薄板振动特征值问题的一种改进积分方程解法

本文根据一种改进的边界元/有限元混合法求解薄板振动固有频率问题,既避开了标准的边界元法所导致的求解非代数特征值方程的困难,亦能够基本上消除通常的边界元/有限元混合法结果精度受区域内部单元划分影响较大的弊端。文中讨论了迭代算法的收敛问题,并用于薄板固有频率分析。数值结果表明,即便是在域内单元很粗疏划分的情况下,本文的方法仍能给出相当满意的结果。     

Time-harmonic BEM for 2-D piezoelectricity applied to eigenvalue problems

We will derive the fundamental generalized displacement solution, using the Radon transform, and present the direct formulation of the time-harmonic boundary element method (BEM) for the two-dimensional general piezoelectric solids. The fundamental solution consists of the static singular and the dynamics regular parts; the former, evaluated analytically, is the fundamental solution for the static problem and the latter is given by a line integral along the unit circle. The static BEM is a component of the time-harmonic BEM, which is formulated following the physical interpretation of Somigliana’s identity in terms of the fundamental generalized line force and dislocation solutions obtained through the Stroh–Lekhnitskii (SL) formalism. The time-harmonic BEM is obtained by adding the boundary integrals for the dynamic regular part which, from the original double integral representation over the boundary element and the unit circle, are reduced to simple line integrals along the unit circle.The BEM will be applied to the determination of the eigen frequencies of piezoelectric resonators. The eigenvalue problem deals with full non-symmetric complex-valued matrices whose components depend non-linearly on the frequency. A comparative study will be made of non-linear eigenvalue solvers: QZ algorithm and the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method (IRAM). The FEM results whose accuracy is well established serve as the basis of the comparison. It is found that the IRAM is faster and has more control over the solution procedure than the QZ algorithm. The use of the time-harmonic fundamental solution provides a clean boundary only formulation of the BEM and, when applied to the eigenvalue problems with IRAM, provides eigen frequencies accurate enough to be used for industrial applications. It supersedes the dual reciprocity BEM and challenges to replace the FEM designed for the eigenvalue problems for piezoelectricity.     

Axisymmetric viscoplastic deformation by the boundary element method

This paper presents a boundary element formulation and numerical implementation of the problem of small axisymmetric deformation of viscoplastic bodies. While the extension from planar to axisymmetric problems can be carried out fairly simply for the finite element method (FEM), this is far from true for the boundary element method (BEM). The primary reason for this fact is that the axisymmetric kernels in the integral equations of the BEM contain elliptic functions which cannot be integrated analytically even over boundary elements and internal cells of simple shape. Thus, special methods have to be developed for the efficient and accurate numerical integration of these singular and sensitive kernels over discrete elements. The accurate determination of stress rates by differentiation of the displacement rates presents another formidable challenge.A successful numerical implementation of the boundary element method with elementwise (called the Mixed approach) or pointwise (called the pure BEM or BEM approach) determination of stress rates has been carried out. A computer program has been developed for the solution of general axisymmetric viscoplasticity problems. Comparisons of numerical results from the BEM and FEM, for several illustrative problems, are presented and discussed in the paper. It is possible to get direct solutions for the simpler class of problems for cylinders of uniform cross-section, and these solutions are also compared with the BEM and FEM results for such cases.     

A generalized variational principle of composite shallow shells and its application to the folded shell

In this paper, a generalized variational principle of elastodynamics in composite shallow shells with edge beams is presented, and its equivalence to corresponding basic equations, ridge conditions and boundary conditions is proved. Then this variational principle is applied to the folded shell structure. By means of double series, the approximate analytical solutions for statics and dynamics under common boundary conditions are obtained. The comparison of our results with FEM computations and experiments shows the analytical solutions have good convergence and their accuracy is quite satisfactory.     

A DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHM WITH FINITE ELEMENT-BOUNDARY ELEMENT COUPLING

A domain decomposition algorithm coupling the finite element and the boundary element was presented. It essentially involves subdivision of the analyzed domain into sub-regions being independently modeled by two methods, i.e., the finite element method (FEM) and the boundary element method (BEM). The original problem was restored with continuity and equilibrium conditions being satisfied on the interface of the two sub-regions using an iterative algorithm. To speed up the convergence rate of the iterative algorithm, a dynamically changing relaxation parameter during iteration was introduced. An advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the locations of the nodes on the interface of the two sub-domains can be inconsistent. The validity of the algorithm is demonstrated by the consistence of the results of a numerical example obtained by the proposed method and those by the FEM, the BEM and a present finite element-boundary element (FE-BE) coupling method.     

Application of scaled boundary finite element method in static and dynamic fracture problems

The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is a recently developed numerical method combining advantages of both finite element methods (FEM) and boundary element methods (BEM) and with its own special features as well. One of the most prominent advantages is its capability of calculating stress intensity factors (SIFs) directly from the stress solutions whose singularities at crack tips are analytically represented. This advantage is taken in this study to model static and dynamic fracture problems. For static problems, a remeshing algorithm as simple as used in the BEM is developed while retaining the generality and flexibility of the FEM. Fully-automatic modelling of the mixed-mode crack propagation is then realised by combining the remeshing algorithm with a propagation criterion. For dynamic fracture problems, a newly developed series-increasing solution to the SBFEM governing equations in the frequency domain is applied to calculate dynamic SIFs. Three plane problems are modelled. The numerical results show that the SBFEM can accurately predict static and dynamic SIFs, cracking paths and load-displacement curves, using only a fraction of degrees of freedom generally needed by the traditional finite element methods.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50579081) and the Australian Research Council (DP0452681)The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Method of fundamental solutions for multidimensional Stokes equations by the dual-potential formulation

A simple and accurate boundary-type meshless method of fundamental solutions (MFS) is applied to solve both 2D and 3D Stokes flows based on the dual-potential formulation of velocity potential and stream function vector. Using the dual-potential concept, the solutions of both 2D and 3D Stokes flows are obtained by combining the much simpler fundamental solutions of Laplace (potential) and bi-harmonic equations without using the complicated singular fundamental solutions such as Stokeslets and their derivatives as well as source doublet hypersingularity. The developed algorithm is used to test five numerical experiments for 2D flows: (1) circular cavity, (2) wave-shaped bottom cavity and (3) circular cavity with eccentric rotating cylinder; and for 3D flows: (4) a uniform flow passing a sphere and (5) a uniform flow passing a pair of spheres. Good results are obtained as comparing with solutions of analytical and numerical methods such as FEM, BEM and other meshfree schemes.     

A comparative study on algorithms of boundary element solution for free torsional vibration of bodies of revolution

In this paper the functionu=rsin in cylindrical coordinates (r,,z) is introduced into the equation for free torsional vibration of bodies of revolution (where=v / r represents the angle of twist). With the static fundamental solution (–1 /R) a mixed BEM / FEM equation is derived. The domain integral term in the equation is discretized by Serendipity elements instead of commonly used constant value finite elements in the literature. The equation is an algebraic eigenvalue one. The dynamic fundamental solution (e ^1R /R) is also used for deriving the other mixed BEM / FEM equation. An appropriate iterative solution procedure is described. An algebraic eigenvalue equation can be obtained and its solution accuracy is almost interior meshing independent. A number of examples are studied. The results show the good economy and high accuracy of the algorithms proposed.The Project is Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

层状弹性半空间轴对称动力问题的奇异解

本文利用Laplace-Hankel联合变换及传播矩阵技术导出了任意层数的层状弹性半空间轴对称动力问题时域奇异解的一般解析表达式,并给出了奇异解数值化实施的计算方法。文末的实例计算表明了本文给出解答的正确性以及数值化实施的可靠性,从而为进一步用边界元法直接解决由于层状介质而引起的非匀质动力问题开拓了一条潜在的途径。     

Vibration analysis of plates using the multivariable spline element method

The vibration analysis of plates using the multivariable spline element method is presented in this paper. The spline functions are applied to construct bending moments, twisting moments and transverse displacement field functions. The spline equations of eigenvalue problems with multiple variables of vibration of plates are derived based on the Hellinger-Reissner mixed variational principle. For simplicity, the boundary conditions which consist of three local spline points are amended to fit any specified boundary conditions. Several numerical solutions of plate vibration analysis are presented which illustrate the accuracy and convergence of the method.     

