高阶多维半离散中心迎风格式及其应用

提出了求解多维对流-扩散方程的四阶半离散中心迎风格式。该格式以中心加权基本无振荡(CWENO)重构为基础,同时考虑到在Riemann扇内波传播的局部速度,从而更加准确地估计出了局部Riemann扇的宽度,最终既回避了网格的交错,又降低了格式的数值粘性,建立了介于迎风格式和中心格式之间的半离散中心迎风格式。本文还将该四阶半离散中心迎风格式与涡度-流函数方法相结合,有效地求解了二维不可压Euler方程组和Navier-Stokes方程组。     

基于四阶半离散中心迎风格式的虚拟流方法的应用

给出了求解多维无粘可压Euler方程组的四阶半离散中心迎风格式,该格式根据非线性波在网格单元边界上传播的局部速度来更准确地估计局部Riemann的宽度,避免了计算网格的交错,降低了格式的数值粘性。同时,考虑到Level Set函数能隐式地追踪到界面的位置,而虚拟流的构造能隐式地捕捉到界面的边界条件,因此再将新的四阶半离散中心迎风格式与Level Set方法以及虚拟流方法相结合,成功地处理了非反应激波和多介质流中爆轰间断的追踪问题。     

求解多维双曲守恒律方程组的四阶半离散格式

提出了求解多维双曲守恒律方程组的四阶半离散格式。该方法以中心加权基本无振荡(CWENO)重构为基础,同时考虑到在R iemann扇内波传播的局部速度,从而回避了计算过程中的网格交错,建立了数值耗散较小的介于迎风格式和中心格式之间的半离散格式。本文的四阶半离散格式是Kurganov等人的三阶半离散格式的高阶推广。大量的数值算例充分说明了本文方法的高分辨率和稳定性。     

极坐标系下Fourier-Legendre谱元方法与有限差分法数值扩散的比较

提出一种Fourier-Legendre谱元方法用于求解极坐标系下的Navier-Stokes方程,其中极点所在单元的径向采用Gauss-Radau积分点,避免了r=0处的1/r坐标奇异性。时间离散采用时间分裂法,引入数值同位素模型跟踪同位素的输运过程验证数值模拟的精度,分别利用谱元法和有限差分法的迎风差分格式求解匀速和加速坩埚旋转流动中的同位素方程。计算结果表明,有限差分法中的一阶迎风差分格式存在严重的数值假扩散,二阶迎风差分格式的数值结果较精确,增加节点可以有效地缓解数值扩散。然而,谱元法具有以较少节点得到高精度解的优势。     

高效时空同步四阶熵稳定格式

求解双曲守恒律方程的高阶半离散熵稳定方法在时间方向上采用Runge-Kutta型方法时,算法的计算效率较低,Lax-Wendroff型时间离散方法为这一问题的解决提供了新思路．将WENO (Weighted Essentially NonOscillatory)型四阶熵稳定格式与Lax-Wendroff型两步四阶时间离散方法相结合求解双曲守恒律方程,时空同步可达到四阶精度．相较于流行的Runge-Kutta型时间离散方法,Lax-Wendroff型两步四阶方法只需两步就可以达到四阶精度,从而可提高计算效率．多个不同类型双曲型方程数值结果表明：新的耦合算法计算效率有明显提高,一维问题计算效率至少提高35%,二维问题计算效率至少提高39%,且新算法依旧具有熵稳定性,数值结果分辨率高．     

污染扩散方程高精度紧致格式及其稳定性分析

针对污染扩散方程提出了时间任意阶精度的显式格式,并对该格式的稳定性和精度进行了分析,理论结果表明:一阶精度的计算格式是传统的显格式,其稳定条件为:s≤1/2(s=D.Δt/Δx2,D为扩散系数,Δt为时间步长,Δx为空间步长),随着保留精度阶数的增加,稳定性范围也会随之增大;当保留无穷阶精度时,格式是无条件稳定的。这也就从一个侧面揭示了稳定性与时间精度之间的关系,为高性能数值计算格式的构思提供了可以借鉴的原则。数值算例的结果表明,本文格式具有一定的实用性。     

