移动荷载下多孔饱和地基的动力有限单元法

分析了匀速荷载作用下多孔饱和地基的动力响应.通过对Biot动力方程进行变换,将基本方程变换到随荷载移动的运动坐标系中,通过加权残值法推导了相应的"拟静力"单元刚度矩阵,从而建立了移动问题的有限元格式,将动力学问题转化为"拟静力"问题."拟静力"单元或称为移动单元并不是连续介质上的实际单元,而是在连续介质上随着移动荷载运动的虚拟单元.文中考虑了荷载的移动速度对多孔饱和地基中位移及应力的影响,并与解析解作了对比,以说明本方法具有较好的精度.     

移动荷载下单相弹性地基三维稳态响应

针对移动荷载对地基产生振动影响的问题,研究了移动荷载作用下弹性地基的动力响应。将移动单元法引入到单相弹性土介质的半解析方法中,构造了随荷载按照相同速度运动的移动层单元,基于移动坐标下弹性土介质的动力控制方程和边界条件,应用加权残数法建立了在移动荷载下单相弹性地基的三维动态响应半解析方程,将固定坐标下的动力问题转化为移动坐标下的拟静力问题。数值分析了荷载移动速度、地基阻尼等参数对地基动力响应的影响。本文工作表明,在半解析法中引入移动单元是研究移动荷载下单相介质动态响应的一种有效的方法。     

梁的动力稳定性分析的有限元方法

提出了对梁进行动力学稳定性分析的有限元方法──给出了单元质量矩阵，抗弯刚度矩阵，几何刚度矩阵及相应的Ｍａｔｈｉｅｕ方程，通过坐标变换消除了方程的动力与静力耦合，然后说明了由这种具有参数激励耦合的多自由度系统的Ｍａｔｈｉｅｕ方程求得系统一般参数共振及组合参数共振的过渡曲线的约束参数方法与多尺度方法。最后作为算例求出了均匀简支梁受简谐轴向力作用时的过渡曲线。     

移动荷载作用下非局部地基梁动力响应分析的有限元法Dynamic response of beams with nonlocal foundations subjected to moving loads using finite element method

基于非局部地基理论,推导了移动荷载作用下非局部地基梁动力响应问题的有限元解,分别讨论了地基的非局部参数、刚度、阻尼系数以及移动荷载速度对非局部地基梁动力响应的影响,并比较了非局部结果与局部结果的差异。结果表明,地基的非局部参数、刚度和阻尼是地基梁的动力响应的主要影响参数,地基梁最大响应及其发生的时刻与移动荷载速度有关。研究成果可为轨道地基系统设计提供参考。     

移动荷载作用下非局部地基梁动力响应分析的有限元法

基于非局部地基理论,推导了移动荷载作用下非局部地基梁动力响应问题的有限元解,分别讨论了地基的非局部参数、刚度、阻尼系数以及移动荷载速度对非局部地基梁动力响应的影响,并比较了非局部结果与局部结果的差异。结果表明,地基的非局部参数、刚度和阻尼是地基梁的动力响应的主要影响参数,地基梁最大响应及其发生的时刻与移动荷载速度有关。研究成果可为轨道地基系统设计提供参考。     

层状地基中单桩扭转振动特性分析

采用积分变换和Muki的方法求解了层状地基中单桩的扭转振动问题.在分析过程中,首先对基本控制方程进行Hankel变换,建立了单层地基的初参数解答和刚度矩阵,得到层状地基的递推矩阵;然后利用递推矩阵、边界条件和桩-土变形协调条件建立了层状地基中单桩扭转振动问题的基本积分方程并进行数值求解.文末数值算例给出了退化的层状地基中刚性单桩的扭转变形,其结果与已有经典解答吻合良好.同时,并研究了两层地基中单桩的扭转动力响应,分析了桩-土参数对动力响应的影响,所得结论对工程实践和桩基扭转波检测有一定的指导意义.     

移动荷载下路面板-层状多相弹性地基的稳态响应

考虑路面板和地基的相互作用,将路面板作为三维弹性体,建立路面板-层状多相弹性地基动力响应的三维多相层状弹性半空间体模型,分析了移动荷载作用下路面板-多相弹性地基系统的动力响应.将移动单元法引入到两相饱和弹性介质的半解析方法中,构造了随荷载按照相同速度运动的移动层单元,基于移动坐标下两相饱和弹性介质的动力控制方程和边界条件,应用加权残数法建立了两相弹性介质移动层单元动力方程,该方程可退化为单相弹性介质移动层单元动力方程,基于此,建立了移动荷载下多相弹性地基与路面板系统的三维动态响应的统一的半解析方程.并以两相饱和弹性半空间地基-单相弹性地基-路面板所形成的路面结构为例,数值分析了荷载速度、饱和层渗透系数、弹性层厚度等参数对路面板位移和土体孔压响应的影响.研究结果表明移动单元法是研究移动荷载下路面结构动态响应的一种有效的方法.     

