基于任意四边形单元的约束阻尼板的模态分析

约束层阻尼技术目前广泛应用于薄壁结构的减振降噪中,关于约束阻尼板的有限元分析基本采用矩形或三角形单元,但用于模拟不规则形状结构时,会带来形状拟合上的困难或精度上的不足。基于离散Kirchhoff理论和Layer-wise层合板理论,利用Hamilton原理推导了约束阻尼板的任意四边形单元,并在此基础上考虑粘弹性材料本构的频率相关性,给出了约束阻尼结构复特征值问题的迭代求解算法。数值算例对不同形状的约束阻尼板结构进行了模态分析,通过与解析解、实验结果及有限元结果的对比,表明了本文单元的有效性和对不规则形状结构的适用性。     

圆形空心截面约束层阻尼梁整体单元建模与振动分析

增加阻尼对结构振动抑制具有很重要的意义,为克服三维有限元建模单元数量较大的问题,采用整体单元方法求解圆形空心截面约束阻尼梁的拉伸、弯曲和扭转振动。分析结果同三维有限元分析结果作了比较,证明了该方法的可行性,为圆形截面构件组成的刚架和桁架结构约束阻尼层振动抑制分析提供了简单的计算方法。     

主动约束层阻尼结构的数值分析方法

采用板的一阶剪切理论（ＦＯＳＴ），利用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理推导了分布式主动约束层阻尼结构的有限元控制方程。作为算例，应用模态应变能（ＭＳＥ）方法研究了一边固支板的主动约束层阻尼振动控制，分析了控制系统中阻尼层厚度及反馈增益对振动控制效果的影响。     

主动约束阻尼板压电层电压拓扑优化研究

建立主动约束层阻尼板有限元模型,以结构模态阻尼比最大化为目标函数,压电层总电能消耗为约束条件,压电层单元控制电压为设计变量,对主动约束层阻尼板压电层电压进行了拓扑优化,获得了压电层电压最优拓扑分布。通过引入虚拟设计变量,将压电层电压控制不连续问题转化为连续问题。考虑实际工程应用的需要,采用指数函数对电压中间变量进行惩罚。在灵敏度分析基础上,采用移动渐进线(MMA)法,求解了主动约束层阻尼板电压拓扑优化问题。数值算例证实了电压拓扑优化模型以及数值求解方法的有效性。     

过渡约束阻尼板阻尼特性分析

过渡层的存在增加了阻尼层与基层间的距离,能进一步放大阻尼层的剪切变形,使得过渡约束阻尼板具有良好的减振效果。基于薄板理论和粘弹性理论,考虑基层与过渡层、过渡层与阻尼层、阻尼层与约束层间的法向和切向相互作用力及过渡层、阻尼层材料的剪切耗能作用,推导出了过渡约束阻尼板在外谐激励下的一阶矩阵振动控制常微分方程;将齐次扩容精细积分法应用于方程求解,为研究过渡约束阻尼结构阻尼特性提供了一种半解析方法;通过算例与有限元方法对比,其误差最大不超过5%,从而验证了该方法的可靠性,为过渡约束阻尼板的结构设计、阻尼特性及相关参数分析提供了新的思路和参考。     

蜂窝锥壳卫星适配器约束阻尼层振动抑制分析

主要研究在蜂窝锥壳卫星适配器上附加约束阻尼来抑制锥壳传递振动。尽管约束阻尼方面的研究很多，但是大多数都是针对简单的梁或者板结构，而对复杂蜂窝锥壳结构的振动抑制问题研究还很少；为此，通过对蜂窝壳的等效化处理和约束阻尼结构的有限元建模理论分析，建立起卫星一适配器结构在有无附加约束阻尼情况下的有限元模型，进一步通过模态分析和频响分析，得到不同约束阻尼层设计参数对结构振动抑制影响规律。分析结果对于经济有效的设计约束阻尼层和结构减振减重具有较好的参考价值。     

