混凝土黏塑性动力损伤本构关系

从静力弹塑性损伤本构关系的基本框架出发, 综合考虑塑性应变与损伤 演化的率敏感性, 建立了能够较为全面地描述混凝土在动力加载条件下非线性性能的混凝土 黏塑性动力损伤本构模型. 为了考虑塑性应变的率敏感性, 基于Perzyna理论推导了有效应 力空间黏塑性力学基本公式, 采用改进的Perzyna型动力演化方程, 将损伤静力演化方程推 广到动力加载情形. 基于并联弹簧模型, 从概率论的角度推导给出了一维损伤静力演化方程, 并基于能量等效应变的基本概念将其推广到多维损伤演化. 利用数值模拟, 计算得到了 混凝土在不同应变率下的应力应变全曲线, 同时得到了一维动力提高因子和二维动力强度包 络图, 数值结果与试验结果的对比表明了该模型的有效性.     

DH-36钢的塑性流动统一本构关系研究

通过对DH-36钢动态应变时效的规律和试验数据进行系统分析, 发展和建立了描写第3种动态应变时效的本构模型. 然后基于热激活物理概念本构模型和塑性流动应力组合原理, 加入对第3种动态应变时效的描述, 获得了统一本构模型. 该模型不仅可以描写第3种动态应变时效, 还可以预测DH-36钢在温度77K~1000K, 应变率0.001s^{-1}~3000s^{-1}范围内的塑性流动应力,通过比较发现统一本构模型预测结果与试验结果吻合很好.      

超高强度钢AF1410塑性流动特性及其本构关系

在本文中,为揭示超高强度钢AF1410的塑性流动性,并研究其塑性流动本构关系,利用CSS4410电子万能试验机和改进的Hopkinson拉压杆技术,对AF1410钢在温度从100K到600K,应变率从0.001/s到2000/s,塑性应变超过20%的塑性流动特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,拉伸加载下AF1410钢屈服强度低于压缩屈服强度,且随应变率增加,拉压屈服强度差值越来越大;该材料塑性流动应力对应变率敏感性低,而对温度较为敏感;随应变率的提高,该材料拉伸失效应变减小,但温度对失效应变无明显影响。最后基于位错的运动学关系,借助试验数据,获得了AF1410钢的塑性流动物理概念本构模型,并通过与经典J-C模型的结果对比对该物理概念本构模型进行了评估分析,表明该物理概念本构模型在较宽温度和应变率范围能较好的预测AF1410钢的塑性流动应力。     

混凝土率型内时损伤本构模型

混凝土是一种典型的率敏感材料,为了更好地描述混凝土结构在动力、冲击荷载作用下的强度和变形特征,本文结合内时理论和损伤理论建立了一种考虑混凝土率效应的内时损伤本构模型。该模型的特点:将混凝土材料的受力软化效应分解为密实状态的塑性效应和由微裂缝扩展引起的刚度退化效应。前者由内时理论来描述,这使该模型摆脱了一般弹塑性模型中屈服面的概念,从而更符合混凝土的变形特性,并且简化了非线性计算过程;后者由损伤理论来描述,根据混凝土的动力试验结果建立了增量型的损伤演变方程,从而使该模型能够较好地反映混凝土的动力特性。最后,应用本文建议的模型对一钢筋混凝土简支梁进行了非线性分析,结果表明:当结构承受快速荷载作用时,应变率对结构的受力性能影响较大,在进行结构分析时必须予以考虑。     

描述大应变率范围下材料响应的粘塑性本构模型

以位错动力学理论中的Ｏｒｗａｎ和Ｇｉｌｍａｎ关系为基础建立描述率相关材料非弹性响应的基本方程，选择材料准静态实验的单轴响应作为强化演化的规律，并考虑应变率敏感程度随变形产生变化的特性，建立了适用于大应变率范围内率相关材料的统一型粘塑性本构模型。对铝１１００－０在应变率范围１０－５～１０４ｓ－１内产生的有限塑性应变的单轴响应进行了理论预测，与Ｋｈａｎ和Ｈｕａｎｇ［１］的实验数据及模型预测结果进行了比较，结果表明本文模型具有较高的预测精度，在高应变率和较大应变下不容忽视率敏感参数随变形的变化。     

混凝土HJC本构模型参数的研究

运用非线性有限元动力分析软件LS-DYNA模拟了混凝土SHPB试验.将试验采集的入射波数据作为压杆的端面载荷,模拟条件尽量符合试验条件,确保模拟精度.将数值模拟与试验结果相结合,研究了混凝土HJC模型参数的确定方法,得到了C60混凝土的相关计算参数,模拟结果得到的应力-应变曲线与不同应变率下混凝土SHPB试验应力-应变曲线吻合较好.分析了HJC模型的本构特性,比较了与金属JC模型的差异与共性,讨论了HJC模型存在的问题.研究结果表明,未考虑混凝土弹性响应的应变率效应,横向效应的影响与采用的失效方式密切相关.     