移动集中质量作用下Euler-Bernoulli梁的振动频率分析

研究了移动载荷作用下Euler-Bernoulli梁振动频率的变化规律。首先根据Euler-Bernoulli梁振动的控制方程,引入载荷和位移边界条件,建立梁单元的动力刚度矩阵和形状函数矩阵,然后采用傅里叶变换的思想,建立移动载荷惯性力引起的附加动力刚度矩阵,进而得到系统整体的动力刚度矩阵。通过Wittrick-Williams法进行求解得到移动载荷作用下Euler-Bernoulli梁的振动频率,与有限元法计算结果的比较,验证了此方法的正确性,体现了此方法在精度和计算规模上的优势。根据上述方法,揭示简支梁和悬臂梁振动频率随着移动质量速度与质量的变化规律。     

高速列车引起的地基振动半解析解

随着列车速度的提高,地基振动的反应越来越大。根据有限元理论、轨道动力学及地基土振动Green函数,建立了轨道-无限地基土相互作用理论分析模型。为了组装系统的动力方程,通过引入静态自由度凝聚模式来消除梁存在转动自由度。借助文献[12]的柔度矩阵定义并通过Hankel变换获得了系统的刚度矩阵,进而采用Newmark法求出了系统动力反应。最后,以瑞典X2000高速旅客列车为对象进行仿真,通过与试验结果的比较来说明本文方法的可行性。     

高速移动简谐荷载下层状多孔饱和固体的动力响应

本文研究了匀速移动的振动荷载作用下层状多孔饱和固体的动力响应。应用Fourier变换求解该问题的控制偏微分方程,首先考虑了荷载的移动速度及振动频率对单层多孔饱和固体中应力与孔隙水压力的影响,并与相应的弹性介质的解答和半平面解答进行了比较;然后运用精确刚度矩阵法求解了层状多孔饱和固体的应力响应,并与单层问题进行了比较。结果显示层状多孔饱和固体中应力和孔隙水压力随荷载的移动速度的增加而明显变化,层状多孔饱和固体在移动荷载下的动力响应与相应的单相弹性固体和半平面固体的动力响应有较大的差别。     

An Element Free Galerkin analysis of steady dynamic growth of a mode i crack in elastic–plastic materials

An Element Free Galerkin (EFG) method based formulation for steady dynamic crack growth in elastic–plastic materials is developed. A domain convecting parallel to the steadily moving crack tip is employed. The EFG methodology eliminates the stringent mesh requirements of the Finite Element Method (FEM) for such problems. Both rate-independent materials and rate-dependent materials are considered. The material is characterized by von Mises yielding condition and an associated flow rule. For rate-independent materials, both the influence of crack speeds and that of strain hardening on the mechanics of steady dynamic crack growth are investigated. For rate-dependent materials, only a non-hardening material is considered with emphasis on determining the influence of viscous properties of materials and crack speeds. The influence of strain hardening on steady dynamic crack growth shows the same trends as for steady quasi-static crack growth. The simplifications used in the literature in deriving analytical solutions for high strain-rate crack growth have been examined thoroughly using the numerical results.     

利用无网格伽辽金法分析材料稳态蠕变问题

稳态蠕变是高温环境下材料的一个重要的考虑问题，它也是材料破坏的一种重要形式。由于存在划分网格，利用传统有限元法模拟稳态蠕变有一定的不足之处。作为一种新兴的数值模拟方法，无网格法不需要划分单元，只需将求解问题离散成独立的结点，计算过程可以局部细化。利用连续介质的虚功原理，将无网格伽辽金法应用于稳态蠕变的数值模拟，推导了稳态蠕变的无网格伽辽金法控制方程。利用罚参数来实现稳态蠕变的不可压缩条件和本质边界条件，能够保证求解过程中刚度矩阵的对称正定性。通过实例的计算结果表明，无网格伽辽金法在求解稳态蠕变时具有较高的计算精度，结果与理论解结果吻合，而且前后处理较为简单。     

无单元法求解正交各向异性板自由振动问题

无单元法是一种新出现的数值方法。本文对无单元法的数学基础—滑动最小二乘法进行了详细的研究,推导了无单元法的形函数,并对一些关键问题,如权函数的选取,正交基函数,边界条件,数值实现方法等得出了研究结论。用无单元法研究了正交各向异性板的自由振动问题,由动力学变分原理和滑动最小二乘法导出了正交各向异性板的无单元法质量矩阵和刚度矩阵,编制了相应的计算程序,通过计算实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