阻尼夹层筋板结构有限元动力分析

在小变形线弹性理论基础上，导出了粘弹性阻尼夹层筋板壳结构的有限元动力方程，构造了壳单元、阻尼夹层壳单元和开口薄壁梁单元。采用这些单元可以很好地模拟具有不连续阻尼夹层处理的筋板壳结构。数值分析采用［３］中提出的两次渐近法。通过一块阻尼加筋板的特征分析和振动测量，证实了所建立的有限元两次渐近法的良好精度和广泛的工程适用性。     

基于Layerwise离散层理论的复合材料夹层板屈曲分析

复合材料夹层结构由于面板和芯层力学特性差异较大,屈曲分析时要分层考虑各层的剪切变形。基于Reddy的Layerwise离散层理论,假设每一层变形服从一阶剪切变形理论,在统一的位移场描述下,推导建立了一种用于复合材料夹层结构屈曲分析的四节点四边形板单元,并采用混合插值方法对单元的剪切锁定进行了修正。分别对三种典型的夹层板结构进行线性屈曲有限元分析,并将计算结果与文献中已有结果进行了对比。结果表明：本文的分析方法能离散考虑各层的力学特性,将结构离散为多层时,计算结果与三维弹性理论或高阶板理论吻合;将结构等效为单层时,计算结果与基于一阶剪切变形理论的文献结构吻合,验证了单元的有效性。     

航天支架结构的被动振动控制

重点研究了航天支架结构的被动振动控制问题。在约束阻尼层有限元模型理论分析的基础上，对未附加约束阻尼层的支架计算模态和试验模态进行了相关性分析，制定出被动振动控制策略；通过分析附加约束阻层后支架计算模态和试验模态相关性，建立了有效的支架有限元模型，进一步用于各种情况的动态响应计算和分析。计算了实验结果表明，该控制策略取得了很好的减振效果，为同类结构振动控制问题提供了一个良好的模型参考。     

圆形截面约束阻尼梁整体有限元建模与振动分析

为克服约束阻尼结构在工程应用中存在的由三维有限元建模造成的单元数目巨大的问题,本文提出了圆形实心截面梁附加约束阻尼层横向振动的整体有限元建模方法,并基于此模型,研究了材料的物理属性和几何因子对这类结构的固有频率的影响。通过与三维有限元解法相比较,证明了该方法的可行性与正确性,并给出了该方法的适用范围。     

约束层阻尼板动力学问题的半解析解

利用条形传递函数方法(SDTFM)得到了约束层阻尼(CLD)板动力学问题的半解析解.首先对CLD板沿纵向离散成多个条形单元,基于Hamilton原理推导出条形单元的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,仿照有限元法组集得到系统的总刚度矩阵和总质量矩阵.经Laplace变换后引入状态向量,采用分布参数传递函数方法在状态空间内建立CLD板的控制方程并进行求解.最后以对边固支和悬臂CLD板为例,得到了板的动力学特性和频响曲线,并与NASTRAN或相关文献结果进行了比较,吻合良好,验证了该方法的有效性.从推导过程和算例可以看出,该方法所需的单元数目少,获得的是半解析解,计算效率高且准确可靠.     

四种不同约束形式隔板式铅耗能器的试验研究

铅耗能器主要利用金属铅塑性耗能,是一种构造简单、耗能性能优良而又经济的耗能减震元件。本文提出了一种隔板式铅耗能器。根据其构造和耗能原理,设计了四种不同约束形式的耗能元件,并通过EHF-EM电液伺服疲劳试验机进行了低周循环试验,分析了这四种约束形式对隔板式铅耗能器的力学性能与耗能性能的影响,揭示了其耗能机制。研究结果表明:隔板式铅耗能器主要具有屈服位移小、造价低廉、构造简单、工作性能稳定、耗能性能优良的特点,在建筑结构和大型机械减振控制方面具有广泛的应用前景;对比分析表明,其中B型耗能器力学性能尤为优越,耗能能力大且随位移增大刚度增强,同时对结构振动还具有限位功能。     

