水/气多介质问题的界面处理方法

针对不可压缩可压缩水/气多介质问题, 提出一种新的界面处理方法。在可压缩水/气界面处构造Riemann问题, 在水中设音速趋于无穷大, 求解Riemann问题得到不可压缩可压缩水/气界面处流体的准确流动状态; 然后以此状态结合GFM(ghost fluid method)方法分别为2种流体定义界面边界条件, 将两相流问题转化为单相流问题计算, 通过求解level set方程来跟踪界面的位置。对各种不同的界面边界条件定义方法进行了比较, 数值模拟结果表明算法能准确地捕捉各类间断的位置, 证明了算法的有效性和稳健性。     

激波作用下三维涡的形成及其界面捕捉计算

针对三维多介质可压缩流体,给出了可压缩多介质流体三维高精度数值计算方法,以及界面捕捉方程和带重新初始化的三维LevelSet方法,对初始压力间断和密度间断条件形成激波、接触间断以及稀疏波的三维复杂流场相互作用情况进行数值计算,给出流场中涡的形成过程和界面位置。并对计算方法进行理论验证。     

可压缩多介质流动的间断有限元方法

采用间断有限元方法、LS方法和通量装配技术相结合,建立了一种计算可压缩多介质流动的有效 方法。计算中以光滑Heavside函数构造流体比热比和重新初始化方程中的符号距离函数,并采用通量装配 技术抑制界面附近的非物理振荡。为解决可压缩多介质流动提供一种新的手段。     

多流体界面不稳定性的守恒和非守恒高精度数值模拟方法

对多流体界面问题守恒和非守恒格式(M)WENO重构方法进行探讨,采用虚拟流动方法并用Level-Set函数捕捉界面的运动变化。数值模拟结果表明本文的数值方法具有较高的分辨率,并能有效地抑制界面附近的非物理振荡。     

一种追踪多介质流体界面运动的NND数值模拟方法

把界面捕捉等效方程、Level-Set方程和欧拉方程组耦合,在Stiffened状态方程下,采用高分辨率NND格式求解流体力学方程组并用Level-Set函数捕捉界面的位置。对二维情况下激波和气泡相互作用的问题进行数值模拟,并与波传算法的模拟结果进行比较。计算结果表明该方法能有效的抑制间断附近的非物理振荡,有很强的捕捉界面的能力。     

Level Set方法在地面效应数值模拟中的应用

利用Level Set方法隐式捕捉界面并能处理复杂的物质界面及其拓扑结构变化（如合并、交叉、破碎等）情况的优势,基于可压缩N-S方程的预处理技术,采用基于界面两侧介质黎曼关系的修正虚拟流体方法对介质边界进行处理;将只能应用于可压缩流动界面模拟的修正虚拟流体方法推广应用于不可压缩流动问题的模拟,数值模拟了气-水运动界面与近水面飞行器的相互影响规律。通过与将水面视为对称面的简化模型对比发现：利用自由运动界面模型计算的NACA6409翼型升力较小,能更准确地反映飞行器流场对水面形状的影响,其结果更为符合实际;文中还对比了翼型距水面不同高度时的结果,得到了翼型受水面影响的强弱与翼型距水面的高度成反比的结论。     

多介质可压缩流体动力学界面捕捉方法

研究多介质流界面捕捉方法的主要目的是消除多介质流体在界面处压力、速度可能出现的非物理振荡现象 ,并通过流体动力学方程和界面捕捉方程的耦合 ,将多介质流体动力学计算形式上转化为单介质流体计算 ,从而可以采用对计算单介质有效的高精度计算方法来处理多介质流动问题。推广了Shyue界面捕捉和其等效方程的推导方法 ,给出的结果可以适用于具有状态方程 p =( ,e,a1 , ,an) +( ,e,b1 , ,bn)e的介质 ,并通过了数值试验验证。     

多介质流体非守恒律欧拉方程组的数值计算方法

对多介质流体在界面处满足的Euler方程进行了探讨,方程组中增加了描述材料参数间断性质的对流形式非守恒律方程组 .以波传播算法为基础,通过Roe方程近似求解Riemann问题,同时采用相同的数值差分格式求解流体动力学Euler方程组和界面方程组.该方法可以有效消除多介质流体在界面处压力、速度可能出现的非物理振荡.给出了部分典型一维和二维数值计算结果.     