The cause and cure (?) of the spurious pressures generated by certain FEM solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: Part 1

The spurious pressures and ostensibly acceptable velocities which sometimes result from certain FEM approximate solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are explained in detail. The concept of pressure modes, physical and spurious, pure and impure, is introduced and their effects on discretized solutions is analysed, in the context of both mixed interpolation and penalty approaches. Pressure filtering schemes, which are capable of recovering useful pressures from otherwise polluted numerical results, are developed for two particular elements in two-dimensions and one element in three-dimensions. Implications regarding the effect of spurious pressure modes on accuracy and ultimate convergence with mesh refinement are discussed and a list of unanswered questions presented. Sufficient numerical examples are discussed to corroborate the theory presented herein.     

二维定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程的数值流形方法

将流形方法应用于定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程的直接数值求解,建立基于Galerkin加权余量法的N-S方程数值流形格式,有限覆盖系统采用混合覆盖形式,即速度分量取1阶和压力取0阶多项式覆盖函数,非线性流形方程组采用直接线性化交替迭代方法和Nowton-Raphson迭代方法进行求解.将混合覆盖的四节点矩形流形单元用于阶梯流和方腔驱动流动的数值算例,以较少单元获得的数值解与经典数值解十分吻合.数值实验证明,流形方法是求解定常不可压缩粘性流动N-S方程有效的高精度数值方法.     

无穷域势流问题的有限元／差分线法混合求解

提出了一种将有限元和差分线法相结合求解无穷域势流问题的算法。用两同心圆将求解域划分为存在重叠的有限和无限两个区域,在有限和无限域上分别用有限元和差分线法求解Laplace方程边值问题。用差分线法推导出的关系式修正有限元方程,求解该方程组从而得到原问题的解。本算法将求解无穷域问题转化为代数特征值问题和有限域内线性方程组的...     

The cause and cure (!) of the spurious pressures generated by certain fem solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: Part 2

The spurious pressures and ostensibly acceptable velocities which sometimes result from certain FEM approximate solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are explained in detail. The concept of pressure modes, physical and spurious, pure and impure, is introduced and their effects on discretized solutions is analysed, in the context of mixed interpolation and penalty approaches. Pressure filtering schemes, which are capable of recovering useful pressures from otherwise polluted numerical results, are developed for two particular elements in two-dimensions and one element in three-dimensions. The automatic pressure filter associated with the penalty method is also explained. Implications regarding the effect of spurious pressure modes on accuracy and ultimate convergence with mesh refinement are discussed and a list of unanswered questions presented. Sufficient numerical examples are discussed to corroborate the theory presented herein.     

UNSTEADY／STEADY NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS ON ARTIFICIAL COMPRESSIBILITY

A mixed algorithm of central and upwind difference scheme for the solution of steady/unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. The algorithm is based on the method of artificial compressibility and uses a third-order flux-difference splitting technique for the convective terms and the second-order central difference for the viscous terms. The numerical flux of semi-discrete equations is computed by using the Roe approximation. Time accuracy is obtained in the numerical solutions by subiterating the equations in pseudotime for each physical time step. The algebraic turbulence model of Baldwin-Lomax is ulsed in this work. As examples, the solutions of flow through two dimensional flat, airfoil, prolate spheroid and cerebral aneurysm are computed and the results are compared with experimental data. The results show that the coefficient of pressure and skin friction are agreement with experimental data, the largest discrepancy occur in the separation region where the lagebraic turbulence model of Baldwin-Lomax could not exactly predict the flow.     

