含任意椭圆核各向异性板杂交应力有限元

基于含椭圆核有限大各向异性板弹性问题的复变函数级数解,应用杂交变分原理建立了一种与常规有限元相协调的含任意椭圆核各向异性板杂交应力有限元.单元内的应力场和位移场采用满足平衡方程、几何方程与物理方程的复变函数级数解,假设的复变函数级数解精确满足椭圆核边界处的位移协调条件和应力连续条件,单元外边界上的位移场按常规有限元位移场假设,单元内椭圆核的长轴可以与材料主轴不重合.单元刚度矩阵采用Gauss积分求得,并给出了建立刚度矩阵的主要公式和推倒过程.数值计算结果表明该单元具有计算精度高、计算工作量小等优点.     

一种对网格凹凸畸变不敏感的高应力精度4结点带旋转自由度平面杂交应力函数单元

论文给出一种简单的高性能带旋转自由度4结点四边形平面单元.该单元的理论基础与卞学鐄先生首个杂交应力元相似,也从最小余能原理出发,无需单元内部位移场.但是应力场试函数采用Ariy应力函数的基本解析解(基于直角坐标的多项式),并强调其对坐标的对称和完备性.这样假设的应力场可以同时满足平衡和协调方程,因而更加合理.而单元边界位移则采用著名的Allman模式(采用局部坐标),即考虑结点转动自由度的二次协调位移.与其他同类单元相比,本文单元对位移和应力展现出更高的精度,特别是应力解答尤其突出.更有趣的是,单元对网格畸变非常不敏感,即使单元退化为三角形和凹四边形,仍然能保持较高的计算精度.此外,单元没有方向依赖性等缺点.     

基于解析试函数三角形带旋转自由度膜元的显式格式研究

三角形单元是有限元分析中常用的单元.在平面单元内引入结点转动自由度,可以提高单元位移场的阶次,在不增加单元结点的前提下提高单元性能.论文利用问题基本解析解作为试函数来构造带旋转自由度的三角形单元ATF-R3H,采用了杂交应力函数单元模式,确保了单元优良的抗畸变性能和较高应力计算精度.论文利用直角坐标与三角形面积坐标的线性关系,以及面积坐标幂函数在三角形域内和边界上的积分公式,直接给出单元刚度矩阵的显式表达式,从而避免了大量数值积分,提高了计算效率.数值算例表明,显式格式的ATF-R3H单元具有良好的性能.     

压电复合材料层板柱面弯曲的精化理论

本研究旨在建立精确的压电复合材料层板理论。位移场和电势场采用近似表达，其沿板厚的分布通过构造高精度的位移分布函数和电势分布函数来描述。这两个函数由三雏弹性平衡方程和静电平衡方程的特解来导出，从而满足复杂的力电耦合关系和各类连续条件，保证了本文理论的高精度。本文理论仅涉及4个位移和电势变量，且不随层数的增加而增多，较之变量随层数而增多的分层理论简单得多，平衡方程形式简单；也便于发展成有限元等数值模型。通过与三维精确解比较，算例显示了本文理论的高精度和有效性。     

适用于壳体h型自适应有限元分析的一组新单元

推导出一组适用于h型自适应分析的四边形蜕化壳元。对于大多数壳体结构,壳单元的刚度矩阵可分为薄膜、弯曲和剪切三部分。对薄膜部分本文采用杂交应力元方法进行设计,独立假设薄膜应力场以改善其精度;弯曲部分的刚度矩阵则依然由基于位移的应变来获得;而剪切部分则采用假设自然应变的方法来获得能克服薄壳下剪切自锁的新剪应变并用于计算此部...     

含一个无外力圆柱面带转动的三维杂交应力元

根据一种修正的余能原理,建立了一类具有一个无外力圆柱表面及结点含转动自由度的8 结点新型三维杂交应力元. 单元边界位移场选择二次位移插值函数,且与相邻元协调;单元内假定应力场满足以柱坐标表示的平衡方程及圆柱面上无外力边界条件. 数值算例表明,这种特殊杂交应力元在相当粗的网格下即能十分准确地分析圆弧形槽口附近及曲梁的三维（及二维）的孔边应力分布.      

基于Hellinger-Reissner变分原理的应变梯度杂交元设计

从一般的偶应力理论出发，基于Hellinger-Reissner变分原理，通过对有限元 离散体系的位移试解引入非协调位移函数，得到了偶应力理论下有限元离散系统的能量相容 条件，并由此建立了应变梯度杂交元的应力函数优化条件. 根据该优化条件，构造了一 个C0类的平面4节点梯度杂交元，数值结果表明，该单元对可压缩和不可压缩状态的 梯度材料均可给出合理的数值结果，再现材料的尺度效应.     

