表面粗糙层对两圆柱体接触的影响

本文应用粗糙面接触理论分析两粗糙圆柱体的接触问题，得出表面粗糙层对两圆柱体间的接触面积、接触压力分布和接近量的影响．     

渐变型流道燃料电池热-电-力-化多场耦合数值模拟

本文设计了一种渐变型气体流道的平管型固体氧化物燃料电池(Solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)，并建立了热-电-力-化学多物理场耦合三维模型，模拟并对比分析了渐变型和蛇形两种不同流道结构在平管型固体氧化物燃料电池不同电压下的气体流速、温度、电流密度和热应力大小．结果表明，当电压高于0.7 V时，渐变型流道气摩尔分数相比蛇形流道情形增加了1.9%．在相同电压下，渐变型流道结构的电流密度增加了0.72%，渐变型流道情形的气体出口处流速增加了148%，且渐变型流道SOFC的温度场和热应力相比蛇形流道情形分别降低了8.7%和61.5%.     

一种新型的接触压力传感器

利用碳材料的压阻效应,研制开发了一种新型的接触压力传感元件碳膜压力传感器,可以直接用它来定量测量两接触体间的接触压力．文中对接触压力传感器的压力电阻（σ－ΔＲ／Ｒ）关系进行了标定,测定了铁基形状记忆合金管接头与被连接管间的接触压力．经与光力学一有限元数值分析混合法结果进行比较后表明;这种新型的碳膜式接触压力传感器性能稳定,操作简便     

不同集流方式下对称双阴极固体氧化物燃料电池的电-化-热-力数值模拟及失效分析

 本文围绕新型对称双阴极固体氧化物燃料电池电堆单元在不同集流位置下热应力分布情况和优化集流方式，建立了一个基于电-化-热-力多场耦合理论的三维SOFC 电堆单元数值模型．引入固体力学热-力学理论，结合Weibull 失效概率分析方法，讨论了不同集流方式对SOFC 内部应力分布及失效的影响．研究结果表明，双侧阴极同时开展电子集流方式下的电解质平均电流密度比单侧单一集流方式下高，改变阳极集流位置会改变电极高温区的分布；SOFC 电堆单元上电极结构处的最大主应力明显大于其他组件上的最大主应力；阳极集流位置设置在阳极气体入口处时电极结构上的最大主应力和失效概率大于集流位置设置在阳极气体出口处的最大主应力和失效概率．     

三维轮轨法向接触力学行为弹塑性理论分析

基于Hertz接触理论和双线性强化模型,建立了轮轨法向接触弹塑性理论分析模型,分析了轮轨法向接触力学响应特征,讨论了轴重对接触压力和接触变形的影响规律。同时,基于三维轮轨接触有限元模型模拟了轮轨接触力学行为,并引入理论误差系数分析了弹性模型和双线性强化模型对轮轨接触力学响应预测结果的差异性。结果表明,轮轨最大接触压力和接触变形量均随轴重的增大而增大;双线性强化模型的理论误差系数较小,采用双线性强化分析模型能较准确地预测轮轨接触弹塑性力学行为。研究结果可为轮轨系统安全服役和损伤评估提供理论和技术支持。     

珩磨缸套与活塞环表面弹塑性接触分析

缸套-活塞环表面接触分析，能够对船用发动机设计决策提供重要支持.由于缸套珩磨网纹表面具有双高斯分布特征，基于高斯分布假设建立的统计接触力学模型无法反映缸套-活塞环表面的真实接触状态.本文中基于边界元理论，采用快速傅里叶变换和共轭梯度法，开发了粗糙接触弹塑性接触数值仿真分析方法，并对缸套珩磨网纹表面与活塞环接触状态进行了仿真计算，获得了表面真实接触压力、接触面积、弹塑性变形和应力等接触特性参数，研究了不同载荷作用下珩磨网纹表面接触演变规律，为活塞环缸套摩擦学设计奠定了基础.     