考虑围压效应的冻结砂土动态本构模型研究

为描述主动围压作用下冻结砂土的动态力学特性，通过在朱-王-唐模型的非线性体上串联塑性体，建立了能够考虑围压效应的冻结砂土动态损伤本构模型；分析了损伤参数对应力-应变曲线特征、屈服点、峰值应力和峰值应变的影响规律，基于冻结砂土动力学试验数据确定了模型参数；通过将模型和试验数据进行对比，并对不同试验条件下模型的预测误差进行分析，验证了模型的适用性和准确性。结果表明，损伤参数对应力-应变曲线弹性阶段和屈服点无明显影响，而对塑性阶段和破坏阶段的影响较为显著，本构模型预测的应力-应变曲线与试验结果具有较好的一致性。模型能够预测围压引起冻结砂土塑性阶段占比大和屈服点明显的特征，且能够描述围压对冻结砂土动态强度的增强效应；不同负温和主动围压条件下，模型对峰值应力和屈服强度的预测效果优于峰值应变和屈服应变。     

基于对数应力率大应变本构关系的参数标定研究

在所有率型弹塑性本构模型中,只有对数应力率对应的本构模型能够满足自适应准则.基于对数应力率,采用实心圆轴扭转实验,对大应变弹塑性本构模型中的参数标定问题进行了讨论.推导出了考虑Swift效应时端部自由实心圆轴扭转变形的变形率、对数旋率、Kirchhoff应力及Kirchhoff应力的对数应力率.对于等向强化大应变弹塑性本构关系,给出了由实心圆轴扭转实验标定的、基于Kirchhhoff应力对数应力率的本构关系中塑性刚度函数的表达式.分析了扭转圆轴的Swift效应对塑性刚度函数的影响.结果表明,实心圆轴扭转的轴向伸长变形和径向变形对基于对数应力率大应变本构关系中的塑性刚度函数都有影响.当不考虑Swift效应时,所得塑性刚度函数表达式与不考虑Swift效应时基于Jaumann应力率的塑性刚度函数表达式相同.     

基于OTTOSEN准则的混凝土粘塑性力学模型

研究了混凝土的弹．粘塑性动态本构关系,提出一个应变率相关的非线性混凝土模型．模型改进Bicanic的混凝土塑性间断面变化规律和Ottosen的四参数屈服准则,建立冲击荷载下的混凝土本构方程,可以应用于地震和爆炸作用下混凝土材料响应的研究．根据混凝土动态实验结果对应变率和材料强度的关系提出合理假设,考虑以往被忽略的材料峰值应变和泊松比随应变率的变化．模型包含静水压力参数和动态塑性损伤因子,可以有效地反映混凝土的动态力学行为,为其动态问题的研究提供有益的思路和有效的工具．     

基于裂纹扩展脆性岩石动力压缩力学特性研究

动态压缩荷载作用下，脆性岩石内部动态细观裂纹扩展特性，对岩石宏观动态力学特性有着重要的影响。然而，对岩石内部动态细观裂纹扩展与宏观动态力学特性的关系研究较少。基于准静态裂纹扩展作用下的应力-应变本构模型、准静态与动态裂纹扩展断裂韧度关系、裂纹速率与应变率关系模型及应变率与动态断裂韧度关系，提出了一种基于细观力学的动态应力-应变本构模型。其中裂纹速率与应变率关系，是根据裂纹长度与应变关系的时间导数推出；应变率与动态断裂韧度关系，是根据推出的裂纹速率及应变率关系，与裂纹速率及断裂韧度关系相结合而得到。研究了应变率对应力-应变本构关系及动态压缩强度影响。并通过试验结果验证了模型的合理性。讨论了岩石初始损伤、围压、模型中参数m、ε₀和R对应力-应变关系、动态压缩强度和动态弹性模量的影响。研究结果可为动态压缩荷载作用下深部地下工程脆性围岩稳定性分析提供了一定的理论支持。     

混凝土本构模型及其动态有限元算法研究

混凝土的力学性质及其本构研究是当前力学领域的一个重要课题。混凝土的实验数据表明其力学性质表现出很强的各向异性及并且在高加载速率的情况下，混凝土的性质物美价廉 时时明显不同。这就要求我们采用应变率相关的弹粘弹性本构模型来描述混凝土的力学行为。本语文从Ｏｔｔｏｓｅｎ的四参数混凝土模型出发，引进损伤和应变率的影响，参考关联塑性的理论，改进了混凝土的本构模型。为了把混凝土的数值模拟推向实用，本文概括混凝土     

96.5Sn-3.5Ag钎料合金的时相关单轴应变循环变形行为及其本构关系研究

在室温下对96.5Sn-3.5Ag钎料合金进行了不同加载波形下的单轴应变循环实验。研究了在具有不同保持时间、不同应变率、不同应变幅值及其历史对材料的循环变形行为的影响。基于材料时相关变形行为,提出了统一粘塑性本构模型,并对该材料的变形行为进行本构模拟。实验结果表明:该钎料合金单轴变形行为具有应变率、保持时间以及应变幅值依赖性。本构关系的预言结果与实验结果吻合得一致性说明该种模型能够很好地描述材料的单轴应变循环变形行为。     

Mullins�� effect in semicrystalline polymers: experiments and?modeling

Experimental data are reported on isotactic polypropylene in uniaxial cyclic tensile tests with various maximum strains at room temperature. It is demonstrated that polypropylene reveals all characteristic features (hysteresis of energy, damage accumulation, and strain-hardening) of the Mullins effect. Constitutive equations are derived for the viscoplastic behavior of semicrystalline polymers at three-dimensional deformations with small strains. Adjustable parameters in the stress?Cstrain relations are found by fitting the observations. Numerical simulation shows that the model adequately predicts the viscoplastic response of polypropylene in uniaxial and biaxial cyclic tests.     