多介质流体非守恒律欧拉方程组的数值计算方法

对多介质流体在界面处满足的Euler方程进行了探讨 ,方程组中增加了描述材料参数间断性质的对流形式非守恒律方程组。以波传播算法为基础 ,通过Roe方程近似求解Riemann问题 ,同时采用相同的数值差分格式求解流体动力学Euler方程组和界面方程组。该方法可以有效消除多介质流体在界面处压力、速度可能出现的非物理振荡。给出了部分典型一维和二维数值计算结果。     

一种基于黎曼解处理大密度比多相流SPH的改进算法

多相流界面存在密度、黏性等物理场间断,直接采用传统光滑粒子水动力学(smoothedparticle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法进行数值模拟,界面附近的压力和速度存在震荡.一套基于黎曼解能够处理大密度比的多相流SPH计算模型被提出,该模型利用黎曼解在处理接触间断问题方面的优势,将黎曼解引入到SPH多相流计算模型中,为了能够准确求解多相流体物理黏性、减小黎曼耗散,对黎曼形式的SPH动量方程进行了改进,又将Adami固壁边界与黎曼单侧问题相结合来施加多相流SPH固壁边界,同时模型中考虑了表面张力对小尺度异相界面的影响,该模型没有添加任何人工黏性、人工耗散和非物理人工处理技术,能够反应多相流真实物理黏性和物理演变状态.采用该模型首先对三种不同粒子间距离散下方形液滴震荡问题进行了数值模拟,验证了该模型在处理异相界面的正确性和模型本身的收敛性;后又通过对Rayleigh--Taylor不稳定、单气泡上浮、双气泡上浮问题进行了模拟计算,结果与文献对比吻合度高,异相界面捕捉清晰,结果表明,本文改进的多相流SPH模型能够稳定、有效的模拟大密度比和黏性比的多相流问题.      

A solution adaptive simulation of compressible multi‐fluid flows with general equation of state

The unstructured quadrilateral mesh‐based solution adaptive method is proposed in this article for simulation of compressible multi‐fluid flows with a general form of equation of state (EOS). The five equation model (J. Comput. Phys. 2002; 118 :577–616) is employed to describe the compressible multi‐fluid flows. To preserve the oscillation‐free property of velocity and pressure across the interface, the non‐conservative transport equation is discretized in a compatible way of the HLLC scheme for the conservative Euler equations on the unstructured quadrilateral cell‐based adaptive mesh. Five numerical examples, including an interface translation problem, a shock tube problem with two fluids, a solid impact problem, a two‐dimensional Riemann problem and a bubble explosion under free surface, are used to examine its performance in solving the various compressible multi‐fluid flow problems with either the same types of EOS or different types of EOS. The results are compared with those calculated by the following methods: the method with ROE scheme (J. Comput. Phys. 2002; 118 :577–616), the seven equation model (J. Comput. Phys. 1999; 150 :425–467), Shyue's fluid‐mixture model (J. Comput. Phys. 2001; 171 :678–707) or the method in Liu et al. (Comp. Fluids 2001; 30 :315–337). The comparisons for the test problems show that the proposed method seems to be more accurate than the method in Allaire et al. (J. Comput. Phys. 2002; 118 :577–616) or the seven‐equation model (J. Comput. Phys. 1999; 150 :425–467). They also show that it can adaptively and accurately solve these compressible multi‐fluid problems and preserve the oscillation‐free property of pressure and velocity across the material interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A hybrid pressure‐based solver for nonideal single‐phase fluid flows at all speeds