在干摩革命擦和46号油润滑条件下滑动导轨副的爬行性能研究

针对金属切削机床（特别是数控机床）等机械设备中工作台沿着导轨低速运动时发生的爬行现象，建立了模拟滑动导轨副的试验台架．利用这种试验台架分别在于摩擦和４６号油润滑条件下，对滑动导轨副的爬行性能进行了模拟试验研究与考察，并且讨论了接触压力对具有固体润滑徐层的滑动导轨副防爬性能的影响．结果表明，摩擦引起法向接触振动导致摩擦系数随着滑动速度的增加而下降是产生爬行的直接原因，不同接触压力下固体润滑涂层滑动导轨副发生爬行的程度不同，在此基础上，提出用Ｌ＝μ静／μ动作为评价滑动导轨副防爬性能的准则：Ｌ＞１．００时的防爬性能差，Ｌ在０．９６－１．００之间时的防爬性能一般，Ｌ≤０．９５时的防爬性能良好．此外，还针对性地提出了防爬措施．     

结合部切向接触刚度分形模型研究

根据球体与平面接触的切向接触刚度和粗糙表面的接触分形理论，从理论上首次建立了结合部切向接触刚度分形模型，该模型具有尺度独立性。通过对所建模型的数字仿真，直观地给出了结合部切向接触刚度与其影响因素之间的非线性关系，并与实验研究结果具有较好的一致性，从而说明了该模型是合理的。     

粗糙表面法向接触刚度的分形模型

提出了以往有关粗糙表面法向接触刚度理论研究工作的缺陷与不足,并在一定的前提假设下,基于球体与平面的接触理论和粗糙表面的分形接触理论,从理论上给出了具有尺度独立性的粗糙表面法向接触刚度分形模型,并进行了数字仿真研究。     

表面形貌含波纹度的节理的闭合模型

节理的闭合性质主要取决于节理的组合形貌特征，而并不单独地取决于节理面各自的形貌特征。本文分析了节理面及节理组合形貌的形貌特征，提出了含波纹度节理的闭合模型，模型中采用了节理组合形貌参数，可反映接触状态和初始开度对节理闭合性质的影响。实验验证了该模型比不考虑波纹度的闭合模型更接近于试验结果。     

类橡胶材料变形直到破坏的显式本构模型

本文通过直接、显式的方法提出一个多轴可压缩应变能弹性势来模拟类橡胶材料受载荷直到软化破坏的变形行为．首先，我们提出一个多轴可压缩应变能函数；其次，通过特定的不变量，该多轴应变能函数在单轴拉伸，平面应变和等双轴拉伸三个基准实验的情况下，可以退化为各自的单轴形函数形式；再次，我们显式给出带有软化破坏特性的形函数；最后，模型结果和试验数据可以精确匹配，同时可以预测材料临近破坏以后，接下来的变形行为．     

A new method for particle manipulation by combination of dielectrophoresis and field-modulated electroosmotic vortex

A field-modulated electroosmotic flow (FMEOF) in a microchannel can be obtained by applying modulating electric fields in a direction perpendicular to the channel wall. Micro-vortexes are generated around the electrodes along with an EOF due to the surface charge on the modulated wall. When polarizable particles are suspended near the electrodes, they experience dielectrophoretic forces due to a non-uniform electric field. In this paper, micro-vortexes and dielectrophoretic forces are combined to achieve separation and trap different sized particles in a continuous flow. Numerical results indicate that by adjusting the driving electric field parallel to the channel wall and the modulating electric field, the ratio of dielectrophoretic and hydrodynamic forces can be altered. One type of particles can be trapped by micro-vortexes (negative dielectrophoresis (DEP)), and the other particles are transported to the downstream so that the particles are separated. The influence of the electrode length and the channel height on the trapping rate is investigated.     