对流扩散方程的摄动有限体积(PFV)方法及讨论

在有限体积(FV)方法的重构近似中,引入数值摄动处理,即把界面数值通量摄动展开成网格间距的幂级数,并利用积分方程自身的性质求出幂级数的系数,同时获得高精度迎风和中心型摄动有限体积(PFV)格式.对标量输运方程给出积分近似为二阶、重构近似为二、三和四阶迎风和中心型PFV格式,这些PFV格式的结构形式及使用基点数与一阶迎风格式完全一致,迎风PFV格式满足对流有界准则;二阶和四阶中心PFV格式对网格Peclet数的任意值均为正型格式,比常用的二阶中心格式优越.用一维标量输运和方腔流动算例说明PFV格式的优良性能,并把PFV方法与性质相近的摄动有限差分(PFD)方法及相关的高精度方法作了对比分析.     

二维定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程的数值流形方法

将流形方法应用于定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程的直接数值求解,建立基于Galerkin加权余量法的N-S方程数值流形格式,有限覆盖系统采用混合覆盖形式,即速度分量取1阶和压力取0阶多项式覆盖函数,非线性流形方程组采用直接线性化交替迭代方法和Nowton-Raphson迭代方法进行求解.将混合覆盖的四节点矩形流形单元用于阶梯流和方腔驱动流动的数值算例,以较少单元获得的数值解与经典数值解十分吻合.数值实验证明,流形方法是求解定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程有效的高精度数值方法.     

高精度迎风紧致差分格式与热流计算研究的注记

利用高精度差分格式求解了可压缩 N-S方程球头热流问题。分析了不同差分格式在对球头粘性绕流热流计算中存在的问题 ,并分析了相应的网格雷诺数。在利用高精度迎风紧致 [1 ] 格式求解粘性绕流热流问题时 ,采用 Steger-Warming[2 ]的通量分裂技术将守恒型方程中的流通向量分裂成两部分 ,在此基础上据风向构造逼近于无粘项的高精度迎风格式。对方程中的粘性部分采用中心差分格式。数值结果表明 :高精度差分格式能在较大的网格雷诺数下较好地计算球头驻点热流     

对流扩散方程的绝对稳定高阶中心差分格式

将作者提出的数值摄动算法改进为区分离散单元内上游和下游并分别对通量进行高精度重构的双重数值摄动算法,与原(单重)摄动算法相比,双重摄动算法既提高了格式精度又明显扩大了格式的稳定域范围.利用双重摄动算法,即分别利用上游和下游基点变量的摄动重构将高阶流体力学关系及迎风机制耦合进二阶中心格式之中,由此构建了对流扩散方程的对网格Reynolds数的任意值均稳定(绝对稳定)高精度(四阶和八阶精度)三基点中心TVD差分格式,通过解析分析以及3个算例计算证实了构建格式的优良性能;3个算例包括一维线性、非线性(Burgers方程)和二维变系数对流扩散方程.数值计算表明:构建的格式在粗网格下不振荡,构建格式在粗网格时的最大误差L_∞和均方误差L_2与二阶中心格式在细网格时的相应误差一致,对线性方程,构建格式在细网格下可达到L_2精度阶.     

一维孔隙率浅水方程及其数值离散

通过孔隙率方法来描述挡水物对过水能力的影响建立了一维孔隙率浅水方程. 采用有限体积方法和Roe格式的近似Riemann解建立了孔隙率浅水方程的离散模式. 对底坡和孔隙率源项采用特性方向分解的方法进行处理,使模型精确满足C(Conservative)特性,增加了模型的稳定性. 通过算例模拟证明了模型可以对河道中的挡水物作用进行模拟,且计算结果表明模型具有和谐、稳定、分辨率高等优点.      

