三维编织复合材料弯曲性能分析

根据三维四向编织复合材料的结构特点,提出了用刚度合成法来预测复合材料的弯曲模量,并对三维编织T300／QY9512复合材料的弯曲模量进行了预测,分析结果表明,由于试件的表面单胞和内部单胞的结构不同,得到试件的弯曲模量略高于拉伸模量,该结果与试验值相符,另外,当试件尺寸较大、内部单胞数较多时,可以不考虑表面单胞和内部单胞性能差异的影响,而认为三维编织复合材料的弯曲模量只与内部单胞的性能有关,这对工程分析和试件制作具有指导意义。     

三维四向编织复合材料的拉伸尺寸效应研究

通过对三维四向碳/环氧编织复合材料的拉伸实验,观测了不同几何尺寸的试件的破坏模式和断口形貌,得到了材料在拉伸载荷下不同的破坏机理以及材料的力学性能与试件几何尺寸的相关性,研究表明材料随着内部单胞数量的增加材料的弹性模量递减,而剪切模量和泊松比递增的变化规律,通过体积平均法从理论上预报了材料的弹性性能,预报结果与实验结果相符,实验和理论所获结论为进一步进行材料的刚度和强度预报以及强度准则的建立奠定了必要的实验和理论基础.     

三维编织复合材料圆柱壳的扭转后屈曲分析

随着三维编织复合材料应用的日益广泛,且由于三维编织复合材料的优异性能是与细观结构密切相关的,深入研究其细观结构显得尤为重要.本文通过研究三维圆型编织中所形成的空间纱线交织结构的特征,给出改进的三胞结构单胞模型,通过单胞的组装和变换,得到编织预制件的整体力学性能模型.基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论导得广义Krmn型大挠度方程,计及边界层效应,采用奇异摄动法,考虑非线性前屈曲、大挠度和初始几何缺陷的影响,给出三维四向编织复合材料圆柱壳在扭转载荷作用下的严格满足边界条件的大挠度渐近解,讨论了纤维体积含量、编织角和几何参数等因素对圆柱壳屈曲和后屈曲行为的影响.     

三维编织复合材料几何建模及数值分析

论文根据三维编织复合材料的结构特点,把整体结构分为内部单胞、表面单胞和角单胞三种类型的子单胞,考虑空间纤维束的相互扭结和挤压所造成的纤维束的弯曲和截面变形,针对每种类型的子单胞,建立了相应的几何分析模型.引入周期性位移边界条件,建立了材料的弹性性能预报模型,得到了三维编织复合材料的工程弹性常数.通过数值比较可以看出,论文所给出的数值计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,从而验证了本文模型的有效性.     

树脂基三维编织复合材料粘弹性性能的有限元分析

根据材料的细观结构,采用APDL语言分别建立了纤维束和三维编织复合材料两级单胞的参数化几何模型;推导了Prony级数表示的树脂粘弹性本构方程,对模型进行了组分材料参数设置;对纤维束单胞模型进行扫掠式网格划分,对三维编织复合材料单胞模型进行线-面-体式网格划分;对两级单胞模型均施加合理的边界条件,使单胞边界上的位移满足周期性和连续性。以有限元模型为基础,计算了三维编织复合材料的粘弹性能,并给出了材料粘弹性效应随工艺参数变化的规律。计算结果表明:三维编织复合材料编织方向的粘弹性效应随编织角的增大而增强,随纤维体积比的增大而减弱。该结果与已有实验结论一致。     

三维机织复合材料细观几何建模研究

论文提出一种简化的纱线变形方法建立三维机织复合材料细观几何模型，考虑了纱线截面形状、纱线截面扭转、纱线弯曲系数等模型参数，建立了模型参数可灵活调整的建模方法.采用该方法分析了纱线的层数、模型尺寸、纱线的弯曲系数对材料性能的影响.结果表明，当纱线层数较小时，表层的边界效应对材料性能影响较大，厚度方向不建议采用周期性边界条件；在自由边界条件下，模型长度约为2倍单胞、宽度约为1.5倍单胞尺寸时，可以实现刚度测试误差范围控制在2%以内.此外，纱线弯曲系数对复合材料单胞刚度计算结果有较大影响，适当的纱线弯曲系数能够使刚度计算误差控制在7%以内.     

