拉索穹顶结构非线性分析的混合有限元增量法

拉索穹顶结构是由受压桅杆和拉索组成的新型柔性大跨度空间组合结构,几何上表现为极强的非线性特性,计算困难,本文应用有限元法,结合拉索穹顶结构特征,假定拉索和桅杆的受力满足虎克宣定律,建立了可以直接考虑拉索垂度影响的两节点索单元模型,并与两节点直杆单元相结合,基于修正的拉格朗日描述方法和虚功原理建立了拉索穹顶结构非线性分析的混合有限元增量方程。采用荷载增量法与Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈｓｏｎ法相结合的求解     

随机噪声作用下梁结构的非线性振动研究

考虑随机噪声影响,研究一端固支一端夹支的梁结构在横向外激励扰动下的非线性振动。首先,基于里兹-伽辽金法得到梁的振动控制方程并将其无量纲化,随后引入随机噪声进一步得到系统的随机动力学模型。在此基础上考虑高斯白噪声和有界噪声,分别研究2种随机噪声对梁结构随机动力学行为的影响,并利用随机Melnikov法求出系统的混沌阈值,得到2种随机噪声影响下系统的三维混沌阈值图。由数值计算结果可知,阻尼系数、外激励幅值和随机噪声对梁结构的振动都有影响,且阻尼小、外激励幅值大和随机噪声强都更容易导致随机系统产生混沌运动。此外,通过本研究可以分析比较不同随机噪声(如高斯白噪声和有界噪声)对梁结构振动状态的影响,从而以抑制梁结构在随机噪声影响下产生混沌运动为目的,提出更好的降噪方法。     

随机车辆冲击作用下简支梁桥疲劳可靠度评估

为了研究考虑随机车辆冲击效应的简支梁桥疲劳安全水平,提出了基于车-桥耦合振动与随机车流的桥梁疲劳应力谱模拟方法,并应用于疲劳可靠度评估。基于某高速公路桥梁动态称重数据建立随机车流模型,采用小样本车辆数据拟合桥梁等效疲劳应力范围的插值响应函数,最后由高斯混合模型拟合大样本随机车流作用于桥梁构件的疲劳应力谱。分析了25 m标准跨径简支T梁桥底部普通钢筋的疲劳应力谱,评估了考虑路面劣化与交通量增长的桥梁疲劳可靠度。数值分析结果表明,基于随机车流模拟的疲劳应力谱具有典型的多峰分布特征,包含了超载车辆产生的疲劳应力;车辆对桥梁的冲击效应致使等效疲劳应力放大系数略大于冲击系数,当路面等级为一般时,采用规范冲击系数将低估车辆冲击效应的疲劳损伤;路面劣化与交通量增长均会导致桥梁运营期内的疲劳可靠指标显著降低,由路面劣化导致车辆对简支梁桥的冲击效应不可忽略。     

轮对结构柔性对车轮辐板疲劳寿命的影响

针对高速动车非轴对称车轮辐板区域随机疲劳寿命问题,分别将轮对视为刚性体和柔性体建立了车辆-轨道系统动力学模型,仿真得到载荷时间历程和轮轨接触点在踏面上的位置时间历程。在三维有限元模型中使用约束方程模拟轮轴过盈配合,使非线性问题线性化,采用准静态叠加法得到应力时间历程。基于临界距离法中的点法,以疲劳破坏临界平面上的正应力为主循环计数参数,剪应力为辅助计数参数进行多轴循环计数,结合Spagnoli法和Miner理论研究了轮对结构柔性和车轴刚度对车轮辐板随机疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果表明,轮对结构柔性对车轮辐板疲劳寿命有较大影响。随着车轴刚度的降低,轮轨接触横向力的幅值显著增大,轮对模态的特征频率和车轮辐板区域的寿命降低。因此,在轮对轻量化设计时,需综合考虑车轴的结构刚度。     

拟哈密顿系统非线性随机最优控制

主要介绍近十几年来拟哈密顿系统非线性随机最优控制理论方法及其应用的研究成果, 包括基于拟哈密顿系统随机平均法与随机动态规划原理的非线性随机最优控制基本策略, 即响应极小化控制、随机稳定化、首次穿越损坏最小化控制、以概率密度为目标的控制, 为将它们应用于工程实际而作的部分可观测系统最优控制、有界控制、时滞控制、半主动控制、极小极大控制的进一步研究, 以及综合考虑这些实际问题的非线性随机最优控制的综合策略, 非线性随机最优控制在滞迟系统、分数维系统等中的若干应用, 介绍与这些研究有关的背景, 并指出今后有待进一步研究的问题.     