A frequency–time domain finite element model for tidal circulation based on the least-squares harmonic analysis method

An iterative type harmonic finite element model is developed for solving the full non-linear form of the shallow water equations. The scheme iteratively updates time histories of the non-linear terms which are then harmonically decomposed and used as forcing terms for the linear sets of equations which result from the harmonic separation of the shallow water equations. A least-squares harmonic analysis procedure is used to decompose the non-linear forcing terms. This procedure allows for the very efficient separation of extremely closely spaced harmonics, since it is highly selective with respect to the frequencies it considers. In addition tailoring the procedure and using very specific time steps and sampling periods significantly reduces the number of time samplings points required. In conjunction with the iterative nature of our scheme, the least-squares procedure makes the scheme entirely general, allows for the direct assessment of all tidal constituents, including compound tides, and permits the clear cut and complete investigation of their mutual interaction through the non-linearities. In addition this procedure readily computes very-low-frequency or residual type circulations. The FE formulation used shows a very low degree of spurious oscillations while remaining quite simple to implement. This control on nodal oscillations is especially important due to the energy transfer mechanisms involved in this type of iterative scheme. In an example application the effects of the various non-linear overtide and compound tide type interactions are examined. It is demonstrated that not only are compound tides significant relative to the overtides, but they also influence the overtides.     

A numerical study on the use of liquid metals (gallium and mercury) as agents to enhance heat transfer from hot water in a co-flow mini-channel system

Enhancement in the heat removal from hot water co-flowing in a mini-channel in a direct contact manner with two liquid metals, gallium and mercury, is investigated numerically. Results show that the liquid metals lead to superior heat removal from hot water co-flowing in the channel as compared to the case when only water flows in the channel. Moreover, it is found that gallium yields higher heat removal from water than mercury by about 15 %. This percentage, representing the superiority of gallium over mercury increases to about 20?% under conditions when the mass flow rate of both the liquid metal and the co-flowing water are doubled. The results reported showed numerical mesh independence. However, the results show much dependence on the spatial discretization scheme adopted where it is found that first order upwind scheme yields somewhat over predicted heat exchange rates in the channel, as compared with the case when a second order scheme is used. It is found further that the channel efficiency in removing heat from the water is remarkable in the first half of the overall channel length where in general the heat removed in the first 10?mm of the channel length is found to be about 70?% of the total heat removed. This percentage is a bit less than that when only water flows in the channel.     

基于非结构网格求解二维浅水方程的高精度有限体积方法

采用HLL格式,在三角形非结构网格下采用有限体积离散,建立了求解二维浅水方程的高精度的数值模型.本文采用多维重构和多维限制器的方法来获得高精度的空间格式以及防止非物理振荡的产生,时间离散采用三阶Runge-Kutta法以获得高阶的时间精度.基于三角形网格,底坡源项采用简单的斜底模型离散,为保证计算格式的和谐性,对经典的HLL格式计算的数值通量中的静水压力项进行了修正.算例证明本文提出的方法的和谐性并具有高精度的间断捕捉能力和稳定性.     

A Godunov‐type fractional semi‐implicit method based on staggered grid for dam‐break modeling

A semi‐implicit finite volume model based upon staggered grid is presented for solving shallow water equation. The model employs a time‐splitting scheme that uses a predictor–corrector method for the advection term. The fluxes are calculated based on a Riemann solver in the prediction step and a downwind scheme in the correction step. A simple TVD scheme is employed for shock capturing purposes in which the Minmond limiter is used for flux functions. As a consequence of using staggered grid, an ADI method is adopted for solving the discretized equations for 2‐D problems. Several 1‐D and 2‐D flows have been modeled with satisfactory results when compared with analytical and experimental test cases. The model is also capable of simulating supercritical as well as subcritical flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite‐volume multi‐stage schemes for shallow‐water flow simulations

