考虑剪切变形效应的受竖向集中荷载作用的单跨斜梁研究

为解决中、小跨径斜梁结构分析中采用初等梁理论而不考虑剪切变形的影响而导致计算挠度偏小的问题,基于Timoshenko深梁理论的力法及图乘法,推导了考虑剪切变形影响的单跨斜深梁在竖向集中荷载作用下的内力和变形计算公式,并用有限元软件对所推导的计算公式进行了验证。结果表明:本文理论解析结果与有限元结果吻合较好,证明了本文理论公式的正确性。通过对标准A型单跨斜箱梁桥的跨径比、斜交角、平面形状等参数进行分析得到跨径越小、斜交角越大,剪切效应对斜梁挠度的影响越大;剪切效应对平行四边形斜梁的挠度影响最大,对等腰梯形斜梁的挠度影响最小;中、小跨径斜梁桥挠度计算时应采用考虑剪切变形影响的Timoshenko深梁理论,否则会低估挠度结果;所推导的斜深梁桥内力与变形计算公式能方便设计人员的使用,有助于推动斜梁桥计算理论的深化和拓展,丰富了斜梁桥的计算方法。     

剪切流作用下层合梁非线性振动特性研究

针对剪切流中层合梁的大变形非线性振动问题, 采用高阶剪切变形锯齿理论和冯·卡门应变描述层合梁的变形模式和几何非线性效应, 构建了大变形层合梁非线性振动有限元数值模型; 采用基于任意拉格朗日?欧拉方法的有限体积法求解不可压缩黏性流体纳维-斯托克斯方程, 结合层合梁和流体的耦合界面条件建立了剪切流作用下层合梁流固耦合非线性动力学数值模型, 采用分区并行强耦合方法对层合梁的流致非线性振动响应进行了迭代计算. 研究了不同速度分布的剪切流作用下单层梁和多层复合材料梁的振动响应特性, 并验证了本文数值建模方法的有效性. 结果表明: 剪切流作用下单层梁的振动特性与均匀流作用下的情况不同, 梁的运动轨迹受剪切流影响向下偏斜, 随着速度分布系数增加, 尾部流场中的涡结构发生改变; 刚度比对剪切流作用下层合梁的振动特性有显著影响, 随着刚度比的增加, 层合梁振动的振幅增大, 主导频率下降, 运动轨迹由‘8’字形逐渐变得不对称; 发现了不同厚度比和铺层角度情况下, 层合梁存在定点稳定模式、周期极限环振动模式和非周期振动模式三种不同的振动模式, 改变层合梁铺层角度可实现层合梁周期极限环振动模式向非周期振动模式转变.      

厚板振型的正交性

<正> 1.引言厚壁结构的研究是从深梁开始,在本世纪二十年代 Timoshenko 首先考虑了剪切变形影响,建立了深梁基本方程,引起了力学界的重视.随后许多人对深梁基本理论进行深入研究与分析,计算,并从三维弹性理论推导说明了 Timoshenko 梁的正确性,它与精确     

用能量法计算双模量深梁的弯曲挠度

为了得到双模量深梁弯曲变形挠度的实用计算方法,在考虑剪切变形的基础上,采用能量法研究了双模量深梁在外载荷作用下的弯曲变形挠度计算问题,并推导出了双模量深梁弯曲挠度的计算公式.把能量法的挠度计算结果与弹性理论方法的挠度计算结果进行比较,可知用能量法研究双模量深梁的弯曲变形不但计算过程简便,而且计算精度也很高.研究结果表明,双模量深梁的剪切形状因子与双模量材料的拉压弹性模量有关,而各向同性材料深梁的剪切形状因子却与它的弹性模量无关,所以双模量深梁的剪切形状因子与各向同性材料深梁的剪切形状因子有着本质上的区别.     