改进型扩展比例边界有限元法

结合了扩展有限元法(extended finite elementmethods,XFEM)和比例边界有限元法(scaled boundary finite elementmethods,SBFEM)的主要优点,提出了一种改进型扩展比例边界有限元法(improvedextended scaled boundary finite elementmethods,$i$XSBFEM),为断裂问题模拟提供了一条新的途径.类似XFEM,采用两个正交的水平集函数表征材料内部裂纹面,并基于水平集函数判断单元切割类型;将被裂纹切割的单元作为SBFE的子域处理,采用SBFEM求解单元刚度矩阵,从而避免了XFEM中求解不连续单元刚度矩阵需要进一步进行单元子划分的缺陷;同时,借助XFEM的主要思想,将裂纹与单元边界交点的真实位移作为单元结点的附加自由度考虑,赋予了单元结点附加自由度明确的物理意义,可以直接根据位移求解结果得出裂纹与单元边界交点的位移;对于含有裂尖的单元,选取围绕裂尖单元一圈的若干层单元作为超级单元,并将此超级单元作为SBFE的一个子域求解刚度矩阵,超级单元内部的结点位移可通过SBFE的位移模式求解得到,应力强度因子可基于裂尖处的奇异位移(应力)直接获得,无需借助其他的数值方法.最后,通过若干数值算例验证了建议的$i$XSBFEM的有效性,相比于常规XFEM,$i$XSBFEM的基于位移范数的相对误差收敛性较好;采用$i$XSBFEM通过应力法和位移法直接计算得到的裂尖应力强度因子均与解析解吻合\较好.      

一种抑制杂交元零能模式的假设应力场方法

基于杂交元位移场直接导出可以表示单元任意变形的简单变形模式,同时指出与所有假设应力模式正交的非零变形为零能机动模式,从而可以用简单变形模式方便地识别和抑制单元零能模式。在此基础上利用初始应力模式与简单变形模式的正交性提出一种假设杂交元应力场的有效方法,结合等函数法应力模式组成初始应力模式,不仅可以根据实际问题需要灵活地假设不同分布规律的应力场,而且所形成杂交元完全避免零能机动模式。在数值算例中采用本文方法分别形成了2D-4节点杂交元和3D-8节点杂交元的多种假设应力场,表明本文所提出方法是有效可行的。     

含一个无外力圆柱面带转动的三维杂交应力元简

根据一种修正的余能原理,建立了一类具有一个无外力圆柱表面及结点含转动自由度的8 结点新型三维杂交应力元. 单元边界位移场选择二次位移插值函数,且与相邻元协调;单元内假定应力场满足以柱坐标表示的平衡方程及圆柱面上无外力边界条件. 数值算例表明,这种特殊杂交应力元在相当粗的网格下即能十分准确地分析圆弧形槽口附近及曲梁的三维（及二维）的孔边应力分布.     

ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS TO STRESS CONCENTRATION PROBLEM IN PLATES CONTAINING RECTANGULAR HOLE UNDER BIAXIAL TENSIONS

The stress concentration problem in structures with a circular or elliptic hole can be investigated by analytical methods. For the problem with a rectangular hole, only approximate results are derived. This paper deduces the analytical solutions to the stress concentration problem in plates with a rectangular hole under biaxial tensions. By using the U-transformation technique and the finite element method, the analytical displacement solutions of the finite element equations are derived in the series form. Therefore, the stress concentration can then be discussed easily and conveniently. For plate problem the bilinear rectangular element with four nodes is taken as an example to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The stress concentration factors for various ratios of height to width of the hole are obtained.     

Solution of the connection problems between a finite holed plate and a stiffener by using the partitioning concept of the generalized variational method

In this paper a new finite element method is presented, in which complex functions are chosen to be the finite element model and the partitioning concept of the generalized variational method is utilized. The stress concentration factors for a finite holed plate welded by a stiffener are calculated and the analytical solutions in series form are obtained. From some computer trials it is demonstrated that the problem of displacement compatibility and continuity of tractions between the holed plate and the stiffener is successfully analysed by using this method. Since only three elements need to be formulated, relatively less storage is required than the usual finite element methods. Furthermore, the accuracy of solutions is improved and the computer time requirements are considerably reduced. Numerical results of stress concentration factors and stresses along the welded-line which may be referential to engineers are shown in tables.     

一种新的计算各向异性材料裂纹尖端应力强度因子杂交元法

利用有限元特征分析法研究了平面各向异性材料裂纹端部的奇性应力指数以及应力场和位移场的角分布函数,以此构造了一个新的裂纹尖端单元。文中利用该单元建立了研究裂纹尖端奇性场的杂交应力模型,并结合Hellinger-Reissner变分原理导出应力杂交元方程,建立了求解平面各向异性材料裂纹尖端问题的杂交元计算模型。与四节点单元相结合,由此提出了一种新的求解应力强度因子的杂交元法。最后给出了在平面应力和平面应变下求解裂纹尖端奇性场的算例。算例表明,本文所述方法不仅精度高,而且适应性强。     

Stress singularities in an anisotropic body of revolution

To fill the gap in the literature on the application of three-dimensional elasticity theory to geometrically induced stress singularities, this work develops asymptotic solutions for Williams-type stress singularities in bodies of revolution that are made of rectilinearly anisotropic materials. The Cartesian coordinate system used to describe the material properties differs from the coordinate system used to describe the geometry of a body of revolution, so the problems under consideration are very complicated. The eigenfunction expansion approach is combined with a power series solution technique to find the asymptotic solutions by directly solving the three-dimensional equilibrium equations in terms of the displacement components. The correctness of the proposed solution is verified by convergence studies and by comparisons with results obtained using closed-form characteristic equations for an isotropic body of revolution and using the commercial finite element program ABAQUS for orthotropic bodies of revolution. Thereafter, the solution is employed to comprehensively examine the singularities of bodies of revolution with different geometries, made of a single material or bi-materials, under different boundary conditions.     