一种高效率弹塑性有限元分析新方法：增量杂交／混合修正弦线模量法

本文在文献[1]给出的放松应力增量平衡约束的修正余能广义变分原理基础上,提出一种高效率的弹塑性有限元分析的新方法——增量杂交/混合修正弦线模量法。该法保持了文[1]方法的全部优点,而在迭代过程中,依据材料的单向拉伸应力—应变关系,不断改变过渡区和塑性区单元柔度矩阵和塑性矩阵中的弹性模量;并在体积压缩模量不变假设下,相应地改变过渡区单元矩阵中的泊松系数。从而大大降低了迭代收敛次数和单刚计算量,提高了多类变量弹塑性有限元分析的计算效率和收敛精度。     

An accurate and fast analysis for strongly interacting multiple crack configurations including kinked (V) and branched (Y) cracks

In this study, multiple interacting cracks in an infinite plate are analyzed to determine the overall stress field as well as stress intensity factors for crack tips and singular wedges at crack kinks. The problem is formulated using integral equations expressed in terms of unknown edge dislocation distributions along crack lines. These distributions derive from an accurate representation of the crack opening displacements using power series basis terms obtained through wedge eigenvalue analysis, which leads to both polynomial and non-polynomial power series. The process is to choose terms of the series and their exponents such that the tractions on the crack faces are virtually zero compared to the far field loading. Applying the method leads to a set of linear algebraic equations to solve for the unknown weighting coefficients for the power series basis terms. Since no numerical integration is required unlike in other methods, in most cases, solution takes just a few seconds on a PC. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are first demonstrated with a simple example of three aligned cracks with small ligaments between their tips under tensile loading. The results are compared to exact results as well as to those of other numerical methods, including recent FIE, FEM and BEM approaches said to have fast computation times. Thereafter, some new and challenging crack interaction problems including branched Y-cracks, two kinked V-cracks are solved. From a parametric study of the various crack configurations, stress intensity factors are graphed and tabulated to demonstrate subtleties in the magnitudes of the crack interactions.     

Mixed finite element for two-dimensional incompressible convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations

In this work, the two-dimensional convective Brinkman-Forchheimer equations are considered. The well-posedness for the variational problem and its mixed finite element approximation is established, and the error estimates based on the conforming approximation are obtained. For the computation, a one-step Newton(or semi-Newton)iteration algorithm initialized using a fixed-point iteration is proposed. Finally, numerical experiments using a Taylor-Hood mixed element built on a structured or unstructured triangular mesh are implemented. The numerical results obtained using the algorithm are compared with the analytic data, and are shown to be in very good agreement. Moreover,the lid-driven problem at Reynolds numbers of 100 and 400 is considered and analyzed.     

Boundary element method for model analysis of 2-D composite structure

The boundary element method is used for the modal analysis of free vibration of 2-D composite structures in this paper. Since the particular solution method is used to treat the terms of body forces (inertial forces) in the equation of motion, only static fundamental solutions are needed in solving the problem. For an isotropic cantilever beam, the numerical results obtained by using the BEM presented in this paper are in good agreement, with, those of using FEM or other BEM, but this BEM can also be used to analyze problems for anisotropic materials. For simply supported composite laminated beams, the comparisons of the numerical reslts obtained by this method with the analytical results obtained by 1-D laminated beam theory indicate that if the ratio of length/thickness is greater than 20, the results of the two methods are in good agreement, but if the ratio of length/thickness is less than 20, big errors will occur for 1-D laminated beam theory.     

Trefftz间接法解自由面渗流问题

渗流问题是岩体水力学研究的重点之一,较常规的有限元法和传统的边界元法而言,Trefftz型边界元法具有程序简单、计算量小及无须奇异积分等特点。本文给出定常和非定常自由面渗流问题的Trefftz解法,计算结果表明,该法收敛性好,结果比较精确。