This paper describes the implementation of a numerical solver that is capable of simulating compressible flows of nonideal single‐phase fluids. The proposed method can be applied to arbitrary equations of state and is suitable for all Mach numbers. The pressure‐based solver uses the operator‐splitting technique and is based on the PISO/SIMPLE algorithm: the density, velocity, and temperature fields are predicted by solving the linearized versions of the balance equations using the convective fluxes from the previous iteration or time step. The overall mass continuity is ensured by solving the pressure equation derived from the continuity equation, the momentum equation, and the equation of state. Nonphysical oscillations of the numerical solution near discontinuities are damped using the Kurganov‐Tadmor/Kurganov‐Noelle‐Petrova (KT/KNP) scheme for convective fluxes. The solver was validated using different test cases, where analytical and/or numerical solutions are present or can be derived: (1) A convergent‐divergent nozzle with three different operating conditions; (2) the Riemann problem for the Peng‐Robinson equation of state; (3) the Riemann problem for the covolume equation of state; (4) the development of a laminar velocity profile in a circular pipe (also known as Poiseuille flow); (5) a laminar flow over a circular cylinder; (6) a subsonic flow over a backward‐facing step at low Reynolds numbers; (7) a transonic flow over the RAE 2822 airfoil; and (8) a supersonic flow around a blunt cylinder‐flare model. The spatial approximation order of the scheme is second order. The mesh convergence of the numerical solution was achieved for all cases. The accuracy order for highly compressible flows with discontinuities is close to first order and, for incompressible viscous flows, it is close to second order. The proposed solver is named rhoPimpleCentralFoam and is implemented in the open‐source CFD library OpenFOAM^®. For high speed flows, it shows a similar behavior as the KT/KNP schemes (implemented as rhoCentralFoam‐solver, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2010), and for flows with small Mach numbers, it behaves like solvers that are based on the PISO/SIMPLE algorithm.     

A CWENO ghost fluid method for compressible multimaterial flow

In this work a new ghost fluid method (GFM) is introduced for multimaterial compressible flow with arbitrary equation of states. In previous researches, it has been shown that accurate wave decomposition at the interface by solving a Riemann problem alleviates the shortcomings of the standard GFM in dealing with the impingement of strong waves onto the interface but these Riemann‐based GFM are not consistent with the framework of the central WENO scheme in which the emphasis is to avoid solving Riemann problems at control volume faces and enjoy the black box property (being independent of equation of state). The aim of this work is to develop a new GFM that is completely consistent with the methodology behind central schemes; that is, it enjoys a black box property. The capabilities of the proposed GFM method is shown by solving various types of multimaterial compressible flows including gas–gas, gas–water and fluid–solid interfaces interacting with strong shock waves in one and two space dimensions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A mass‐fraction‐based interface‐capturing method for multi‐component flow

An interface‐capturing method based on mass fraction is developed to solve the Riemann problem in multi‐component compressible flow. Equations of mass fraction with modified form, which is derived from conservative equations of mass, are employed here to capture the interface. By introducing mass fraction into Euler equations system, as well as other conservative coefficients, a quasi‐conservative numerical model is created. Numerical examples show that the mass fraction model performs well not only in multi‐component fluids modeled by simple stiffened gas equation of state (EOS) but also in that modeled by complex Mie–Grüneisen EOS. Moreover, the mass fraction model is applied to Riemann problem with piecewise EOS; the expression of which depends on density. It is found that the mass fraction model can well adapt to the analytic change in piecewise EOS and produce accuracy solutions with fewer unknown quantities, and the model can be easily extended to m‐component fluid mixture by using only m + 4 equations with no additional conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空气自由场中强爆炸冲击波传播二维数值模拟

编写了适用于模拟具有高密度比、高压力比的强激波问题的二维柱对称多介质流体计算程序。利用有限体积方法求解流体的Euler方程组,采用level set方法捕捉爆炸产物与空气的运动界面,并通过求解物质界面两侧Riemann问题的精确解来计算爆炸产物与空气之间的数值通量。研制了三角形网格自适应技术来实现网格的自动加密和粗化,在保证捕捉激波峰值的前提下有效地提高了计算效率。利用计算程序对1 kt TNT当量的空气自由场强爆炸问题进行数值模拟,计算得到的峰值超压、冲击波到达时间等物理参数与点爆炸理论结果基本一致。     

