地下水封油库场区膨胀性蚀变岩的工程地质分析

地下水封油库作为国家的石油战略储备库,对库址区水文地质工程地质条件要求较高。然而,在实际的场区中,总是存在着各种不良地质体,直接影响着库址区的水文地质工程地质条件。本文以锦州地下水封油库为例,对地下水封油库场区膨胀性蚀变岩进行工程地质分析。场区的蚀变岩属中基性岩脉侵入的热液蚀变型,具有弱膨胀性。通过崩解试验,发现该蚀变岩具有一定的崩解性。通过岩矿薄片鉴定和X射线衍射分析,发现黏土矿物为蒙脱石。根据膨胀性蚀变岩的性质,地下油库在膨胀性蚀变岩段施工时应采取相应的治理措施。     

高地应力围岩流变特性及竖井长期稳定性分析

基于自行研制的重力加载流变仪,采用多级加载对4种典型矿岩开展了三点弯曲蠕变试验研究,获得了蠕变试验曲线. 将Burger's模型与Mohr-Coulomb准则相结合,形成改进的Burger's模型. 并通过最小二乘法对均质混合岩进行蠕变参数拟合,获得了与蠕变试验曲线相吻合的蠕变理论曲线. 结果表明改进的Burger's模型能较好地描述均质混合岩的蠕变特性. 在此基础上,采用该流变模型,对返修后的竖井工程进行三维流变数值模拟和稳定分析,为竖井工程的长期稳定预测和失稳风险预测提供了理论依据.      

软岩流变的一种新的试验研究方法

 研制了用于软岩流变的蠕变-松弛耦合试验仪，探讨了利用单级 加载和逐级加载两种方式确定软岩流变参数和长期强度的蠕变-松弛耦 合试验原理. 有关的具体试验表明，该仪器操作简便, 稳定性好，所得 结果客观、可靠，可在工程中推广应用.     

高渗压下水-岩相互作用试验研究

新研发的岩石高压渗透试验仪以静态伺服阀为主要控制元件,在脱离计算机控制条件下可使试样进水端水压保持不变。出水端水压采用调速阀控制,实现了高渗透压力下长时间的水-岩相互作用试验研究。在此基础上,提出了水-岩作用渗透液体不同时段各离子浓度变化的分析方法,并容易得到不同时段试样渗透性变化规律。为研究水-岩作用对岩石强度的影响,按基本相同条件,对该试样及未经长期水-岩渗流作用同一岩性试样进行了高渗压下的常规三轴试验,提出以试样临近破坏时的有效侧向应力大小进行强度分析,并按上述实际所加侧向压力大小及有效侧向压力大小,进行了常规饱水三轴压缩试验。试验得出,所研究蚀变岩在高渗压下水-岩作用结果与常温、常压条件测试结果类似,蚀变岩与库水的水化学反应微弱,对其自身岩体的渗透性及力学性质影响均较小。     

基于Weibull分布的盐岩分数阶蠕变本构模型研究

采用流变程控仪对湖北江汉油田盐岩试样进行了三轴蠕变实验。基于Weibull随机分布获得岩石损伤变量随加载时间的变化形式,构建了变黏性系数Abel粘壶本构关系。基于分数阶微分理论,采用将变黏性系数Abel粘壶替代西原正夫模型中Newton粘壶的方法,建立了盐岩蠕变损伤本构模型,并采用最小二乘法拟合获得了该本构模型中的参数。通过拟合曲线对比发现,本文提出的盐岩分数阶蠕变本构模型在描述盐岩的蠕变全过程,尤其是加速蠕变过程中具有较明显的优势,并且验证了西元正夫模型为本文所提出的本构模型的一个特例。     

对粘土的变流变参数模型的探讨

本文基于粘土的常流变参数模型的流变参数值离散性较大,而提出变流变参数模型.时间关系曲线.经过换算后可得应变-时间关...     