采用数字图像体相关方法的核级石墨断裂特性研究

为研究核工程备选石墨(SNG742细粒石墨)的断裂性能，探明材料的三维断裂力学特性，对压缩双裂纹圆孔板(DCDC)试件进行压缩试验，使用X射线计算机断层扫描(XCT)技术对试件内部进行测量。采用数字图像体相关(DVC)方法对XCT扫描图像进行分析，获得了DCDC试件的三维位移场和应变场。通过对比DVC和有限元模型的x方向应变场，反演了试件的弹性模量。结果表明，当弹性模量取10.6 GPa时，有限元模拟结果与试验结果最接近，二者的最小应变误差约为0.09×10^-3。此外，利用XCT图像中裂缝与周围区域灰度差异明显的特点，定量分析了尺度上与主裂缝宽度接近的内部缺陷，整体上受拉区域的缺陷密度高于受压区域的，其平均值大约是受压区域的2.7倍。从试件的位移场得到裂缝的三维特征，分析表明：局部裂缝长度沿试件厚度方向呈现内部高、表面低的分布规律，裂缝张开位移与局部裂缝长度成正比，裂尖张开角基本保持不变，约为1.5°。最后，分析了裂缝前缘处应变，发现应变不随局部裂缝长度的变化而改变，其值始终保持在5.8×10^-3上下。本研究方法可为通过小尺寸试件获得材料的断...     

树枝状界面相开裂对纤维强度的影响

碳纤维增强铝的复合材料在制造过程中，由于发生化学反应而在界面上形成新相。该相并非均匀附着在纤维表面，而是以纤维为主杆形成树枝状。本文利用剪切滞后理论，同时考虑到界面相亦有承受轴向外载的能力，分析了界面相开裂对纤维强度的影响。结果表明界面相与纤维间界面强度以及该界面脱粘后的摩擦应力的增加都能使纤维在给定外载下破坏的概率减小；另外界面相的厚度、沿纤维方向的弹性模量、剪切模量的增加却使上述概率增加。     

反平面剪切下电磁弹性纤维增强复合材料界面相效应研究

研究具有界面相电磁弹性纤维增强复合材料的反平面剪切问题,利用复变函数方法,获得了无穷域中带界面相纤维问题在远场力、电、磁多场作用下的闭合解,得到了复合材料内部各区域电磁弹性物理量的精确表达式.利用所得结果,考虑纤维和基体间的界面相效应,研究了界面相厚度及弹性模量对复合材料内部应力场、电场强度和磁场强度的影响,数值结果给出了复合材料电磁弹性物理量随界面相参数变化的规律,为该类复合材料的设计与计算提供了有价值的参考.     

平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料面内剪切细观损伤行为研究

采用约西佩斯库(Iosipescu)纯剪切试件,研究了平纹编织SiC/SiC和C/SiC复合材料的面内剪切应力-应变行为和细观损伤特性.通过试验获得了材料不同方向上的单调和迟滞应力-应变行为,对比分析了两种材料的剪切损伤特性,结果表明材料的剪切损伤演化规律受热残余应力水平影响严重.由试件断口电镜扫描结果发现剪切加载状态下桥连纤维承受显著的弯曲载荷和变形,据此提出了纤维弯曲承载机制,并结合裂纹闭合效应分阶段阐释了材料的剪切迟滞环形状.基于材料的剪切细观损伤机制,通过两个损伤变量表征了材料的剪切损伤演化进程,得到了材料的面内剪切细观损伤演化模型.对比发现2D-C/SiC复合材料45°方向基体裂纹的起裂应力明显小于2D-SiC/SiC复合材料,而两者0°/90°方向裂纹的起裂应力基本相同.      