欧拉坐标系下具有锐利相界面的可压缩多介质流动数值方法研究

可压缩多介质流动问题的数值模拟在国防和工业领域内均具有重要的研究价值,诸如武器设计、爆炸安全防护等,通常具有大变形、高度非线性等特点,是一项极具挑战性的研究课题. 本文提出了一种基于 Euler 坐标系的非结构网格、具有锐利相界面的二维和三维守恒型多介质流动数值方法,可用于模拟可压缩流体和弹塑性固体在极端物理条件下的大变形动力学行为. 利用分片线性的水平集函数重构出单纯形网格内分段线性的相界面,并在混合网格内构建出具有多种介质的相界面几何结构,理论上可以处理全局任意种介质、局部 3 种介质的多介质流动问题. 利用传统的有限体积格式来计算单元边界上同种介质间的数值通量,并通过在相界面法向上求解局部一维多介质 Riemann 问题的精确解来计算不同介质间的数值通量,保证了相界面上的通量守恒. 提出了一种非结构网格上的单元聚合算法,消除了由于网格被相界面分割成较小碎片、违反 CFL 条件,进而可能带来数值不稳定的问题. 针对一维多介质 Riemann 问题、激波与气泡相互作用问题、浅埋爆炸问题、空中强爆炸冲击波和典型坑道内冲击波传播问题开展了数值模拟研究,将计算结果与相关的理论、实验结果进行比对,验证了数值方法的正确性和可靠性.      

Difference scheme for two-phase flow

A numerical method for two-phase flow with hydrodynamics behavior was considered. The nonconservative hyperbolic governing equations proposed by Saurel and Gallout were adopted. Dissipative effects were neglected but they could be included in the model without major difficulties. Based on the opinion proposed by Abgrall that “a two phase system, uniform in velocity and pressure at t = 0 will be uniform on the same variable during its temporal evolution“, a simple accurate and fully Eulerian numerical method was presented for the simulation of multiphase compressible flows in hydrodynamic regime. The numerical method relies on Godunov-typescheme, with HLLC and Lax-Friedrichs type approximate Riemann solvers for the resolution of conservation equations, and nonconservative equation. Speed relaxation and pressure relaxation processes were introduced to account for the interaction between the phases. Test problem was presented in one space dimension which illustrated that our scheme is accurate, stable and oscillation free.     

Treatment of interface problems with Godunov-type schemes

A correction is proposed of Godunov-type schemes, yielding a perfect capture of contact discontinuities in hydrodynamic flows. The correction method is based upon the following simple idea: If an Euler scheme is employed starting from a non-degraded solution at a certain instant of time, the presence of a discontinuity will entail, at the next instant, the degradation of the solution at the two points adjacent to the discontinuity only. On the other hand, an exact solution of the Riemann problem yields the state variables at the nodes affected by numerical diffusion can be corrected. The method is applied to problems involving a gas-liquid interface. The liquid is supposed to be compressible, obeying an equation of state of the “Stiffened Gas” type, for which a solution to Riemann's problem is readily obtained.     

七方程可压缩多相流模型的HLLC格式及应用

针对Saurel和Abgrall提出的两速度两压力的七方程可压缩多相流模型,改进了其数值解法并应用于模拟可压缩多介质流动问题.在Saurel等的算子分裂法基础上,根据Abgrall的多相流系统应满足速度和压力的均匀性不随时间改变的思想,推导了与HLLC格式一致的非守恒项离散格式以及体积分数发展方程的迎风格式.进一步,通过改变分裂步顺序,构造了稳健的结合算子分裂的三阶TVD龙格-库塔方法.最后通过几个一维和二维高密度比高压力比气液两相流算例,显示了该方法在计算精度和稳健性上的改进效果.