大型渡槽动力建模研究

根据渡槽系薄壁杆件结构的特点,提出了渡槽薄壁结构空间动力分析模型。采用空间梁段单元进行离散,考虑渡槽横向、竖向、纵向、自由扭转和约束扭转变形,由能量原理推导给出了渡槽槽身结构的单元刚度矩阵、质量矩阵的显示表达式;渡槽支架采用空间梁单元模拟;渡槽支架与槽身联贯的盆式橡胶支认采用弹性元件单元模拟。文中具体计算了某大型渡槽的模态,计算结果表明：该模型计算渡槽结构的固有频率与理论解和用大型结构分析程序SAP计算的结果良好接近。本文模型计算简单,使用方便,是大型渡槽动力分析的实用模型。     

考虑约束扭转的薄壁梁单元刚度矩阵

推导了薄壁空间梁单元刚度矩阵 ,考虑了双向弯曲及截面约束扭转对杆件轴向变形的影响 ;计算了截面的翘曲变形 ,以及二次剪应力对翘曲变形的影响 ,可适用于任意截面 (包括开口、闭口和混合剖面 )的薄壁杆件。计算结果表明 ,考虑约束扭转的薄壁梁单元刚度矩阵有相当好的精确度 ,可以用于薄壁杆件的静动力分析。     

大跨度斜拉桥动力特性分析

本文提出一种计算大距度钢桁梁斜拉桥动力特性的方法。文中分别采用桁段有限单元、空间梁元、空间杆元计算斜拉桥中桁架，桥塔、拉索的刚度矩阵与质量矩阵，采用子空间迭代法求解特征方程，所得结果可供设计参考。     

可带铰空间梁单元几何非线性分析的随转坐标法

为了降低可带铰空间梁单元切线刚度矩阵的运算量、提高非线性计算精度,本文首先通过建立单元随转坐标系得到扣除刚体位移后结构变形与总位移之间的关系,进而基于场一致性原则导出空间梁单元的几何非线性单元切线刚度矩阵,并在此基础上根据带铰梁端弯矩为零的受力特征得到考虑梁端带铰的单元切线刚度矩阵表达式。该方法利用随转坐标系下除单元轴向相对位移外的其余五个线位移均为零的特点,降低了计算单元切线刚度矩阵所需的相关矩阵阶次,因此减少了运算量。对对角点受拉铰接的方棱形框架进行计算,得出本文结果与解析解的最大误差为0.226%;对45°弯梁和带铰平面结构的空间受力进行计算,得出前者与已有文献提供的解非常接近,误差为0.027%～2.394%,后者与 ANSYS 计算结果的最大误差为1.082%,表明本文算法具有良好的精度。     

薄壁曲杆的有限元法

本文提出了开口和闭口截面薄壁曲杆的刚度矩阵.位移模式采用多项式逼近,并考虑了温度影响.对于闭口截面的薄壁曲杆,利用了乌曼斯基假设.文中还利用截面线元素,按线性分布规律逼近,讨论了圣维南翘曲函数的离散化计算.作了不同于藤谷义信的分析.     

一种新的薄壁杆件单元扭转刚度矩阵

本文提出一种新的薄壁杆件单元扭转刚度矩阵,它能够计及二次剪应力对翘曲变形的影响,并适用于任意剖面(包括开口,闭口和混合剖面)的薄壁杆件。计算表明,这个新的扭转刚度矩阵有相当好的精确度,可以代替Kawai或Gunnlaugsson-Pedersen的刚度矩阵,用于薄壁杆件的有限元静动力分析。     

基于回传波射矩阵法的空间杆系结构固有特性及结构阻尼影响分析

基于三维杆系结构的回传波射矩阵理论分析了空间框架结构的固有特性.通过获得的确定结构固有频率的矩阵方程,针对一座二层含有完全铰接点和固定铰支座的空间杆系结构,利用频响函数曲线法和求根法两种方法计算了结构的固有频率,并给出了振型结果.与有限元分析软件ANSYS的计算结果比较,表明了本文模型的有效性和计算精度.同时,通过计算阐明了复刚度阻尼对结构共振频率的影响.结果表明,复刚度阻尼能引起结构共振频率的降低.     