复合材料层合板的摄动随机Cell-Based光滑有限元

随机性是实际工程结构的固有特性,如何更真实地描述含随机参数结构的随机响应及统计特性,对工程结构的可靠性设计具有非常重要的意义。本文基于Cell-Based光滑有限元,采用四边形单元,推导了基于一阶剪切变形理论的复合材料层合板的光滑有限元公式,降低了网格划分要求,适应不规则网格,并采用离散剪切间隙有效地消除了剪切自锁;结合摄动法和随机场理论,导出了复合材料层合板的摄动随机光滑有限元平衡方程,并给出了结构随机响应数字特征的计算公式,求解了材料属性含随机性的复合材料层合板的随机响应问题,数值算例结果表明了本方法的有效性和准确性。     

轴向运动二维传输结构动力学有限元建模与仿真

基于物理中面概念和经典薄板理论，应用有限元法研究了机械工程中的二维传输结构作轴向运动时的面外自由振动特性．根据实际工程结构特点及设计要点，考虑受双向预张应力作用的传输薄板结构模型，由哈密顿原理出发严格导出了结构的有限元动力学方程，得到了体现轴向传输结构特性的陀螺矩阵．该矩阵具有反对称结构，这与加权余量法所得的陀螺矩阵结构不同．采用3 节点三角形单元离散求解域，且单元不受轴向运动影响，给出了单元密度对计算结果精度的影响．分析了传输结构预张应力和轴向速度与自由振动固有频率的关系；考察了不同结构的陀螺矩阵对数值结果的影响．将部分结果与ANSYS 软件模拟对比，显示出良好的一致性，证明了本文方法的有效性．研究结果可为典型传输带等结构的振动控制提供参考，建模方法可为ANSYS等计算软件添加轴向运动结构新模块提供理论依据．     

复合材料层合厚板锯齿理论及有限元分析

对于较厚复合材料弯曲问题,已有锯齿型厚板理论最大误差超过35%。为了合理地分析较厚复合材料弯曲问题,发展了准确高效的锯齿型厚板理论。此理论位移变量个数独立于层合板层数,其面内位移不含有横向位移一阶导数,构造有限元时仅需C0插值函数,故称此理论为C0型锯齿厚板理论。基于发展的锯齿理论,构造了六节点三角形单元并推导了复合材料层合/夹层板弯曲问题有限元列式。为验证C0型锯齿厚板理论性能,分析了复合材料层合/夹层厚板弯曲问题,并与已有C1型锯齿理论对比。结果表明,本文的C0型锯齿厚板理论最大误差15%,比已有锯齿型厚板理论准确高效。     

Structural–acoustic sensitivity analysis of radiated sound power using a finite element/ discontinuous fast multipole boundary element scheme

The complete interaction between the structural domain and the acoustic domain needs to be considered in many engineering problems, especially for the acoustic analysis concerning thin structures immersed in water. This study employs the finite element method to model the structural parts and the fast multipole boundary element method to model the exterior acoustic domain. Discontinuous higher‐order boundary elements are developed for the acoustic domain to achieve higher accuracy in the coupling analysis. Structural–acoustic design sensitivity analysis can provide insights into the effects of design variables on radiated acoustic performance and thus is important to the structural–acoustic design and optimization processes. This study is the first to formulate equations for sound power sensitivity on structural surfaces based on an adjoint operator approach and equations for sound power sensitivity on arbitrary closed surfaces around the radiator based on the direct differentiation approach. The design variables include fluid density, structural density, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, and structural shape/size. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the proposed algorithm. Different types of coupled continuous and discontinuous boundary elements with finite elements are used for the numerical solution, and the performances of the different types of finite element/continuous and discontinuous boundary element coupling are presented and compared in detail. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Static Finite Element Validation of a Flexible Micro Air Vehicle