斜拉桥拉索在轴向窄带随机激励下的振动响应

导出了拉索在考虑垂度以及索张力沿索长变化时的参激随机微分方程,进一步给出了预测拉索在窄带随机激励下响应的近似理论解------用统计矩截断法求解矩方程,获得高斯闭合解和一阶非高斯闭合解. 以南京长江二桥约330米长的A20拉索为研究对象,对以上高斯闭合解和一阶非高斯闭合解进一步进行数值求解以获得拉索的响应,并采用Monte-Carlo数值方法对求解进行验证. 分析了拉索振动的一般特征,特别分析了激励中心频率和拉索频率比为1和2时的响应随激励带宽的变化特征,得到了一些新的结论.      

四自由度非线性系统的随机分岔混沌特性研究

以四自由度迟滞非线性随机振动模型为研究对象,以速度和位移立方的模型来模拟振动系统的迟滞非线性力,并以Monte Carlo法模拟随机位移激励,对迟滞非线性随机系统的动力学特性进行分析.通过系统的Poincare截面、分岔图及最大Lyapunov指数分析了系统迟滞非线性力各参数对系统混沌状态的影响.研究表明,非线性刚度系数对振动系统混沌状态的影响较小,线性阻尼项和线性刚度项次之,而非线性阻尼项的影响最为明显.不仅证明了非线性振动系统随机混沌振动现象的存在,更重要的是可以为非线性振动系统参数的合理取值提供理论依据.     

非线性随机动力系统的稳定性和分岔研究

在随机动力系统中的分岔──噪声导致的跃迁行为，是一种有别于确定性系统分岔与混沌的独特的非线性复杂现象．本文全面评述非线性随机系统的稳定性问题、离出问题、随机动力系统理论和随机分岔等各项研究的发展历史、基本的思想方法以及主要的研究成果．     

随机超载对疲劳裂纹扩展迟滞效应的模拟

考虑超载的迟滞效应,对随机超载作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展进行了模拟计算．载荷谱为在基本恒幅循环载荷基础上加入一以泊松流发生的随机超载序列,超载的大小为均匀分布．采用裂纹闭合模型考虑超载的迟滞效应,认为裂纹张开应力在超载引起的塑性区内按线性规律衰减．循环续循环模拟计算出裂纹从初始长度一直到疲劳破坏的扩展曲线．据此,计算了各种超载发生强度和大小下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的平均值与标准差。     

疲劳文献的初步分析

疲劳是力学上的一个分支.主要是研究材料和构件在承受交变循环载荷作用下的强度、应力状态与寿命关系问题.材料在循环加载下,某部可发生损伤递增过程.经一定的应力或应变循环后,损伤累积可使材料产生裂纹,进一步扩展后可完全断裂.这种情况叫作疲劳破坏.疲劳问题是一个涉面很广的学术课题.据统计, ...     

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF GUYED MASTS UNDER WIND LOAD

I. INTRODUCTION Wind-induced vibration is the critical factor for the safety of guyed masts. Many dynamic modelshave been proposed in the literature[1 , 2]. However, there are obvious de?ciencies in many of theseprevious works owing to the poor cabl…     

PATH INTEGRAL SOLUTION OF NONLINEAR DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURE UNDER WIND EXCITATION

IntroductionThe dynamic behavior of the nonlinear structure under wind excitation has beenobserved very complicated.Taking guyed masts as an example,only a few collapsingaccidents occurred under extreme atmospheric conditions[1],many took place under mild…     

Investigation of Random Response of Rotational Shell When Considering Geometric Nonlinear Behaviour

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随机桁架结构的非平稳随机动力响应分析

本文研究了随机桁架结构在非平稳随机激励下的动力响应问题。在利用随机因子法分析随机结构动力特性的基础上，给出了一种分析随机结构非平稳随机响应的新方法。从结构非平稳随机响应的表达式出发，同时考虑桁架结构的物理参数、几何尺寸的随机性，利用求解随机变量函数矩的方法和求解随机变量数字特征的代数综合法，导出了随机桁架结构在非平稳随机激励下位移响应均方值和应力响应均方值的均值、方差和变异系数的计算表达式。通过算例，分析了结构物理参数和几何尺寸的随机性对结构位移响应均方值和应力响应均方值随机变量随机性的影响。本文方法具有对随机结构进行一次动力分析便可求得动力响应的数字特征，且可以考察结构任一参数的随机性对结构非平稳随机响应分析结果的影响之优点。     