A finite‐volume multi‐stage (FMUSTA) scheme is proposed for simulating the free‐surface shallow‐water flows with the hydraulic shocks. On the basis of the multi‐stage (MUSTA) method, the original Riemann problem is transformed to an independent MUSTA mesh. The local Lax–Friedrichs scheme is then adopted for solving the solution of the Riemann problem at the cell interface on the MUSTA mesh. The resulting first‐order monotonic FMUSTA scheme, which does not require the use of the eigenstructure and the special treatment of entropy fixes, has the generality as well as simplicity. In order to achieve the high‐resolution property, the monotonic upstream schemes for conservation laws (MUSCL) method are used. For modeling shallow‐water flows with source terms, the surface gradient method (SGM) is adopted. The proposed schemes are verified using the simulations of six shallow‐water problems, including the 1D idealized dam breaking, the steady transcritical flow over a hump, the 2D oblique hydraulic jump, the circular dam breaking and two dam‐break experiments. The simulated results by the proposed schemes are in satisfactory agreement with the exact solutions and experimental data. It is demonstrated that the proposed FMUSTA schemes have superior overall numerical accuracy among the schemes tested such as the commonly adopted Roe and HLL schemes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal control of material concentration using Fourier series

This paper presents an optimal control of the material concentration using Fourier series and finite element method. It is assumed that the optimal control value can be expanded into a Fourier series. The Fourier coefficient is identified to minimize the performance function and the optimal control value is determined. The Sakawa–Shindo algorithm is used for the minimization algorithm. The advection–diffusion equation and shallow water equation are used for the analysis of material concentration and water flow. The Crank–Nicolson scheme and finite element method using bubble function element with stabilized control parameter are employed as temporal and special discretization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An analysis of the stability of the least square finite difference scheme and its shock capturing ability in inviscid flows

A meshless method – The Least Square Finite Difference scheme (LSFD) with diffusion is analyzed and applied to inviscid flows. The scheme is made second-order by using a modified difference in the formulation of LSFD. Several numerical experiments, namely the Sod shock tube and the shallow water problems, are carried out and, in the limelight of the results obtained, the ability of the scheme to resolve shock wave, rarefaction wave, and contact discontinuity is discussed. The conditional stability of the LSFD scheme is established. The LSFD uses weights to diagonalize the least square matrix resulting in the spatial discretization in order to gain computational time. We prove that there exists a unique weight for the resulting optimization problem. The weighted version of LSFD is used to solve the isentropic vortex problem numerically and the results are used to discuss the dissipative nature of the scheme. Five configurations of the two-dimensional Riemann problems are used in our numerical experiments. The capability of the scheme to capture the complex interaction of multiple planar waves is discussed in the limelight of the results on the Riemann problems. The result of the shock reflection problem shows that the scheme is minimally dissipative and leads to sharp and well-resolved shocks.     

Exactly well‐balanced positivity preserving nonstaggered central scheme for open‐channel flows

In this paper, we construct and study an exactly well‐balanced positivity‐preserving nonstaggered central scheme for shallow water flows in open channels with irregular geometry and nonflat bottom topography. We introduce a novel discretization of the source term based on hydrostatic reconstruction to obtain the exactly well‐balanced property for the still water steady‐state solution even in the presence of wetting and drying transitions. The positivity‐preserving property of the cross‐sectional wet area is obtained by using a modified “draining" time‐step technique. The current scheme is also Riemann‐solver‐free. Several classical problems of open‐channel flows are used to test these properties. Numerical results confirm that the current scheme is robust, exactly well‐balanced and positivity‐preserving.     

数值模拟在钱塘江涌潮分析中的应用──Ⅰ.数值计算方法

利用数值模拟的方法对钱塘江涌潮从杭州湾口开始形成、发展直至消失的全过程进行了深入全面的描写．从杭州湾口到钱塘江出口,采用二维圣维南浅水波方程描述水波的运动,而在钱塘江河内采用一维圣维南浅水波方程描写涌潮的发展过程．详细描述用于一维和二维圣维南方程计算钱塘江涌潮的数值计算方法,首次把无结构网格上的NND格式应用于求解二维圣维南方程,并给出了详细的推导过程．对上下游水边界分别采用无反射边界条件和特征线方法,而对于动边界问题本文也给出了相应的处理方法．