Macroscopic elastic properties of regular lattices

In this paper we study analytically the elastic properties of the 2-D and 3-D regular lattices consisting of bonded particles. The particle-scale stiffnesses are derived from the given macroscopic elastic constants (i.e. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio). Firstly a bonded lattice model is presented. This model permits six kinds of relative motion and corresponding forces between each bonded particle pair. By comparing the strain energy distributions between the discrete lattices and the continuum, the explicit relationship between the microscopic and macroscopic elastic parameters can be obtained for the 2-D hexagonal lattice and the 3-D hexagonal close-packed and face-centered cubic structures. The results suggest that the normal stiffness is determined by Young's modulus and the particle size (in 3-D), and that the ratio of the shear to normal stiffness is related to Poisson's ratio. Rotational stiffness depends on the normal stiffness, shear stiffness and particle sizes. Numerical tests are carried out to validate the analytical results. The results in this paper have theoretical implications for the calibration of the spring stiffnesses in the Discrete Element Method.     

基于图像分析法的水稻茎秆力学性能测量与分析

水稻茎秆力学性能的准确描述是水稻抗倒伏力学分析的关键。由于茎秆是由生物活性材料组成的形状不规则柔性结构,传统的测试方法难以对其力学性能进行准确测量。以南方水稻为研究对象,采用拉伸试验机对水稻茎秆进行了拉伸试验。首先采用传统的应变片方法测量应变,继而探索采用图像分析法实现非接触、高精度地测量水稻茎秆的截面尺寸、拉伸变形。用数字摄像机记录不同荷载水平下试件表面的数字图像,采用数字图像相关分析法(DIC)进行分析,通过两种方法计算茎秆的轴向应变;将完成拉伸实验的试件切片,采集其横截面的数字图像,通过数字图像分析技术得到其几何特性,并对大量实验数据进行了统计分析,实现了对水稻茎秆弹性模量、抗弯刚度等的合理描述。实验结果表明,采用传统的应变片测量求得的水稻茎秆的弹性模量的离散性极大,超出样本差异性的范围,而采用数字图像分析方法得到的弹性模量、抗弯刚度的结果有一定的离散性,但分布比较合理,比较准确地反映了水稻茎秆相关的力学性能。     

DETERMINATION OF INTERNAL STRAIN IN 3-D BRAIDED COMPOSITES USING OPTIC FIBER STRAIN SENSORS

A reliable understanding of the properties of 3-D braided composites is of primary importance for proper utilization of these materials. A new method is introduced to study the mechanical performance of braided composite materials using embedded optic fiber sensors. Experimental research is performed to devise a method of incorporating optic fibers into a 3-D braided composite structure. The efficacy of this new testing method is evaluated on two counts. First, the optical performance of optic fibers is studied before and after incorporated into 3-D braided composites, as well as after completion of the manufacturing process for 3-D braided composites, to validate the ability of the optic fiber to survive the manufacturing process. On the other hand, the influence of incorporated optic fiber on the original braided composite is also researched by tension and compression experiments. Second, two kinds of optic fiber sensors are co-embedded into 3-D braided composites to evaluate their respective ability     

Mechanical properties of isolation bearings identified by a viscoelastic model

The Haringx theory is usually employed to describe the mechanical behavior of rubber bearings subjected to a compressive axial load and a lateral shear deformation, but it does not consider the damping effect. In order to study the behavior of isolation bearings which possess an energy-dissipation capacity, the explicit formulas for the horizontal stiffness of viscoelastic columns and the corresponded height reduction are derived by the method of variable separation. These explicit formulas are then applied to develop an identification procedure to find the shear modulus and loss factor of the rubber using the cyclic shear tests of isolation bearings. Through this identification procedure, the empirical formulas for the shear modulus and the loss factor of rubber are established as functions of the strain amplitude and the excitation frequency.     