A hybrid-stress element based on Hamilton principle

A novel hybrid-stress finite element method is proposed for constructing simple 4-node quadrilateral plane elements, and the new element is denoted as HH4-3fl here. Firstly, the theoretical basis of the traditional hybrid-stress elements, i.e., the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle, is replaced by the Hamilton variational principle, in which the number of the stress variables is reduced from 3 to 2. Secondly, three stress parameters and corresponding trial functions are introduced into the system equations. Thirdly, the displacement fields of the conventional bilinear isoparametric element are employed in the new models. Finally, from the stationary condition, the stress parameters can be expressed in terms of the displacement parameters, and thus the new element stiffness matrices can be obtained. Since the required number of stress variables in the Hamilton variational principle is less than that in the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle, and no additional incompatible displacement modes are considered, the new hybrid-stress element is simpler than the traditional ones. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the stress solutions, two enhanced post-processing schemes are also proposed for element HH4-3β. Numerical examples show that the proposed model exhibits great improvements in both displacement and stress solutions, implying that the proposed technique is an effective way for developing simple finite element models with high performance.     

新的一个求解带孔薄板弹性问题的二维杂交应力单元

建立了一个新的求解带圆孔薄板弹性问题的二维杂交应力单元,该单元为四节点四边形平面单元,名为P-HS4-8β。由极坐标系下的物理方程和几何方程求解出了一个极坐标方向的应力,通过将这个应力带入由Hellinger-Reissner原理推导的极坐标系下平面应力问题的能量方程中,得到了消除了该应力的能量方程,基于这个能量方程建立了杂交应力单元列式。根据圆孔边无外力条件和相容方程,推导了适用于求解带圆孔薄板问题的极坐标系下的二应力插值矩阵,并将此矩阵应用于新的有限单元列式中。数值算例表明新单元在求解孔边附近的应力时具有较高的精度。     

Analysis of bonded anisotropic wedges with interface crack under anti-plane shear loading

The antiplane stress analysis of two anisotropic finite wedges with arbitrary radii and apex angles that are bonded together along a common edge is investigated. The wedge radial boundaries can be subjected to displacement-displacement boundary condi- tions, and the circular boundary of the wedge is free from any traction. The new finite complex transforms are employed to solve the problem. These finite complex transforms have complex analogies to both kinds of standard finite Mellin transforms. The traction free condition on the crack faces is expressed as a singular integral equation by using the exact analytical method. The explicit terms for the strength of singularity are extracted, showing the dependence of the order of the stress singularity on the wedge angle, material constants, and boundary conditions. A numerical method is used for solving the resul- tant singular integral equations. The displacement boundary condition may be a general term of the Taylor series expansion for the displacement prescribed on the radial edge of the wedge. Thus, the analysis of every kind of displacement boundary conditions can be obtained by the achieved results from the foregoing general displacement boundary condition. The obtained stress intensity factors （SIFs） at the crack tips are plotted and compared with those obtained by the finite element analysis （FEA）.     

非线性复合材料的一种杂交应力有限单元方法

建立了非线性复合材料模型的杂交应力有限元方法,并在材料主坐标系下提出直接方法计算单元非线性应力场,然后由此计算单元切线刚度矩阵和剩余载荷并转换到整体坐标系下,利用Newton-Raphson方法进行结构的位移迭代。在Hahn-Tsai非线性复合材料杂交元分析中,由位移和应力方程所导出求解单元非线性应力场的简单迭代法是条件收敛的,对较大载荷当迭代位移增加到一定程度以后无法得到应力收敛解。但是,利用本文提出的直接法由于完全避免了非线性应力场迭代,不仅很好地解决了这一问题,而且极大地提高了计算效率。数值算例说明该方法是确实有效的。     

弹性力学问题的一阶有限元解法

求解弹性力学问题的应力时,如果采用常规的位移有限元法,需要先求得单元的节点位移,再经过求导运算得到。为了解决这种求解方式引起的应力精度下降的问题,提出了弹性力学问题的一阶多变量形式,使得应力与位移精度同阶,并推导了弱形式。采用有限元方法,对弹性力学问题给出了一阶解法的二维、三维数值算例,并且将一阶解法的结果与常规位移有限元法的解进行了比较。数值计算结果表明,一阶解法有效提高了应力的精度,并且应力的误差和节点位移的误差具有相同的收敛阶,验证了本文方法的有效性,为提高有限元法的应力精度提供了新的思路。