酸腐蚀条件下石膏岩分数阶蠕变本构模型研究

为探究地下水对岩石的侵蚀损伤,通过开展酸腐蚀条件下的石膏岩单轴压缩蠕变试验和扫描电镜试验,研究了不同pH条件下石膏岩单轴压缩蠕变特性以及酸腐蚀前后试样的微观变化。结果表明：酸腐蚀加快了试样的蠕变速度,酸性越强,蠕变速率越快;试样主要以劈裂和剪切破坏形式为主,端部出现损伤破坏的现象,酸性越强,损伤破坏越明显。微观上,干燥试样结构完整;而酸腐蚀后的试样,随着酸性增强,孔隙增多、增大,结构疏松。为描述酸腐蚀条件下石膏岩蠕变过程,通过引入酸腐蚀劣化衰减系数β对变系数Abel黏壶进行改造,用改造后的变系数Abel黏壶元件代替西原体中黏塑性体部分的牛顿黏壶,建立了考虑酸腐蚀条件下的分数阶蠕变本构模型。通过试验数据与所建立的模型进行参数拟合,确定了模型中的参数,并对引入的参数β进行了敏感性分析。研究表明,所提出的模型能够很好地反映酸腐蚀条件下石膏岩的蠕变三个阶段,尤其是加速蠕变阶段。     

煤矿泥岩流变模型辨识及支护方法的确定

结合高家梁煤矿斜井泥岩的流变变形特征, 对泥岩进行分析建模, 设计有效的泥岩斜井支护措施. 通过对泥岩进行蠕变加卸载试验, 采用统一流变力学模型理论建立了能表现泥岩流变特性的弹性--黏性--黏弹性--黏弹塑性模型, 并确定了流变模型参数. 结合泥岩试验测得的泥岩力学特性和现场观测资料, 设计采用锚喷网联合支护方法, 并采用大型有限元软件ADINA进行数值模拟分析, 该支护方法能有效控制泥岩变形, 采用的锚喷网支护方法合理可靠.     

不同应力差下非线性蠕变研究

深部工程处于复杂的环境场(应力场、温度场和渗流场)之中,引起的地下工程围岩流变破坏事故屡见不鲜。本文通过三轴蠕变实验,根据岩体流变力学和蠕变原理对影响深部岩体蠕变的因素进行了研究。用实验数据进行数值计算,得出了深部软岩巷道围岩在高地应力作用下的非线性蠕变模型,建立了应力差-时间-蠕变的定量关系,利用MATLAB软件得到了不同情况下的蠕变-时间曲线;应力差-时间-蠕变曲面。从而验证了非线性流变理论,找到了引起蠕变的主要因素应力差。并利用应力差理论分析了深部巷道围岩的蠕变破坏机理。     

金属蠕变与蠕变破坏理论综述

本文对金属在均匀单向与复杂应力状态下的蠕变与蠕变破坏行为及结构物蠕变下持久性发展了系统的试验与理论研究。 在试验研究中本文考虑了各种金属在恒应力与变应力下的行为,应力集中,加载方式对蠕变破坏的影响;同时还提出了材料的结构损伤的新的量测方法。     

西藏满拉水利枢纽左岸塌滑体稳定性研究

西藏满拉水利枢纽坝址位于高海拔、高地震烈度区, 其左岸上、下游均分布有规模较大的坍滑体, 影响边坡稳定和水工建筑物的安全运行。为此对左岸坍滑体进行了专门的勘察和试验研究, 并且在坍滑体上布置变形监测网, 在施工期和水库蓄水期及运行初期对坍滑体的地面变形, 地裂缝张开度和深部分层水平位移进行了监测。今后对上、下游坍滑体继续进行变形监测, 以便对可能产生的塌滑及时作出预报, 保证满拉水利枢纽长期安全运行是很有必要的。     

Creep fracture of sandstones

Creep is one of the important properties of rocks and rock masses. But the mechanism and characteristic of rocks in creep has not received the attention it deserves. Sandstones mined from Emei Mountain are investigated and tested by utilizing the three-point bending creep fracture test. A mathematical relation between stress intensity factors and durations of sustained loading for the above specimen is obtained based on the gray prediction theory. The obtained results provide a better understanding of rock fracture under creep.     

