孤立两叶螺旋桨风洞试验准定常数值模拟

为研究某型两叶螺旋桨的气动性能,对某型两叶螺旋桨进行了风洞试验及计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟。通过求解多重参考坐标系(MRF)模型下的准定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,计算了直径为960mm的某型两叶木质螺旋桨静态和动态的气动特性。并在西北工业大学NF-3风洞的三元试验段获得了该螺旋桨桨叶的拉力、扭矩、功率等气动性能数据。螺旋桨风洞试验与CFD数值模拟对比验证表明:基于MRF模型的数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果具有一致性,两者的螺旋桨拉力的偏差控制在5%以内,扭矩的偏差控制在10%以内,拉力功率比的偏差控制在6.08%以内,证明了CFD数值模拟对螺旋桨气动性能预测的准确性。本文可为通用电动飞机螺旋桨的设计与模拟验证提供参考。     

螺旋桨滑流对飞行器气动特性的影响机理研究

通过基于有限体积的CFD数值方法研究了MA60飞机螺旋桨滑流对于该飞行器的气动特性影响机理。为了高效计算、准确描述螺旋桨的旋转运动产生的非定常流场,本文采用嵌套网格技术来实现这一过程,有效避免了螺旋桨运动过程中产生的网格变形失效等问题。数值模拟结果表明:滑流非定常计算的表面气动压力可以很好地与实验结果吻合;螺旋桨滑流状态的非定常气动力与定常计算的结果有较大差异,螺旋桨具有较大的拉力且为同向旋转,产生不对称的气动载荷,导致飞机的升力增大,侧向力增大,并且产生正的滚转力矩和负的偏航力矩。本文研究表明,在该类型飞行器设计过程中,考虑滑流影响可以更加准确地描述飞行过程中的气动载荷。     

某型水陆两栖飞机水面高速滑行振动研究

某型水陆两栖飞机在某次试飞过程中的水面高速滑行阶段出现海豚运动和机翼振动的异常现象,针对该现象展开原因分析研究。首先,建立飞机结构动力学有限元模型,研究弹性体飞机的固有动力特性;然后,建立双质量弹簧系统模型,结合水动力学研究飞机在水面滑行的运动特性;最后,结合飞机固有动力特性和水面高速滑行运动特性,分析飞机在水面高速滑行过程中机翼产生异常振动的原因。研究结果表明：飞机着水时因着水姿态以及自身静稳性等因素发生海豚运动;在某个运动时刻,当运动固有频率与机翼的一阶弹性模态频率耦合导致机翼振动。研究结果既为后续研究异常避免措施以及保证滑行试飞安全,提供了理论依据;也为水陆两栖飞机振动设计以及水面高速滑行振动分析提供了一种研究思路。     

某型电动飞机气动特性数值模拟与风洞实验

为了验证某型大展弦比电动飞机气动设计的合理性以及为飞行性能及品质计算提供数据,采用有限体积法离散求解三维可压雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,并选用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型对该电动飞机流场进行CFD数值模拟。结果表明,该型电动飞机气动设计合理,巡航速度升阻比最高可达23,具有较高气动效率;通过CFD数值模拟得到了全机升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比。为了验证CFD计算结果,对该型电动飞机进行了缩比模型风洞实验,结果显示,CFD数值模拟法计算结果与风洞实验结果高度吻合,说明CFD计算结果准确。该方法可为大展弦比电动飞机气动设计提供指导。     

复式减振支架的分析

船舶运输中船体振荡一般不大,所装货品只要作好包装,用不着减振器。飞机上的仪表和电子设备(以下简称仪表)则由于飞行中的振动,必须安装在减振支架上以免损坏。这类减振支架与仪表的组合,固有频率比较低,可以消除高频振动的不良后果。如果把飞机放在船上,则船上的低频振动(例如螺旋桨转动引起的振动)可能与飞机的仪表支承系统     