Flux vector splitting solutions for coupling hydraulic transient of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in pipelines

The gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow is the most general in multiphase mixed transportation. It is significant to exactly solve the coupling hydraulic transient problems of this type of multiphase mixed flow in pipelines. Presently, the method of characteristics is widely used to solve classical hydraulic transient problems. However, when it is used to solve coupling hydraulic transient problems, excessive interpolation errors may be introduced into the results due to unavoidable multiwave interpolated calculations. To deal with the problem, a finite difference scheme based on the Steger-Warming flux vector splitting is proposed. A flux vector splitting scheme is established for the coupling hydraulic transient model of gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow in the pipelines. The flux subvectors are then discretized by the Lax-Wendroff central difference scheme and the Warming-Beam upwind difference scheme with second-order precision in both time and space. Under the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the corresponding boundary conditions, an effective solution to those points located at the boundaries is developed, which can avoid the problem beyond the calculation region directly induced by the second-order discrete technique. Numerical and experimental verifications indicate that the proposed scheme has several desirable advantages including high calculation precision, excellent shock wave capture capability without false numerical oscillation, low sensitivity to the Courant number, and good stability.     

Numerical stability analysis of numerical methods for volterra integral equations with delay argument

The present paper deals with the stability properties of numerical methods for Volterra integral equations with delay argument. We assess the numerical stability of numerical methods with respect to the following test equations (0.1a) $$y\left( t \right) = \psi \left( 0 \right) + \int_0^t {\left( {py\left( s \right) + q\left( {s - \tau } \right)} \right)ds (0 \leqslant t \leqslant X)}$$ (0.1b) $$y\left( t \right) = \psi \left( t \right) \left( {t \in [ - \tau ,0)} \right)$$ where τ is a positive constant, and P and q are complex valued. We investigate the stability properties of reducible quadrature methods and θ-methods in the case of the above test equations     

Transient growth in Poiseuille-Rayleigh-Bénard flows of binary fluids with Soret effect

The transient growth due to non-normality is investigated for the PoiseuilleRayleigh-Bénard problem of binary fluids with the Soret effect. For negative separation factors such as ψ =-0.1, it is found that a large transient growth can be obtained by the non-normal interaction of the two least-stable-modes, i.e., the upstream and downstream modes, which determine the linear critical boundary curves for small Reynolds numbers.The transient growth is so strong that the optimal energy amplification factor G(t) is up to 10~2~10~3. While for positive separation factors such as ψ = 0.1, the transient growth is weak with the order O(1) of the amplification factor, which can even be computed by the least-stable-mode. However, for both cases, the least-stable-mode can govern the long-term behavior of the amplification factor for large time. The results also show that large Reynolds numbers have stabilization effects for the maximum amplification within moderate wave number regions. Meanwhile, much small negative or large positive separation factors and large Rayleigh numbers can enlarge the maximum transient growth of the pure streamwise disturbance with the wavenumber α = 3.14. Moreover, the initial and evolutionary two-dimensional spatial patterns of the large transient growth for the pure streamwise disturbance are exhibited with a plot of the velocity vector, spanwise vorticity, temperature, and concentration field. The initial three-layer cell vorticity structure is revealed. When the amplification factor reaches the maximum Gmax, it develops into one cell structure with large amplification for the vorticity strength.     

单足机器人周期跳跃控制的虚拟约束方法

 研究单足机器人周期跳跃控制问题．弹簧支撑倒立摆模型可以比较准确地描述动物的跳跃行为，但无控制的自然跳跃抗干扰能力较差，一般采用轨迹跟踪控制方法实现单足机器人周期跳跃．当系统存在比较大的误差时，传统的时间轨迹跟踪控制方法存在明显的不足．引入虚拟约束技术，采用基于空间路径跟踪的控制方法可以克服时间轨迹跟踪的不足．采用点足机器人模型，并通过控制腿伸缩的方式为系统提供动力，将跳跃过程分为地面摆动和腾空飞行两个阶段，并通过起飞和着陆两个事件完成两个阶段之间的转换，整个系统模型属于欠驱动非光滑动力学系统．根据简化的动力学方程获得系统的虚拟约束解析表达式，并采用部分反馈线性化方法结合PD 控制设计系统的控制律．分析了系统的混合零动力学方程，并证明了闭环系统的临界稳定性．仿真结果表明，提出的控制方法可以实现单足机器人的周期跳跃控制，并且对外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性．     