A viscoplastic model combined smedamage and smeared crack for softening of concrete

A viscoplastic model accounting for developing damage in concrete is proposed by assuming the rate of damage to be dependent on viscous strain and stress rates. The damage is measured by a scalar parameter affecting both the yield stress and the material viscosity. For a post-critical range of deformation, the localized mode occurs for which additional constitutive equations are specified. The model is applied to simulate uniaxial strain rate controlled and creep response for the concrete.     

Ratchetting of viscoplastic material with cyclic softening,part 1: experiments on modified 9Cr–1Mo steel

Uniaxial and multiaxial ratchetting tests were conducted at temperatures between 200 and 600 °C on modified 9Cr–1Mo steel, which exhibits both viscoplastic and cyclic softening behavior. Anomalous behavior was observed in the stress-controlled uniaxial ratchetting tests; the material exhibited outstanding ratchetting in the tensile direction under zero mean stress. Under the uniaxial conditions, the ratchetting deformation significantly depended on the loading rate and hold time in addition to parameters such as the maximum stress and stress ratio. The uniaxial ratchetting was also accelerated to a great extent when cyclic deformation was given before the ratchetting tests. Under the multiaxial conditions, the ratchetting depended on the steady stress, cyclic strain range and strain rate. The ratchetting progressed faster as the steady stress or strain range became larger, or the strain rate became smaller, as expected. Monotonic compression tests were carried out to investigate the reason for the rachetting under no mean stress. Strain range change tests were also conducted to investigate the effect of strain range on the cyclic softening behavior of the material in detail.     

一种新形式的钢纤维混凝土冲击动态本构关系及材料参数的确定

采用?75 mm大口径SHPB系统进行了钢纤维体积率为0%、0.75%、1.5%三种混凝土材料动态性能实验,得出了不同钢纤维含量、不同应变率下的材料应力-应变关系曲线,实验结果表明:随着纤维含量及应变率的增加,钢纤维混凝土材料的峰值应变、峰值应力都随之提高,并在峰值应力之后出现应力的应变软化现象。以此实验结果为基础,提出了一种依赖于应变和应变率相关函数的新型非线性黏塑性动态本构关系,并通过对实验曲线的三步逐次最小二乘优选模拟,得到了相应的材料参数。结果表明,该本构关系对实验数据的模拟效果较好。     

Constitutive equations in finite viscoplasticity of semicrystalline polymers

Three series of uniaxial tensile tests with constant strain rates are performed at room temperature on isotactic polypropylene and two commercial grades of low-density polyethylene with different molecular weights. Constitutive equations are derived for the viscoplastic behavior of semicrystalline polymers at finite strains. A polymer is treated as an equivalent network of strands bridged by permanent junctions. Two types of junctions are introduced: affine whose micro-deformation coincides with the macro-deformation of a polymer, and non-affine that slide with respect to their reference positions. The elastic response of the network is attributed to elongation of strands, whereas its viscoplastic behavior is associated with sliding of junctions. The rate of sliding is proportional to the average stress in strands linked to non-affine junctions. Stress–strain relations in finite viscoplasticity of semicrystalline polymers are developed by using the laws of thermodynamics. The constitutive equations are applied to the analysis of uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression and simple shear of an incompressible medium. These relations involve three adjustable parameters that are found by fitting the experimental data. Fair agreement is demonstrated between the observations and the results of numerical simulation. It is revealed that the viscoplastic response of low-density polyethylene in simple shear is strongly affected by its molecular weight.     

Finite deformation of a polymer: experiments and modeling

The response of a polymer (polytetrafluoroethylene) to quasi-static and dynamic loading is determined and modeled. The polytetrafluoroethylene is extremely ductile and highly nonlinear in elastic as well as plastic behaviors including elastic unloading. Constitutive model developed earlier by Khan, Huang and Liang (KHL) is extended to include the responses of polymeric materials. The strain rate hardening, creep, and relaxation behaviors of polytetrafluoroethylene were determined through extensive experimental study. Based on the observation that both viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformation of polytetrafluoroethylene are time dependent and nonlinear, a phenomenalogical viscoelasto–plastic constitutive model is presented by a series connection of a viscoelastic deformation module (represented by three elements standard solid spring dashpot model), and a viscoplastic deformation module represented by KHL model. The KHL module is affected only when the stress exceeds the initial yield stress. The comparison between the predictions from the extended model and experimental data for uniaxial static and dynamic compression, creep and relaxation demonstrate that the proposed constitutive model is able to represent the observed time dependent mechanical behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene polytetrafluoroethylene qualitatively and quantitatively.