架设阶段悬索桥静力问题的随机有限元分析

架设阶段的悬索桥不仅具有显著的几何非线性行为，而且存在材料特性的变异。本文建立了以增量形式表达的非线性摄动法随机有限元列式，并编制了悬索桥静力分析程序ＳＮＡＰ。针对一座国内在建的悬索桥，计算了该桥在某一施工阶段考虑缆索弹性模量随机性时主梁跨中点位移的变化。结果表明，材料随机性的影响十分明显。     

Modeling vortex-shedding effects for the stochastic response of tall buildings in non-synoptic winds

This study derives a model for the vortex-induced vibration and the stochastic response of a tall building in strong non-synoptic wind regimes. The vortex-induced stochastic dynamics is obtained by combining turbulent-induced buffeting force, aeroelastic force and vortex-induced force. The governing equations of motion in non-synoptic winds account for the coupled motion with nonlinear aerodynamic damping and non-stationary wind loading. An engineering model, replicating the features of thunderstorm downbursts, is employed to simulate strong non-synoptic winds and non-stationary wind loading. This study also aims to examine the effectiveness of the wavelet-Galerkin (WG) approximation method to numerically solve the vortex-induced stochastic dynamics of a tall building with complex wind loading and coupled equations of motions. In the WG approximation method, the compactly supported Daubechies wavelets are used as orthonormal basis functions for the Galerkin projection, which transforms the time-dependent coupled, nonlinear, non-stationary stochastic dynamic equations into random algebraic equations in the wavelet space. An equivalent single-degree-of-freedom building model and a multi-degree-of-freedom model of the benchmark Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council (CAARC) tall building are employed for the formulation and numerical analyses. Preliminary parametric investigations on the vortex-shedding effects and the stochastic dynamics of the two building models in non-synoptic downburst winds are discussed. The proposed WG approximation method proves to be very powerful and promising to approximately solve various cases of stochastic dynamics and the associated equations of motion accounting for vortex shedding effects, complex wind loads, coupling, nonlinearity and non-stationarity.     

Static and dynamic response of elastic suspended cables with damage

In cable-stayed structures cables are subjected to potential damage, mainly due to fatigue and galvanic corrosion. The paper presents an analysis of damage effects on the statics and dynamics of suspended cables. An elastic continuous monodimensional model for damaged cables, including geometric nonlinearities, is formulated for the purpose. The damage is described as a diffused reduction of the cable axial stiffness, and defined through its intensity, extent and position. Exact solutions of the equations governing the cable static equilibrium under self-weight are achieved, and the significance of the tension loss and sag augmentation resulting from damage are investigated under variation of practically significant parameters. The system spectral properties characterizing the free undamped dynamics are obtained in a closed-form fashion for shallow cables within the low frequency range. The sensitivity of the frequencies to the intensity and extent of damage is discussed, outlining two damage effects, which alternatively stiffen or soften the cable modes, whose respective static and geometric origin is recognized. Finally, the symmetry-breaking induced by damage on the static profile is verified to destroy the crossing phenomenon (crossover) characterizing the frequency loci of undamaged cables, which degenerates into a narrow frequency veering phenomenon.     

Magnetic field effects on the nonlinear vibration of a rotor

The nonlinear vibration of a rotor operated in a magnetic field with geometric and inertia nonlinearity is investigated. An asymmetric magnetic flux density is generated,resulting in the production of a load on the rotor since the air-gap distribution between the rotor and the stator is not uniform. This electromagnetic load is a nonlinear function of the distance between the geometric centers of the rotor and the stator. The nonlinear equation of motion is obtained by the inclusion of the nonlinearity in the inertia, the curvature, and the electromagnetic load. After discretization of the governing partial differential equations by the Galerkin method, the multiple-scale perturbation method is used to derive the approximate solutions to the equations. In the numerical results, the effects of the electromagnetic parameter load, the damping coefficient, the amplitude of the initial displacement, the mass moment of inertia, and the rotation speed on the linear and nonlinear backward and forward frequencies are investigated. The results show that the magnetic field has significant effects on the nonlinear frequency of oscillation.     

随机超载下疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的计算

针对在基本循环载荷上加入随机超载序列的疲劳裂纹扩展问题，应用裂纹闭合的概念考虑超载的迟滞效应，将延迟时间描述成纯离散型马尔可夫过程。对相应的柯尔莫哥洛夫－费勒微积分方程进行了分步求解，结合疲劳断裂分别出现在基本循环峰载作用时和超载作用时两种情况，计算出不同可靠度下裂纹的扩展寿命，并研究了超载大小和发生强度对扩展寿命的影响。