下卧软弱岩带变形模量取值研究

软弱岩带的变形模量对于工程建设意义重大,当前变形试验方法难以表征原位条件下软弱岩带的变形模量,导致取值偏于保守。本文基于弹性力学推导了下卧软弱岩带变形模量的解析解,建立了一种新的软弱岩带变形模量的取值方法。在现场试验成果的基础上,采用有限元反演,数值模拟成果与试验计算成果较为吻合,证明该计算方法合理可行,较常规方法直接在软弱岩带上开展的试验成果大幅提高。     

偏压条件下大型地下厂房围岩变形稳定性分析

根据下坂地水库协力波斯电站工程建设实际,在现场调查和电站区勘探、测试资料基础上深入分析地下厂房地质条件,建立了能够反映厂区地形地貌、岩体结构和地应力状态的三维数值模型。根据地应力实测资料反演拟合初始地应力场背景值,采用三维弹塑性有限差分法模拟了在偏压条件下地下厂房、主变室开挖过程中围岩变形和稳定性状况,揭示了各开挖阶段应力的集中部位和围岩潜在破坏部位,这对于工程具有重要的指导意义。     

岩石蠕变的应力-应变比分析

对岩石蠕变的应力-应变比分析方法进行了探索。蠕变是岩石重要的力学性质之一。岩石在各个应力水平下的蠕变曲线具有几何相似性。根据岩石蠕变的应力-应变比曲线可以近一步分析得到等时模量曲线。在岩石蠕变本构描述十分复杂、至今没有成熟的理论的情况下,应力-应变比分析方法具有十分重要的现实意义。     

岩体力学中流变与断裂的耦合作用

本文首先分析含Ｉ型裂纹岩石的流变断裂特性，提出了Ⅰ型裂纹流变断裂初度的三个阈值；然后应用断裂力学和粘塑性理论。得出了具有屈服、蠕变和Ⅱ型裂纹扩展等物理力学特性的岩体隧洞的衬砌与围岩应力的解析表达式。     

A new apparatus for testing the delayed mechanical behaviour of interfaces: The Shearing Interfaces Creep box (SInC box)

A new experimental apparatus is presented for testing the time-dependent behaviour of interfaces, including in particular interfaces of geomaterials, under constant loading. This apparatus allows the application of two orthogonal loads normal and tangential to the mean plane of the interface, as well as the measurement of the axial and tangential relative displacements. The sample is moulded inside two half shear boxes and the system is designed in such a way that the shear force is applied along the mean plane of the interface. Some preliminary testing was carried out on a clay rock/concrete interface, under a controlled temperature environment. Preliminary results are presented, showing the evolution of the delayed displacements.     

Geometrical versus rheological transient creep closure in a salt cavern

An in-situ test performed in a brine-filled cavern proves that, when brine pressure decreases rapidly, the creep closure rate increases drastically. Conversely, a rapid pressure increase leads to “reverse” creep closure: cavern volume increases, even when, at cavern depth, fluid pressure is lower than geostatic pressure. It is tempting to explain these two phenomena by transient salt creep, a characteristic feature of salt rheological behavior commonly observed during laboratory creep tests. In fact, computations performed on an idealized cylindrical cavern excavated from a Norton–Hoff rock mass (a constitutive law that includes no transient component) prove that these two phenomena are, at least partly, of a structural nature: their origin is in the slow redistribution of stresses following any pressure change.     

On a damage law for creep rupture of clays with accumulated inelastic deviatoric strain as a damage measure

To avoid the dependency on origin of time, an improved damage law for creep rupture of clays is proposed considering the accumulated inelastic deviatoric strain as a measure of damage, instead of incorporating time directly. This law is incorporated into an existing anisotropic elastoplastic-viscoplastic bounding surface model for clays. The performance of the damage law was demonstrated via the simulations of creep rupture tests on undisturbed clays, and generally a good agreement between model simulations and test data was obtained. Discussions on the creep rupture parameters were followed and further improvement was suggested. At present when high quality test data for creep rupture is very limited, the proposed damage law could serve as a practical way to model creep rupture of clays.     

An experimental study of rock compression shear fracture nucleus

This paper presents the research results concerning the microcracking zone near the notch tip in rock by compressive shear fracture specimen. By the white light speckles method, photoelastic coating test and microscopic observation on rock slices, it is has been found that the said microcracking zone is of asymmetric mulberry leaf shape and the rock grains in the zone are broken so as to form many cracks. In addition, a full field displacement pattern is obtained. The tests also demonstrate that the principal fracture plane of the rock in the compressive shear state is to propagate along the boundary plane of the microcracking zone. Finally, this paper gives a shape equation which describes the microcracking zone, of fracture nucleus for the rock under compression and shear.The project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaThe engineers involved in this projcet are Shao-Ping Gong, Shan-Yu Zhang, Xiang-Gui Long, Zhi-Jun Li, Cui-Yun Zhou, Chun-Ming Hu, Zhong-Jian Chen and Ru-Qiang Zhang.