气动加载与振动激励耦合试验方法研究

飞机结构在飞行过程中同时承受气动载荷和振动载荷的联合作用,这两种载荷的耦合加载试验对于飞机结构成为一项重要的研究内容,所以有必要对此类试验的可行性及其耦合加载方式进行研究。此次试验以气囊加载静载/常规疲劳载荷状态下试件的振动响应测试为目的,设计符合试验要求的试件和整套试验装置。得到了气囊5种不同加载情况下试件振动响应变化情况,并对此试验结果进行了理论分析,得出以下结论:a)气囊模拟静载/常规疲劳载荷加载不会大幅改变结构本身振动特性,此耦合试验方法所模拟环境比较接近飞机结构真实载荷环境;b)加载气囊的个数、部位及加载力的不同对试件结构的振动响应有一定影响,应增加气囊蓄能器或在试验前进行分析以选择合理的加载点。     

Energy-consistent shear coefficients for beams with circular cross sections and radially inhomogeneous materials

An exact computational method for the shear stiffness of beams with circular cross sections and arbitrarily radially inhomogeneous Young’s modulus is presented. We derive the displacement and stress field of a cantilever beam according to 3D theory of elasticity, which requires to solve just a 1D linear boundary value problem. The shear stiffness is obtained by setting the shear strain energy from the exact solution equal to that from technical beam theory. Results and closed analytical formulae are given for several functionally graded and layered cross sections.     

Reddy高阶组合梁弯曲的一般解析解法

基于Reddy高阶梁的轴向位移模式,考虑组合梁界面滑移变形,利用最小势能原理建立了Reddy组合梁弯曲问题的控制微分方程和边界条件,,并将控制方程转化为含12个基本未知量的一阶常微分方程组,给出一般求解方法和解表达式。其次,研究了横向均布荷载作用下Reddy简支组合梁的弯曲,所得结果与有限元解吻合良好,说明本文解析解的有效性和可靠性。最后,数值分析了组合梁界面滑移剪切刚度kcs、弹性模量-剪切模量比E/G、梁长-高比L/h和子梁厚度比hs/hc等参数对Reddy简支组合梁弯曲的影响。分析表明：滑移刚度显著影响横截面应力的分布;组合梁长-高比越小、弹性模量-剪切模量比越大或界面滑移刚度越大,组合梁的剪切效应对其挠度影响越显著,此时不宜忽略其剪切变形。     

Dynamic stability of axially accelerating Timoshenko beam: Averaging method

This study investigates dynamic stability in transverse parametric vibrations of an axially accelerating tensioned beam of Timoshenko model on simple supports. The axial speed is assumed as a harmonic fluctuation about the constant mean speed. The Galerkin method is applied to discretize the governing equation into a finite set of ordinary differential equations. The method of averaging is applied to analyze the instability phenomena caused by subharmonic and combination resonance. Numerical examples demonstrate the effects of the mean axial speed, bending stiffness, rotary inertia and shear modulus on the instability boundaries.     

Discrete element modeling of the effect of particle size distribution on the small strain stiffness of granular soils

Discrete element modeling was used to investigate the effect of particle size distribution on the small strain shear stiffness of granular soils and explore the fundamental mechanism controlling this small strain shear stiffness at the particle level. The results indicate that the mean particle size has a negligible effect on the small strain shear modulus. The observed increase of the shear modulus with increasing particle size is caused by a scale effect. It is suggested that the ratio of sample size to the mean particle size should be larger than 11.5 to avoid this possible scale effect. At the same confining pressure and void ratio, the small strain shear modulus decreases as the coefficient of uniformity of the soil increases. The Poisson’s ratio decreases with decreasing void ratio and increasing confining pressure instead of being constant as is commonly assumed. Microscopic analyses indicate that the small strain shear stiffness and Poisson’s ratio depend uniquely on the soil’s coordination number.