中国西南山区第四纪冰川堆积物工程地质分类探讨

中国的大陆冰川堆积物几乎都属于巨粒土或块石（漂石）土、碎石土,但因复杂的物质组成和组构特征,各地或同一地区不同成因类型（冰碛、冰水）的堆积物具有极为不同的工程地质性质,其地质体稳定性和地质灾害的易发性存在着显著的差异。我国已有的工程分类框架不能满足当代冰川堆积物甚至其他碎石土（巨粒土）的工程地质和地质灾害研究的需要。中国西南山区冰川堆积物的物质成分、细观结构等的野外调查和室内测试分析结果表明,冰川堆积物的物质成分和组构特征主要表现为：颗粒组成的不均一性和多元性、组构单元的双元性、结构的无序性和胶结性等。冰川堆积物的物质成分和组构特征与其工程性质具有密切的关系,是冰川堆积物工程地质分类的基础。本文探讨了中国西南山区冰川堆积物的工程地质分类问题,提出基于胶结程度和粒度组成的二级分类方案,对冰川堆积物及其他块（漂）石土的工程地质研究和工程实践具有一定指导意义。     

Optimization of a global seventh-order dissipative compact finite-difference scheme by a genetic algorithm

A global seventh-order dissipative compact finite-difference scheme is optimized in terms of time stability. The dissipative parameters appearing in the boundary closures are assumed to be different, resulting in an optimization problem with several parameters determined by applying a generic algorithm. The optimized schemes are analyzed carefully from the aspects of the eigenvalue distribution, the ε-pseudospectra, the short time behavior, and the Fourier analysis. Numerical experiments for the Euler equations are used to show the effectiveness of the final recommended scheme.     

Forced response of quadratic nonlinear oscillator: comparison of various approaches

The primary resonances of a quadratic nonlinear system under weak and strong external excitations are investigated with the emphasis on the comparison of different analytical approximate approaches. The forced vibration of snap-through mechanism is treated as a quadratic nonlinear oscillator. The Lindstedt-Poincaré method, the multiple-scale method, the averaging method, and the harmonic balance method are used to determine the amplitude-frequency response relationships of the steady-state responses. It is demonstrated that the zeroth-order harmonic components should be accounted in the application of the harmonic balance method. The analytical approximations are compared with the numerical integrations in terms of the frequency response curves and the phase portraits. Supported by the numerical results, the harmonic balance method predicts that the quadratic nonlinearity bends the frequency response curves to the left. If the excitation amplitude is a second-order small quantity of the bookkeeping parameter, the steady-state responses predicted by the second-order approximation of the LindstedtPoincaré method and the multiple-scale method agree qualitatively with the numerical results. It is demonstrated that the quadratic nonlinear system implies softening type nonlinearity for any quadratic nonlinear coefficients.     

基于树脂层强度预测分层萌生载荷

 轴向拉伸下的层合板在自由边缘附近存在奇异应力场，容易产生分层萌生进而导致结构破坏．而大多数基于材料力学方法的分层萌生研究对强度参数的确定有较强的主观性，缺乏合理解释．本文通过在层间插入一定厚度的树脂层，将分层萌生视为层间树脂层在三维应力状态下的强度破坏，根据有明确试验标准的树脂强度和Mohr 判据判断是否发生分层萌生．采用Pipes-Pagano 的均匀轴向拉伸模型计算应力场，对层间应力与树脂层面外应力进行了对比．取临界长度为4 个单层板厚度对T800/914 层合板的分层萌生进行了预测，结果表明预测值与实验值吻合良好．