考虑剪切效应的工字梁弯曲应力比拟杆法

随着工字形短深梁和宽翼缘梁结构的发展,截面非线性剪切变形对弯曲应力的影响愈加突出,导致传统设计中所采用的初等梁理论计算结果误差较大,不再适用。本文基于比拟杆法综合考虑剪切效应,推导出工字形梁横力弯曲应力解析计算公式,并与有限元及现有解析计算方法进行对比分析。结果表明:当跨高比较小,翼缘腹板面积比较大时剪切效应对弯曲变形有显著影响。同时相比于现有解析方法,本文计算结果精度较高且适用范围更广,可用于梁结构设计。     

BAR SIMULATION METHOD FOR BENDING NORMAL STRESS OF I-BEAM IN CONSIDERATION OF SHEAR EFFECT 1)

随着工字形短深梁和宽翼缘梁结构的发展,截面非线性剪切变形对弯曲应力的影响愈加突出,导致传统设计中所采用的初等梁理论计算结果误差较大,不再适用。本文基于比拟杆法综合考虑剪切效应,推导出工字形梁横力弯曲应力解析计算公式,并与有限元及现有解析计算方法进行对比分析。结果表明：当跨高比较小,翼缘腹板面积比较大时剪切效应对弯曲变形有显著影响。同时相比于现有解析方法,本文计算结果精度较高且适用范围更广,可用于梁结构设计。     

具任意脱层复合材料梁的非线性谐波响应

研究了具任意脱层复合材料梁的非线性谐波响应问题。基于弹性理论，建立了考虑剪切变形时的复合材料梁脱层的基本方程式。在空间上采用B样条函数和Galerkin积分法，在时间上采用增量谐波平衡法进行计算。通过实例计算，得出了简谐力作用下的非线性动力响应曲线。认为基谐波振动仍是非线性振动的主要部分。     

一种复合材料旋翼桨叶结构大变形分析方法的改进及验证

提出了一种适用于直升机旋翼复合材料桨叶大变形分析的改进方法。将旋翼桨叶变形分析分解为一维非线性分析和二维剖面特性分析,并考虑横向剪切、翘曲对剖面刚度及弹性耦合的影响;为使方法适用于旋翼气动弹性分析,将应变能中的广义应变用参考轴线处的弹性运动表示,保留所有非线性项,推导出计算复合材料桨叶大变形的公式;采用有限元法处理方程,对梁结构进行了分析,并将大变形状态下的位移计算结果与Princeton梁实验值、Minguet复合材料梁实验值以及中等变形梁理论计算结果进行了比较,验证了大变形状态下本文计算方法的正确性;此外与中等变形梁模型计算结果的对比,验证了本文方法在计算精度上的提高。     

材料力学方法分析接触问题的精度与梁理论的改进

 讨论了材料力学经典梁理论与考虑横向剪切变形的铁摩辛柯梁理论分析接触问题的精度. 通 过计入横向拉压变形效应改进铁摩辛柯梁理论, 获得了与完全三维分析吻合很好的结果. 对 于细长梁, 如果仅计算提起段高度, 经典梁理论已经有足够的精度; 如果计算悬空段长度, 需要采用铁摩辛柯梁理论; 如果计算接触应力, 则需要考虑横向剪切和拉压变形效应, 采用 修正的铁摩辛柯梁理论.     

基于改进三阶剪切梁理论和偶应力理论的梁运动方程

基于改进三阶剪切梁理论和采用偶应力理论考虑梁微元体刚体转动的动能,用哈密顿原理推导了矩形截面梁横向振动的变分一致运动方程.所得运动方程是以梁挠度和横截面的平均转角为基本变量的六阶偏微分方程,并且含有一个材料/结构内禀尺度.通过考虑极限条件下(波长趋于零时)的相速度极值,利用参数匹配法求得梁在横向振动时的内禀尺度.求解了无限长梁的振动波长趋于梁高度时的相速度,所得结果与弹性力学解吻合.计算结果表明,当梁的振动波长趋于梁高度时,偶应力对梁的横向振动频率有较大的影响.同时采用改进三阶剪切梁理论和拟协调元法推导了考虑偶应力效应的两节点梁单元,和求解了不同边界条件下梁的高阶频率.与文献结果对比表明,论文所给梁单元不仅精算效率高,且计算准确.     