输液曲管平面内振动的波动方法研究

采用Flügge曲梁模拟弯曲管道,推导了管内流体的加速度,在总体轴线不可伸长假定的基础上建立了曲管平面内振动的动力学方程;采用波动方法,获得了曲管内振动波的传播和反射矩阵,提出了计算曲管平面内振动固有频率的数值方法。算例分析中,通过计算两端固定半圆形曲管的临界流速并与已有文献结果对比,验证了本文方法的正确性。最后,计算了两端固定半圆形曲管在四种不同流速下的前四阶固有频率,结果表明,管内流速的增大会降低管道的固有频率,当流速增大到某一特定值时,管道的一阶固有频率消失。     

侵彻弹体结构纵向振动频率特性分析

加速度传感器测试弹体加速度历程时,测试结果包含由于目标阻碍导致弹体减速的过载加速度和弹体结构振动引起的加速度。通过将弹体简化为均匀的长直圆杆,从理论上分析弹体纵向振动的频率特性。利用ANSYS建立了弹体有限元模型,通过模态分析得到了弹体纵向振动对应的固有频率及固有振型,并对弹体进行谐响应分析,一阶纵向振动固有频率的理论值、模态分析与谐响应分析的模拟结果都在1 200 Hz。利用Fourier变换和小波分析,对加速度传感器测试数据的频率特性进行了分析,Fourier变换得到的信号功率谱峰值在1 114 Hz,与理论计算结果、模拟结果都能较好吻合。     

六面体柔性桁架多体结构的模态测试实验研究

采用半正弦冲击波形，通过内力激振的方法对六面体空间柔性格架结构进行了模态实验研究，得到了系统的前四阶固有频率和模态振型。比较实验结果与理论计算结果，二者能够很好的吻合，验证了理论计算方法的正确性。实验结果表明采用内力激振的方法能够有效的激起结构的固有频率，所得的振动参数可为下一步空间柔性格架振动主动控制提供直接依据。     

分布轴向力作用下隔水管横向自由振动分析

隔水管固有频率的精确计算对保证隔水管的安全使用和防止共振的发生有着极为重要的意义.在分析中,考虑了分布轴向力和顶张力的共同作用,建立了隔水管横向振动力学模型;基于牛顿定律和纵横弯曲梁理论,对微单元受力分析,得到隔水管横向自由振动的四阶偏微分方程;利用分离变量法将四阶偏微分方程简化为四阶变系数常微分方程;采用积分法求解四阶变系数常微分方程,得到隔水管横向自由振动固有频率的解析解.结果表明:(1)分布轴向力作用下隔水管横向自由振动的固有频率和振型,与将分布轴向力简化为集中力作用下隔水管的固有频率和振型有很大差别;(2)顶张力一定时,随着分布轴向力减小,隔水管固有频率增大;分布轴向力一定时,随着顶张力增大,隔水管固有频率增大;(3)采用积分法求解隔水管横向振动特性时,计算精度高,为隔水管的优化设计提供了可靠的理论依据.     

功能梯度变截面梁自由振动和稳定性研究

基于忽略了梁截面剪切变形和转动惯量效应的Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,研究了轴向力作用下轴向功能梯度变截面梁的横向自由振动问题,将轴向功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁自由振动固有频率和临界荷载的计算转化为变系数常微分方程特征值问题。运用插值矩阵法可一次性计算出轴向功能梯度变截面梁各阶振动固有频率和临界荷载,分析了轴向荷载对轴向功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁自由振动固有频率的影响,即轴向压力使梁的第1阶固有频率降低,轴向拉力使梁的第1阶固有频率增大。在简支-简支梁(H-H)边界条件下、不同截面宽锥度系数c_b和截面高锥度系数c_h,且区间划分点数n为40时,本文计算结果与已有文献计算结果之间的最大相对误差不超过0.00768%;在简支-简支梁(H-H)、固端-自由梁(C-F)、固端-固端梁(C-C)这三种不同边界条件下,不同c_b和c_h,且n为40时,最大相对误差不超过0.101%,说明了本文方法的有效性和良好的计算精度。     

DYNAMIC LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF ARRESTING HOOK SWINGING ALONG ARRESTING CABLE IN CARRIER-BASED AIRCRAFT