开口薄壁杆件结构稳定分析的精确单元和两步求解算法

从控制微分方程的通解出发,构造受偏心压力作用开口薄壁杆件的精确形函数,建立用于开口薄壁杆件结构稳定性分析的精确有限元,得到了单元刚度矩阵和几何刚度矩阵的显式表达,提出了计算给定区间内各阶临界荷载以及相应失稳模态的两步计算方法。计算结果表明,与常规单元相比,采用精确单元无需进行网格细分就可以获得精确的数值结果,结合本文的两步求解算法,可以准确获得给定区间内全部临界荷载和失稳模态。     

含无限刚性体的杆系内力的一种新的计算方法

含无限刚性体的杆系内力计算,传统解法是将拉压或弯曲无限刚度近似用有限大值来代替,通过数值计算确定杆系内力.计算表明,当刚度取值足够大值时,经常会造成方程组的病态而严重影响求解精度.本文提出一种精确解法,即通过引入无限刚度杆刚性约束方程来避免病态方程等问题,从而保证了计算的有效性和精确度.本文具体对具有拉压和弯曲无限刚度杆系单元建立了相应的约束方程,并针对工程中典型的支座形式:铰支座、滚轴支座和斜向支座给出了约束条件.作为一个具体应用,本文对于一平面刚架结构,利用建立的约束方程并通过确定结点定位向量和单元定位向量,最终获得了结构内力.算例结果表明,本文方法适用于分析含无限刚性体的杆系内力.     

钢筋混凝土空间杆件精细非线性分析模型

针对现有钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性分祈模型进行了评还,应用结构力学方法推导得到了沿秆长配筋分布均匀的钢筋混凝土空间杆件的非线性单元刚度矩阵,建立了应用高斯积分点所在截面的非线性性质描述钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性的计算过程。对于沿杆长配筋分布不均匀的杆件,根据其实际情况,将其细分为两段或三段沿杆长配筋分布均匀的杆段,以沿杆长配筋分布均匀的钢筋混凝土空间杆件非线性分析模型为基础,建立了沿杆长配筋分布不均匀的空间杆件的非线性分析模型。最后,给出了两个算例。就本文方法及程序的计算结果与模型结构振动台试验结果、常规非线性杆件模型的计算结果进行了比较。     

Coupled bending and torsional vibration of nonsymmetrical axially loaded thin-walled Bernoulli–Euler beams

The dynamic transfer matrix is formulated for a straight uniform and axially loaded thin-walled Bernoulli–Euler beam element whose elastic and inertia axes are not coincident by directly solving the governing differential equations of motion of the beam element. Bernoulli–Euler beam theory is used, and the cross section of the beam does not have any symmetrical axes. The bending vibrations in two perpendicular directions are coupled with torsional vibration and the effect of warping stiffness is included. The dynamic transfer matrix method is used for calculation of exact natural frequencies and mode shapes of the nonsymmetrical thin-walled beams. Numerical results are given for a specific example of thin-walled beam under a variety of end conditions, and exact numerical solutions are tabulated for natural frequencies and solutions calculated by the other method are also tabulated for comparison. The effects of axial force and warping stiffness are also discussed.     

A new beam element for analyzing geometrical and physical nonlinearity

Based on Timoshenko＇s beam theory and Vlasov＇s thin-walled member theory, a new model of spatial thin-walled beam element is developed for analyzing geometrical and physical nonlinearity, which incorporates an interior node and independent interpolations of bending angles and warp and takes diversified factors into consideration, such as traverse shear deformation, torsional shear deformation and their coupling, coupling of flexure and torsion, and the second shear stress. The geometrical nonlinear strain is formulated in updated Lagarange （UL） and the corresponding stiffness matrix is derived. The perfectly plastic model is used to account for physical nonlinearity, and the yield rule of von Mises and incremental relationship of Prandtle-Reuss are adopted. Elastoplastic stiffness matrix is obtained by numerical integration based on the finite segment method, and a finite element program is compiled. Numerical examples manifest that the proposed model is accurate and feasible in the analysis of thin-walled structures.     

Asymptotic analysis of the non-linear behavior of long anisotropic tubes

An asymptotically correct beam model is obtained for a long, thin-walled, circular tube with circumferentially uniform stiffness (CUS) and made of generally anisotropic materials. By virtue of its special geometry certain small parameters cause unusual non-linear phenomena, such as the Brazier effect, to be exhibited. The model is constructed without ad hoc approximations from 3D elasticity by deriving its strain energy functional in terms of generalized 1D strains corresponding to extension, bending, and torsion. Large displacement and rotation are allowed but strain is assumed to be small. Closed-form expressions are provided for the 3D non-linear warping and stress fields, the 1D non-linear stiffness matrix and the bending moment–curvature relationship. In bending, failure could be caused by limit-moment instability, local buckling or material failure of a ply. A procedure to determine the failure load is provided based on the non-linear response, neglecting micro-mechanical failure modes, post-failure behavior, and hygrothermal effects. Asymptotic considerations lead to the neglect of local shell interlaminar and transverse shear stresses for the thin-walled configuration. Results of the theory are illustrated for a few symmetric, antisymmetric angle-ply and unsymmetric layups and show that some previously published theories are not asymptotically correct.     