Out-of-plane responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load

For the cases of using the finite curved beam elements and taking the effects of both the shear deformation and rotary inertias into consideration, the literature regarding either free or forced vibration analysis of the curved beams is rare. Thus, this paper tries to determine the dynamic responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load using the curved beam elements. By taking account of the effect of shear deformation and that of rotary inertias due to bending and torsional vibrations, the stiffness matrix and the mass matrix of the curved beam element were obtained from the force–displacement relations and the kinetic energy equations, respectively. Since all the element property matrices for the curved beam element are derived based on the local polar coordinate system (rather than the local Cartesian one), their coefficients are invariant for any curved beam element with constant radius of curvature and subtended angle and one does not need to transform the property matrices of each curved beam element from the local coordinate system to the global one to achieve the overall property matrices for the entire curved beam structure before they are assembled. The availability of the presented approach has been verified by both the existing analytical solutions for the entire continuum curved beam and the numerical solutions for the entire discretized curved beam composed of the conventional straight beam elements based on either the consistent-mass model or the lumped-mass model. In addition to the typical circular curved beams, a hybrid curved beam composed of one curved-beam segment and two identical straight-beam segments subjected to a moving load was also studied. Influence on the dynamic responses of the curved beams of the slenderness ratio, moving-load speed, shear deformation and rotary inertias was investigated.     

分片试验与有限元法

提出分片试验在有限元法中有着重要的作用,它是近代有限元发展的一个主要特色。得出分片试验对位移和应变函数的要求,这些要求便是一个好的有限元法所应保证的;分析了几何方程弱形式与分片试验的关系,借此分析了杂交元、拟协调元如何满足这些要求,以及在满足这些要示的同时产生的对其他条件的影响;分析了精化直接刚度法、广义协调元和双参数法如何保证分片试验的满足;最后作为位移条件的应用例子,改进了ＢＣＩＺ元。     

An effective way to couple FEM meshes and Peridynamics grids for the solution of static equilibrium problems

Peridynamics is a continuum theory based on a non-local approach and capable of dealing with discontinuous displacement fields. The paper presents a technique to couple Peridynamic grids and finite element meshes to solve static equilibrium problems. The domain is divided in two zones: one discretized by the Peridynamic grid and the other where the Finite Element Method is applied. The coupling is achieved by considering that Peridynamics bonds act only on Peridynamic nodes, whereas finite elements apply forces only on finite element nodes. The proposed method was applied to study 1D and 2D examples. No problem in the zone of the structure where the two approaches are merged is observed. The results show that the coupling method is very effective and its simplicity suggests it can be easily introduced in commercial finite element codes.     

一维连续体释放和回收过程的构形计算

一维连续体的释放和回收过程由时变的动力学方程描述。将一维连续体离散为有限单元,建立其时变自由度的高维离散动力学模型。通过重新划分单元,重置系统质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵,以及位移和荷载向量,并基于改进的有限差分法,提出了一维连续体释放和回收过程的一种构形计算方法。以柔性索的面内运动为例,计算了其释放和回收过程的动力学构形,实...     

Comparison of linear spring and nonlinear FEM methods in dynamic coupled analysis of floating structure and mooring system

This paper compares the dynamic coupled behavior of floating structure and mooring system in time domain using two numerical methods for the mooring lines such as the linear spring method and the nonlinear FEM (Finite Element Method). In the linear spring method, hydrodynamic coefficients and forces on the floating body are calculated using BEM (Boundary Element Method) and the time domain equation is derived using convolution. The coupled solution is obtained by simply adding the pre-determined spring constants of the mooring lines into the floating body equation. In FEM, the minimum energy principle is applied to formulate the nonlinear dynamic equation of the mooring system with a discrete numerical model. The ground contact model and Morison formula for drag forces are also included in the formulation. The coupled solution is obtained by iteratively solving the floating body equation and the FEM equation of the mooring system. Two example structures such as weathervane ship and semi-submersible structure are analyzed using linear spring and nonlinear FEM methods and the difference of those two methods are presented. By analyzing the cases with or without surge-pitch or sway-roll coupling stiffness of mooring lines in the linear spring method, the effect of coupling stiffness of the mooring system is also discussed.     

平面八节点四边形理性元

推导平面八节点四边形理性有限元列式，采用具有直到四次多项式的平面问题的微分方程的解作为插值函数，算例结果表明平面八节点四边形理性有限元的有效性。     

Daubechies条件小波有限元法研究

为拓展小波理论在结构工程中的应用,提高结构计算精度,提出了以Daubechies条件小波Ritz法为基础的Daubechies条件小波有限元法。该法结合广义变分原理和拉格朗日乘子法构造修正泛函,根据修正泛函的驻值条件得到全域法求解方程矩阵。根据构件的边界条件,按左右边界对求解矩阵进行相应拆分,构建条件小波单元刚度矩阵,并依据公共节点位移相等原则形成总体刚度矩阵,由此解得各单元的小波基待定系数,即可进一步求解位移场函数、内力分布函数及荷载集度函数。以工程中常见的弹性拉压杆及平面弯曲梁为例,详细阐述了该方法的构造过程。并通过典型算例将Daubechies条件小波有限元法计算值与理论解进行了对比,结果表明:在弹性拉压杆算例中,位移、应力、载荷集度的相对误差均在1.22×10-3%以内;在平面弯曲梁算例中,挠度、弯矩、载荷集度的相对误差均在8.91×10-2%以内。