针对舰载机钩偏着舰时拦阻钩沿拦阻索侧向滑摆运动,运用仿真与理论分析结合的方法,通过调整拦阻钩侧向动载荷的振动频率范围,具体研究了飞机机身动载荷特性。结果表明,在2 Hz, 10 Hz,20 Hz 等振动频率附近,机身会受到严重的载荷情况。结论可供机体结构刚度、钩头减摆等性能优化设计参考。     

Numerical and experimental studies on the hydrodynamic damping of a zero-thrust propeller

Fluid added mass and damping are significant parameters when predicting the dynamic response of a submerged structure. The hydrodynamic damping of underwater rotating machinery is numerically and experimentally investigated by a zero-thrust propeller in this paper. The lifting surface method(LSM) combined with forced vibration was introduced as the numerical method to compute the corresponding unsteady thrust, while the experimental method of measuring added damping was accomplished by a propeller undergoing rotation combined heave motion. Results of the theoretical method are in good agreement with the experimental results before cavitation occurs, as cavitation is regarded to weaken the unsteady response of the propeller partly. The calculation results also show that both the frequency ratio(vibration frequency divided by rotation frequency) and the blade angle have a significant influence on the hydrodynamic damping. Therefore, the effect of blade angle on hydrodynamic damping should be considered during the design phase.     

Using continuous models in the analysis of vibrational spectra for carbon nanotubes

The rod models of longitudinal, torsional, and bending vibrations are used to find the natural vibration spectra of a carbon nanotube. The spectrum of natural radial vibrations is found using the membrane theory of cylindrical shells. The coefficients of these models are chosen by comparing the results obtained on the basis of the micromodel with the Keating interaction potential in the framework of the long-wave approximation and on the basis of a continuous model. It is shown that the spectra of longitudinal, radial, and torsional vibrations of the carbon nanotube are of the same order of magnitude (the minimum frequency is about 10¹¹ Hz), whereas the natural frequency spectrum for the bending vibrations is of two orders of magnitude less (the minimum frequency is about 10⁹ Hz). These spectra belong to the super-high frequency range.     

基于粗粒化方法的类超级碳纳米管自由振动研究

超级碳纳米管是在碳纳米管结构基础上，将每一根碳-碳键替换为碳纳米管而形成的新型结构。类超级碳纳米管是超级碳纳米管对应的宏观结构，在保持外观结构的基础上将尺度放大到宏观尺度。本文建立了类超级碳纳米管的粗粒化模型。基于粗粒化方法，研究了类超级碳纳米管的自由振动。分析了内外管半径以及长度对类超级碳纳米管振动行为的影响。与原结构有限元进行对比，结果表明粗粒化方法能有效的计算类超级碳纳米管的振动行为。     

基于粗粒化方法的类超级碳纳米管自由振动研究

超级碳纳米管是在碳纳米管结构基础上，将每一根碳-碳键替换为碳纳米管而形成的新型结构。类超级碳纳米管是超级碳纳米管对应的宏观结构，在保持外观结构的基础上将尺度放大到宏观尺度。本文建立了类超级碳纳米管的粗粒化模型。基于粗粒化方法，研究了类超级碳纳米管的自由振动。分析了内外管半径以及长度对类超级碳纳米管振动行为的影响。与原结构有限元进行对比，结果表明粗粒化方法能有效的计算类超级碳纳米管的振动行为。     

Nonlinear vibration of fluid-conveying single-walled carbon nanotubes under harmonic excitation

In this paper, the nonlinear vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube conveying fluid is investigated utilizing a multidimensional Lindstedt–Poincaré method. Considering the geometric large deformation of the single-walled carbon nanotube and external harmonic excitation force, based on nonlocal elastic theory and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the nonlinear vibration equation of a fluid-conveying single-walled carbon nanotube is established. Analyzing the equation through the multidimensional Lindstedt–Poincaré method, and from the solvability condition of the nonlinear vibration equation, the cubic algebraic equation which indicates the amplitude–frequency relation is obtained. Based on the root discriminant of the cubic equation, the first order primary response of the pinned–pinned carbon nanotube is discussed. The relations among internal resonance, the amplitude and frequency of the external excitation force are analyzed in detail. When the external excite force frequency is around the first mode natural frequency, the first mode primary resonance occurs. If simultaneously the first two modes natural frequency ratio is around 3, internal resonance occurs and the internal resonance region depends on the amplitude of external excitation force.     