The flexible-wing approach has proven to be a successful method for designing micro air vehicles. The wing’s passive deformation under wind loads can allow for gust rejection, delayed stall, or improved longitudinal stability. As such, an accurate structural model of the flexible wing can provide greater understanding of the aforementioned phenomena. This paper seeks to formulate a static finite element wing model, with a particular emphasis on accuracy. The wing is broken into three different types of elements: beams, plates, and membranes. Individual element types are characterized and validated by constructing simple structures from the appropriate material, and then comparing experimental and numerical deformation fields. Experimental results are found through a visual image correlation system. The elements are then combined to form the complete wing model, which is also validated through experiments. The resulting finite element model is found to be very accurate, able to predict the complicated structural response of a composite wing. Due to observations made during standard wind tunnel testing, the structural response of a typical membrane MAV wing in steady level pre-stall flight is thought to be quasi-static. As such, the finite element model formulated in this work will be indispensable towards future numerical static aeroelastic optimization research efforts aimed at improving the efficiency, agility, and sensitivity of practical micro air vehicles.     

非规则区域中拉普拉斯方程的有限分析5点格式

建立了非规则区域的有限分析5点格式,增加了有限分析法对不规则边界的适应性。应用所提出的方法对水利工程中常见的有压和无压流动进行了计算,与实验和前人的计算结果相比较,本文的方法都能得到较为满意的结果。本文的计算格式也可以应用到其他非规则区域的计算中。     

功能梯度材料板件三维分析的半解析梯度有限元法

将半解析有限元与梯度有限元相结合,形成一种半解析梯度有限元来求解功能梯度材料板件问题。该方法兼有有限元法的适应性强、程序统一,半解析有限元法的节省单元与计算工作量,梯度有限元法的适应构件内部材料性能任意梯度分布等特点,并实现用一维数值计算给出构件三维分析结果。算例分析表明了方法的精度、功能与上述特点,充分揭示了功能梯度材料板件力学响应的三维形态。半解析梯度有限元法可推广应用到其他功能梯度材料面结构的各类分析中。     

Identification of dynamic properties of plate-like structures by using a continuum model

The common approach currently used in the aircraft structural analysis is the finite element method. NASA's research in computational structures technology (CST) is helping to develop the finite element analysis to a new stage, although the significant limitations still exist. The elements used in the finite element method are usually void of dynamics. The consequence is that hundreds and thousands of elements are needed to represent large flexible aircraft structures in order to acquire analytical accuracy. To avoid the large dimensionality the current practice is to reduce the order of the model for structural system identification and control synthesis. This approximation, however, can lead to system instability due to the dynamics which are ignored.In contrast, distributed parameter modeling seems to offer a viable alternative to the finite element approach for modeling large flexible aerospace structures. Distributed parameter models have the advantage of improved accuracy, reduced number of modal parameters, and the avoidance of modal order reduction. Most of the effort on the continuum modeling so far is contributed to the beam-like structures which are composed of beams, tethers and rigid bodies. For the aircraft structural analysis, however, another important type of structural elements is plate. The principle of the monocoque or semi-monocoque type of aircraft construction is fundamentally the use of a thin-walled tube to carry compression, tension, shear, and bending. It is necessary, therefore, to expand the continuum modeling methodology to the plate-like structures to satisfy the requirement in the aircraft structural analysis, especially for the monocoque structures.This paper has developed a continuum modeling algorithm for the identification of dynamic properties of plate-like structures. A closed-form solution of the Timoshenko plate equation consistent with the maximum likelihood estimator has been derived. The closed-form expressions of the gradient functions have thereby been resulted from the solution of the partial differential equation. The proposed distributed parameter model involves far fewer unknown parameters than independent modal characteristics for finite element models. Illustration of this approach is given by a computer simulation which shows that the estimated results by using continuum model are reasonably accurate compared with the theoretical results.