A NEW SPATIAL THIN-WALLED BEAM ELEMENT INCLUDING TRANSVERSE AND TORSIONAL SHEAR DEFORMATION

基于Timoshenko梁及Benscoter薄壁杆件理论,建立了考虑剪切变形、弯扭耦合以及翘曲剪应力影响的空间任意开闭口薄壁截面梁单元. 通过引入单元内部结点,对弯曲转角和翘曲角采用三节点Lagrange独立插值的方法,考虑了剪切变形和翘曲剪应力的影响并避免了横向剪切锁死问题;借助载荷作用下薄壁梁的截面运动分析,在位移和应变方程中考虑了弯扭耦合的影响. 通过数值算例将该单元的计算结果与理论解以及商用有限元软件和其他文献中的数值解进行对比和验证,结果对比表明该薄壁梁单元具有良好的精度和收敛性.     

A new finite element of spatial thin-walled beams

Based on the theories of Timoshenko＇s beams and Vlasov＇s thin-walled members, a new spatial thin-walled beam element with an interior node is developed. By independently interpolating bending angles and warp, factors such as transverse shear deformation, torsional shear deformation and their Coupling, coupling of flexure and torsion, and second shear stress are considered. According to the generalized variational theory of Hellinger-Reissner, the element stiffness matrix is derived. Examples show that the developed model is accurate and can be applied in the finite element analysis of thinwalled structures.     

复合材料薄壁旋转梁的研究进展

本文综述了近年来复合材料薄壁旋转梁的研究进展,着重介绍了围绕梁平面外翘曲问题,各国学者在非线性梁理论、用解析法和有限元法构造复合材料薄壁梁模型方面做的工作,讨论了此领域需进一步研究的问题．      

一种考虑初始缺陷影响的非线性梁单元

在目前广泛应用的梁单元中,尚缺乏全面考虑以下四种因素影响的粱单元：(1)轴力的影响;(2)剪切交形的影响;(3)初始弯曲的影响;(4)弯曲变形对轴向应变的影响,即弓形效应。事实上,以上四种非线性因素都会对钢框架结构的稳定和极限承载力有影响,需同时考虑。本文将致力于推导同时考虑以上四种因素影响的平面梁单元的平衡微分方程,最后得到精确的粱单元刚度矩阵,并研究以上四种因素对钢框架构件及钢框架结构的影响。     

剪力滞效应对箱形梁挠度影响的研究

从剪力滞翘曲应力的轴向平衡条件出发,选取双室箱梁的合理翘曲位移函数,引入相应于剪力滞翘曲变形的惯性矩和惯性积等几何特性,用能量变分法建立薄壁箱梁剪力滞效应分析的控制微分方程。通过求解控制微分方程,导出集中荷载和均布荷载作用下简支箱梁和悬臂箱梁的挠度公式及有限梁段单元刚度矩阵,模型试验和ANSYS壳单元计算结果证实了其正确性。结合简支、悬臂和连续箱梁数值算例,具体分析剪力滞效应对箱梁挠度的提高程度。结果表明,无论在集中荷载还是均布荷载作用下,剪力滞效应对简支箱梁的挠度均有显著提高。在集中荷载作用下,剪力滞效应对连续箱梁挠度的提高可达14%;对于跨宽比约为4.0～6.0的简支箱梁,可将按初等梁计算的跨中挠度乘以提高系数1.05～1.11;计算悬臂箱梁的挠度时,一般可以忽略剪力滞效应的影响。     

New accurate efficient modeling techniques for the vibration analysis of T-joint thin-walled box structures

We propose new accurate efficient modeling techniques for the vibration analysis of T-joint thin-walled box structures. The essence of the present techniques is to use beam elements to model thin-walled members of the joint, but the elements are based on an eight-degree-of-freedom (8-DOF) beam theory capable of handling warping and distortion. Two approaches are considered to model the interfacing joint region connected to three adjacent thin-walled box structures: the first one is to model the joint region with plate elements and the second one is to use a joint element derived to be consistent with nearby 8-DOF beam elements. The efficiency of the present techniques comes from the use of beam elements to model the box structures while the accuracy comes from the use of the higher-order beam theory accounting for warping and distortion. The procedures to match the dissimilar elements and to develop the joint element are also presented in this work. The effectiveness of the present approaches is demonstrated by numerical examples.