Fully suspended, five-axis, three-magnetic-bearing dynamic spin rig with forced excitation

A significant advancement in the dynamic spin rig (DSR), i.e., the five-axis, three-magnetic-bearing DSR, is used to perform vibration tests of turbomachinery blades and components under rotating and non-rotating conditions in a vacuum. The rig has three magnetic bearings as its critical components: two heteropolar radial active magnetic bearings and a magnetic thrust bearing. The bearing configuration allows full vertical rotor magnetic suspension along with a feedforward control feature, which enables the excitation of various modes of vibration in the bladed disk test articles. The theoretical, mechanical, electrical, and electronic aspects of the rig are discussed. Also presented are the forced-excitation results of a fully levitated, rotating and non-rotating, unbladed rotor and a fully levitated, rotating and non-rotating, bladed rotor in which a pair of blades were arranged 180° apart from each other. These tests include the “bounce” mode excitation of the rotor in which the rotor was excited at the blade natural frequency of 144 Hz. The rotor natural mode frequency of 355 Hz was discerned from the plot of acceleration versus frequency. For non-rotating blades, a blade-tip excitation amplitude of approximately 100 g A⁻¹ was achieved at the first-bending critical (≈144 Hz) and at the first-torsional and second-bending blade modes. A blade-tip displacement of 1.778×10⁻³m (70 mils) was achieved at the first-bending critical by exciting the blades at a forced-excitation phase angle of 90° relative to the vertical plane containing the blades while simultaneously rotating the shaft at 3000 rpm.     

玻璃纤维、碳纤维复合材料的阻尼性能分析

对复合材料的阻尼性能进行分析和有效预报能够实现对结构振动冲击、噪声、疲劳破坏的有效控制,有着非常重要的工程实际意义。本文采用悬臂梁法对玻璃纤维和碳纤维复合材料进行阻尼测试;同时用Adams-Bacon法和Ni-Adams法对实验结果进行了分析。结果发现:玻璃纤维、碳纤维复合材料的损耗因子峰值均出现在纤维角度30°附近;载荷低频段时材料的阻尼性能优于高频段时的阻尼性能。     

自由振动台测量TLDEB水箱频率的研究

通过在普通调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)水箱中加入不同高度和宽度的扰流装置,将其改造成调谐液体挡板阻尼器(TLDEB)水箱,以此来控制和提高水箱中第一阶振荡水的频率;并通过自行设计和制作的自由振动台,对TLDEB水箱中第一阶振荡水的频率进行观测与研究。通过比较普通TLD水箱与改造后TLDEB水箱的第一阶振荡水频率可知,TLDEB水箱的频率值从0.8056Hz提高到1.8696Hz,提高幅度达132.08%;随着扰流装置宽度和高度的增加,水箱中振荡水的频率也在提高,且TLDEB水箱相对于普通TLD水箱的晃动阻尼更大,对于结构的可控减振是十分有利的。本研究可为实际工程运用调谐液体阻尼器减振提供参考。     

Nonlinear dynamics of a pipe conveying pulsating fluid with parametric and internal resonances

In this paper, the nonlinear planar vibration of a pipe conveying pulsatile fluid subjected to principal parametric resonance in the presence of internal resonance is investigated. The pipe is hinged to two immovable supports at both ends and conveys fluid at a velocity with a harmonically varying component over a constant mean velocity. The geometric cubic nonlinearity in the equation of motion is due to stretching effect of the pipe. The natural frequency of the second mode is approximately three times the natural frequency of the first mode for a range of mean flow velocity, resulting in a three-to-one internal resonance. The analysis is done using the method of multiple scales (MMS) by directly attacking the governing nonlinear integral-partial-differential equations and the associated boundary conditions. The resulting set of first-order ordinary differential equations governing the modulation of amplitude and phase is analyzed numerically for principal parametric resonance of first mode. Stability, bifurcation, and response behavior of the pipe are investigated. The results show new zones of instability due to the presence of internal resonance. A wide array of dynamical behavior is observed, illustrating the influence of internal resonance.