电刷镀Ni-PTFE纳米复合镀层的摩擦特性研究

利用电刷镀技术在A3钢基底上制备了Ni-PTFE纳米复合镀层;采用S-2700型扫描电子显微镜观察纳米复合镀层经抛光腐蚀后的表面形貌;采用HX-1000型显微硬度计测量复合镀层的显微硬度;采用MXTX S/X 20-0186型划痕试验仪测量纳米复合镀层的表面粗糙度和定载荷及变载荷作用下镀层的摩擦系数.结果表明:PTFE可以使复合镀层的组织致密,降低复合镀层的硬度和表面粗糙度;在室温、较小载荷及干摩擦条件下,PTFE可以降低复合镀层的摩擦系数(最低降至0.046);复合镀层和普通镀层的摩擦系数均随载荷的增加而增大;在较低载荷作用下,复合镀层的摩擦系数小于普通镀层的摩擦系数.     

Nano-WC/PTFE-Ni复合电刷镀层的磨损性能研究

采用电刷镀技术在Q235钢基材上制备含纳米WC和PTFE的镍基复合镀层,采用S-2700型扫描电子显微镜观察镀层表面形貌及其显微组织,采用HX-1型显微硬度计测定镀层的显微硬度,采用WS-2005型涂层附着力自动划痕仪测定镀层与基体的结合强度,采用HT-500型销-盘高温摩擦磨损试验机测量镀层的滑动磨损性能.结果表明:镀液中同时加入纳米WC和PTFE可以得到表面形貌平整、纳米粒子分布均匀的纳米复合镍镀层;复合镀层的硬度随WC含量的增加而增大,随PTFE含量的增加而减小;含有2种纳米粒子的复合镍镀层的耐磨性比镍镀层和含单一WC或PTFE的镍镀层的耐磨性优良;当镀液中WC和PTFE含量分别为3.0 g/L和7.5 mL/L时,复合镍镀层的显微硬度较镍镀层提高约30%,耐磨性较镍镀层提高7倍.     

电沉积Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能

用复合电沉积方法制备了Ni-La2O3纳米复合镀层,研究了La2O3纳米颗粒含量对纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜分析了其磨损机理.结果表明,在干摩擦条件下,随着La2O3纳米颗粒含量的增加,纳米复合镀层的摩擦系数降低,耐磨性能提高;La2O3质量分数为3.1%的纳米复合镀层的摩擦系数最低,耐磨性能最佳;纯Ni镀层呈现严重的粘着磨损特征,而纳米复合镀层主要呈现轻微磨粒磨损特征.     

Ni—P—纳米碳管化学复合镀层的摩擦磨损特性

用化学镀方法制备了 Ni- P-纳米碳管复合镀层 ,研究了热处理对复合镀层微观结构及摩擦学性能的影响 .结果表明 :Ni- P-纳米碳管复合镀层比 Ni- P- Si C和 Ni- P-石墨镀层具有更好的摩擦磨损性能 ;在 6 73K条件下热处理 2 h后 ,复合镀层的耐磨性能显著改善 ;除 Ni- P-纳米碳管复合镀层的摩擦系数基本不变以外 ,其余复合镀层的摩擦系数均降低 .     

纳米和微米TiO2对聚四氟蜡/聚氨酯复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

制备出纳米和微米TiO2改性聚四氟蜡/聚氨酯复合涂层,采用傅立叶红外光谱仪分析其结构,在MHK-500型摩擦磨损试验机上考察复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察分析复合涂层的磨损表面和偶件转移膜的分布情况.结果表明:纳米和微米TiO2可以增加聚四氟蜡/聚氨酯复合涂层的摩擦系数;5%纳米TiO2提高了聚四氟蜡/聚氨酯复合涂层的耐磨性;而添加微米TiO2则降低了聚四氟蜡/聚氨酯复合涂层的耐磨性能;同时,载荷和速度对纳米TiO2改性聚四氟蜡/聚氨酯复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能有很大影响,在低载荷、中速条件下复合涂层具有较好的耐磨性能.     

等离子喷涂Al2O3/TiO2陶瓷涂层在液态石蜡润滑下的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用纳米和微米结构Al2O3/TiO2喂料制备出2种陶瓷涂层,考察了这2种涂层在液体石蜡润滑下与不锈钢球摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能,并探讨了2种涂层的磨损机理.结果表明:液态石蜡润滑能有效降低纳米Al2O3/TiO2涂层与不锈钢球摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨损率,但是对微米涂层的润滑效果不明显.纳米涂层的摩擦系数仪为微米涂层的1/3,而磨损率则降低了70倍以上.纳米涂层的磨损机制在低载荷下是轻微的黏着磨损,高载荷下则是摩擦抛光,而微米涂层的磨损机制是晶粒脆性断裂.     