A NEW SPATIAL THIN-WALLED BEAM ELEMENT INCLUDING TRANSVERSE AND TORSIONAL SHEAR DEFORMATION

基于Timoshenko梁及Benscoter薄壁杆件理论,建立了考虑剪切变形、弯扭耦合以及翘曲剪应力影响的空间任意开闭口薄壁截面梁单元. 通过引入单元内部结点,对弯曲转角和翘曲角采用三节点Lagrange独立插值的方法,考虑了剪切变形和翘曲剪应力的影响并避免了横向剪切锁死问题;借助载荷作用下薄壁梁的截面运动分析,在位移和应变方程中考虑了弯扭耦合的影响. 通过数值算例将该单元的计算结果与理论解以及商用有限元软件和其他文献中的数值解进行对比和验证,结果对比表明该薄壁梁单元具有良好的精度和收敛性.     

THE SHEAR LAG EFFECT OF BOX BEAMS WITH VARYING LATERAL LOADING LOCATIONS 1)

对箱梁各翼板(顶板、悬臂板、底板)分设不同剪力滞广义纵向位移,其横向分布均取二次抛物线形式,并引入载荷横向位置参数η,以分析载荷横向变位对剪力滞效应的影响.运用能量变分原理,建立剪力滞控制微分方程,求解了简支梁和悬臂梁在均布载荷作用下的控制微分方程的解.算例分析表明:载荷横向变位改变直接承受载荷的翼板的正负剪力滞特性,对非直接承载翼板只改变其应力幅度;箱梁横向框架效应对直接承载翼板纵向应力的贡献远远大于剪切变形.与块体有限元分析结果较吻合,表明该算法能较准确分析载荷横向变位作用下箱梁剪力滞的变化规律.     

Free vibration of functionally graded beams based on both classical and first-order shear deformation beam theories

The free vibration of functionally graded material （FGM） beams is studied based on both the classical and the first-order shear deformation beam theories. The equations of motion for the FGM beams are derived by considering the shear deforma- tion and the axial, transversal, rotational, and axial-rotational coupling inertia forces on the assumption that the material properties vary arbitrarily in the thickness direction. By using the numerical shooting method to solve the eigenvalue problem of the coupled ordinary differential equations with different boundary conditions, the natural frequen- cies of the FGM Timoshenko beams are obtained numerically. In a special case of the classical beam theory, a proportional transformation between the natural frequencies of the FGM and the reference homogenous beams is obtained by using the mathematical similarity between the mathematical formulations. This formula provides a simple and useful approach to evaluate the natural frequencies of the FGM beams without dealing with the tension-bending coupling problem. Approximately, this analogous transition can also be extended to predict the frequencies of the FGM Timoshenko beams. The numerical results obtained by the shooting method and those obtained by the analogous transformation are presented to show the effects of the material gradient, the slenderness ratio, and the boundary conditions on the natural frequencies in detail.     

Higher-order shear beam theories and enriched continuum

The buckling of higher-order shear beam-columns is studied in the light of enriched continuum. We show the equivalence between the enriched kinematics of usual higher-order shear beam theories with the nonlocal and gradient nature of the associated constitutive law. These equivalences are useful for a hierarchical classification of usual beam theories comprising Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko and third-order shear beam theories. A consistent variationnally presentation is derived for all generic theories, leading to meaningful buckling solutions. It is shown that Timoshenko or some other higher-order shear theories can be considered as nonlocal or gradient Euler-Bernoulli theories. The buckling problem of a third-order shear beam-column is analytically studied and treated in the framework of gradient elasticity Timoshenko theory. Some different gradient elasticity Timoshenko models are presented at the end of the paper with available buckling solutions for repetitive structures and microstructured beams.     

饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁的大挠度分析

基于微观不可压饱和多孔介质理论和弹性梁的大挠度变形假设,考虑梁剪切变形效应,在梁轴线不可伸长和孔隙流体仅沿轴向扩散的限定下,建立了饱和多孔弹性Timoshenko梁大挠度弯曲变形的非线性数学模型.在此基础上,利用Galerkin截断法,研究了两端可渗透简支饱和多孔Timoshenko梁在突加均布横向载荷作用下的拟静态弯曲,给出了饱和多孔 Timoshenko梁弯曲变形时固相挠度、弯矩和孔隙流体压力等效力偶等随时间的响应.比较了饱和多孔Timoshenko梁非线性大挠度和线性小挠度理论以及饱和多孔 Euler-Bernoulli梁非线性大挠度理论的结果,揭示了他们间的差异,指出当无量纲载荷参数q＞l0时,应采用饱和多孔Timoshenko梁或Euler-Bernoulli梁的大挠度数学模型进行分析,特别的,当梁长细比λ＜30时,应采用饱和多孔Timoshenko梁大挠度数学模型进行分析.     

THERMAL POST-BUCKLING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL TIMOSHENKO BEAMS

Analysis of thermal post-buckling of FGM (Functionally Graded Material) Timoshenko beams subjected to transversely non-uniform temperature rise is presented. By accurately considering the axial extension and transverse shear deformation in the sense of theory of Timoshenko beam, geometrical nonlinear governing equations including seven basic unknown functions for functionally graded beams subjected to mechanical and thermal loads were formulated. In the analysis, it was assumed that the material properties of the beam vary continuously as a power function of the thickness coordinate. By using a shooting method, the obtained nonlinear boundary value problem was numerically solved and thermal buckling and post-buckling response of transversely non-uniformly heated FGM Timoshenko beams with fixed-fixed edges were obtained. Characteristic curves of the buckling deformation of the beam varying with thermal load and the power law index are plotted. The effects of material gradient property on the buckling deformation and critical temperature of beam were discussed in details. The results show that there exists the tension-bend coupling deformation in the uniformly heated beam because of the transversely non-uniform characteristic of materials.     

Stochastic response of an axially loaded composite Timoshenko beam exhibiting bending–torsion coupling

A spectral finite element method is proposed to investigate the stochastic response of an axially loaded composite Timoshenko beam with solid or thin-walled closed section exhibiting bending–torsion materially coupling under the stochastic excitations with stationary and ergodic properties. The effects of axial force, shear deformation (SD) and rotary inertia (RI) as well as bending–torsion coupling are considered in the present study. First, the damped general governing differential equations of motion of an axially loaded composite Timoshenko beam are derived. Then, the spectral finite element formulation is developed in the frequency domain using the dynamic shape functions based on the exact solutions of the governing equations in undamped free vibration, which is used to compute the mean square displacement response of axially loaded composite Timoshenko beams. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by its application to a specific example to investigate the effects of bending–torsion coupling, axial force, SD and RI on the stochastic response of the composite beam.     

从一个怪例看细长梁理论的基本假定

分别采用欧拉和铁木辛柯梁理论分析了均匀分布力偶作用下的两端固支等截面匀质细长 梁, 并通过ABAQUS有限元分析了一个实例, 验证了铁木辛柯梁理论分析的结果. 对比证明在 这种载荷及边界条件下即使细长梁, 也必须考虑剪切效应的影响.     

复合材料叠层梁和金属梁的固有振动特性

对根据三种梁理论得到的金属梁和复合材料叠层梁的固有振动特性进行了对比性的研究对常用的三种梁理论在弹性碰撞分析中的应用进行了分析和比较     

Vibration analysis of a stepped laminated composite Timoshenko beam

The goal of this study is to investigate the vibration characteristics of a stepped laminated composite Timoshenko beam. Based on the first order shear deformation theory, flexural rigidity and transverse shearing rigidity of a laminated beam are determined. In order to account for the effect of shear deformation and rotary inertia of the stepped beam, Timoshenko beam theory is then used to deduce the frequency function. Graphs of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a T300/970 laminated stepped beam are given, in order to illustrate the influence of step location parameter exerts on the dynamic behavior of the beam.