元方法，建立了三维四向编织复合材料的渐进损伤拉伸强度模型. 该模型考 虑了增强体纤维束纵向非线性剪切应力-应变关系，采用Hashin型损伤失效准则定义了纤维 束的典型损伤类型，并根据纤维束和纯基体相应损伤类型所造成的材料性能退化，模拟了不 同编织角试件各类损伤产生、扩展及材料最终破坏的整个过程. 模型数值结果与实验数据吻 合较好，证明了该模型的合理有效性. 探讨了组分材料剪切非线性、损伤对材料宏观非线性 本构行为的影响，结果表明：随着编织角增大，纤维束剪切非线性效应和累积损伤对材料非 线性力学行为的影响明显增强.     

编织复合材料弹性性能的细观力学模型

提出了编织复合材料弹性性能分析的细观力学模型，这个力学模型考虑了实际编织结构中的纬向和经向纤维束的曲屈，相邻纤维束之间的间隙和纤维束的横截面尺寸对编织复合材料弹性性能的影响，并探讨了在纤维束间纯树脂区内孔隙的含量和两种叠层结构对材料弹性性能的影响．理论计算结果与实测值的比较，表明所提出的细观力学模型是合理的．根据理论分析的结果，提出了优化单层和叠层编织结构的结构参数选择方法     

树脂基三维编织复合材料粘弹性性能的有限元分析

根据材料的细观结构,采用APDL语言分别建立了纤维束和三维编织复合材料两级单胞的参数化几何模型;推导了Prony级数表示的树脂粘弹性本构方程,对模型进行了组分材料参数设置;对纤维束单胞模型进行扫掠式网格划分,对三维编织复合材料单胞模型进行线-面-体式网格划分;对两级单胞模型均施加合理的边界条件,使单胞边界上的位移满足周期性和连续性。以有限元模型为基础,计算了三维编织复合材料的粘弹性能,并给出了材料粘弹性效应随工艺参数变化的规律。计算结果表明:三维编织复合材料编织方向的粘弹性效应随编织角的增大而增强,随纤维体积比的增大而减弱。该结果与已有实验结论一致。     

含孔边非均匀材料圆环的无限大薄板的应力集中系数

对于含圆孔及孔边非均匀材料圆环的无限大薄板，假设非均匀材料的弹性模量沿径向按照指数函数变化，而泊松比为常数，分别导出了双轴拉伸和纯剪切作用时孔边及界面处的应力集中系数的解析解．通过数值算例详细分析了非均匀材料圆环的弹性模量的变化对无限大薄板的孔边及界面处的应力集中系数的影响．研究结果表明，合理选择孔边非均匀材料圆环的材料性能变化参数可有效地缓解薄板的孔边应力集中程度．本文的研究结果可为含圆孔的薄板的设计提供一定的参考．     

用广义胞元法研究弱界面复合材料偏轴拉伸强度

本文用广义胞元法结合应力集中系数模型，从细观、宏观力学结合的角度，预测了弱界面复合材料偏轴拉伸强度值．用广义胞元法/高精度广义胞元法计算复合材料开裂前和开裂后的应力场，引入基体应力集中系数以得到基体真实应力．在计算真实应力时根据宏观试验现象考量是否对界面开裂后的复合材料进行刚度衰减，最终形成4种方案计算出复合材料的偏轴拉伸强度．通过对比芳纶纤维和亚麻纤维两种弱界面复合材料的偏轴拉伸强度试验值，找到了最可靠的预报方案并具有良好的预报精度．     

孔口缝合补强对含孔复合材料层板应力集中影响的数值模拟

提出的一种缝合线计算模型,通过数值模拟计算与实验结果比较,得到缝合线计算模型中相关的弹性参数.对复合材料开口缝合补强结构进行有限元模拟计算,分析了孔边及邻近区域应变、应力的分布规律,得到不同缝合参数、孔边不同位置以及不同载荷条件下的应变、应力集中系数,并给出合理的孔口缝合参数设计方法及相关结论.研究结果表明:含孔拉伸试件在孔边θ=0°处,切向拉伸应力最大;在θ=90°处,切向压缩应力最大;在孔口0°和90°之间存在拉应力与压应力的转换点,缝合补强后,此转换点大约在θ=56°左右.     

各向异性编织CMC弯曲断裂失效模型

通过对缺口弯曲断裂试验的研究发现，编织CMC存在两种断裂失效模式：界面主导的和纤维束主导的失效模式．针对这两种模式建立了界面失效模型和纤维束断裂失效模型．界面失效模型用半经验方法处理弱界面和大编织角度的断裂强度问题；纤维束断裂失效模型采用解析方法处理较强界面和小角度的断裂强度问题，为含有缺口试件的弯曲强度预报打下了初步的理论基础．     

三维五向编织复合材料渐进损伤分析及强度预测

基于材料连续体细观结构单胞,提出了材料的三维渐进损伤分析模型,采用非线性有限元方法并结合均匀化平均思想,首次建立了三维五向编织复合材料的强度预测模型。经研究典型编织角材料在拉伸载荷作用下细观损伤的发生及演化过程,分析了材料的细观失效机理,获得了材料的宏观拉伸应力应变曲线和极限破坏强度,并详细探讨了主要工艺参数编织角对材料宏观力学性能的影响规律。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).