PTFE@SiO2核壳型添加剂在不同实验条件下的水润滑性能

采用原位聚合法制备了聚四氟乙烯@二氧化硅(PTFE@SiO₂)复合粒子. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、粒径分布仪以及傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对复合粒子的形貌、粒径分布和组成结构进行了分析. 结果表明:所制备的复合粒子呈核壳型复合结构,粒子尺寸处于亚微米级别. 分散性试验表明:该粒子在水中具有良好的分散性和稳定性. 利用LSR-2M往复式摩擦磨损试验机测试了不同试验条件下复合粒子在水环境中的摩擦学性能,结果表明:在常温、0.019 m/s滑动速率以及0.2 μm的钢盘粗糙度下,PTFE@SiO₂润滑剂具有最佳的摩擦学性能;相比于纯水和添加了PTFE/SiO₂的润滑剂,其摩擦系数降低了近80%,磨损体积减小了1~2个数量级. 分析表明:PTFE@SiO₂复合粒子优异的水润滑性能主要与核壳结构的存在以及在摩擦过程中形成的高质量转移膜密切相关.      

CdS纳米粒子的合成及其对PTFE基粘结固体润滑涂层摩擦学性能的影响

采用液相沉淀法制备了N,N-二辛基二硫代氨基甲酸修饰的Cd S纳米粒子,利用FTIR、XRD和SEM对其形貌与结构进行了表征,并利用MHK-500A环-块摩擦磨损试验机研究了Cd S纳米粒子含量和不同润滑条件对聚四氟乙烯基粘结固体润滑涂层摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:所合成的Cd S纳米粒子大小均匀,粒径为20~30 nm;且Cd S纳米粒子能够改善涂层的摩擦学性能,当Cd S纳米粒子的添加质量分数为5%时,涂层的摩擦学性能最佳,摩擦系数和耐磨寿命分别为0.256和490 m/μm;与干摩擦相比,RP-3航空煤油润滑下涂层具有较低的摩擦系数和较长的耐磨寿命,且航空煤油有益于涂层承载能力的提高,使涂层在1 000 N的载荷下仍具有较好的摩擦学性能.     

PTFE@SiO_2核壳型添加剂在不同实验条件下的的水润滑性能

采用原位聚合法制备了聚四氟乙烯@二氧化硅(PTFE@SiO_2)复合粒子.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、粒径分布仪以及傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对复合粒子的形貌、粒径分布和组成结构进行了分析.结果表明:所制备的复合粒子呈核壳型复合结构,粒子尺寸处于亚微米级别.分散性试验表明:该粒子在水中具有良好的分散性和稳定性.利用LSR-2M往复式摩擦磨损试验机测试了不同试验条件下复合粒子在水环境中的摩擦学性能,结果表明:在常温、0.019 m/s滑动速率以及0.2μm的钢盘粗糙度下,PTFE@SiO_2润滑剂具有最佳的摩擦学性能;相比于纯水和添加了PTFE/SiO_2的润滑剂,其摩擦系数降低了近80%,磨损体积减小了1～2个数量级.分析表明:PTFE@SiO_2复合粒子优异的水润滑性能主要与核壳结构的存在以及在摩擦过程中形成的高质量转移膜密切相关.     

电刷镀镍/镍包纳米Al_2O_3颗粒复合镀层微动磨损性能研究

应用电刷镀技术制备了含有镍包纳米 Al2 O3颗粒的镍基复合镀层 .与快速镍镀层对比考察了该复合镀层高温硬度的变化 ,同时还从微动磨损角度考察了该复合镀层耐磨性和摩擦系数的变化 .结果表明 :与快镍镀层相比 ,镍 /镍包纳米 Al2 O3复合镀层具有更高的高温硬度和更好的抗微动磨损性能 ;复合镀层在 40 0℃左右表现出较明显的强化趋势 ,具有较好的综合性能 ;纳米 Al2 O3颗粒使复合镀层的结构致密和细化 ,在磨损过程中起到了一定的减轻粘着和降低摩摩的作用 ;复合镀层的微动磨损机理主要为粘着磨损 .     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).