The strain energy criterion of mixed-mode brittle fracture

In this paper, we proposed a new cr tenon or mixea-moae brittle fracture, i.e., the strain energy criterion, which can be stated as (K_Ⅰ/K_Ⅰc)² +(K_Ⅰ/K_Ⅰc)²+(K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅱc)²=1. This criterion is shown to be in good agreement with known experimental data.In this paper, an experimental criterion:(K_Ⅰ/K_Ⅰc)^m+(K_Ⅱ/K_Ⅱc)ⁿ=1, 1≤_n^m≤2.is also proposed.     

核级石墨PFC2D模型的宏细观参数分析

颗粒流软件PFC能够很好地处理非连续介质力学的问题,模拟核级石墨的损伤和断裂过程具有独特的优势。在采用PFC^2D模拟核级石墨时,为了增加模拟的便捷性,实现了PFC^2D细观参数的快速标定。本文首先设计了四因素四水平的正交试验,分析了核级石墨的宏观参数与PFC^2D的细观参数关系;然后基于建立的核级石墨宏细观参数的关系,采用PFC^2D模拟石墨IG11的三点弯曲试验,并从位移场变形、荷载-位移曲线和断裂参数三个方面验证其宏细观参数关系的正确性。结果表明,弹性模量E随平节理模量E_c的增加线性增加;抗拉强度σ_t随平节理抗拉强度σ_b的增加线性增加;泊松比ν随平节理刚度比k_n/k_s的增加先增大后减小;数值模拟的位移场变化和荷载-裂缝口张开位移P-CMOD曲线与试验结果较吻合,此外,断裂参数的最大误差不超过3.57%。     

Fixed point theorem of nonexpansive mappings in convex metric spaces

Let X be a convex metric space with the property that every decreasing sequence of nonenply dosed subsets of X with diameters tending to has menemptyintersection. This paper proved that if T is a mapping of a elosed conver nonempty subset K of X into itself satisfying the inequality:d(T_x,T_y)≤ad(x,t)+b{d(x,T_x)+d(y,T_y)}+c{d(x,T_x)+d(y,T_y)}for all x,y in K,where 0≤a<1,b≥0,c≥0,a+c≠0 and a+2b+3c≤1, then T has a unique fixed point in K.     

On near-wall hot-wire measurements

A specially constructed hot-wire probe was used to obtain very near-wall velocity measurements in both a fully developed turbulent channel flow and flat plate boundary layer flow. The near-wall hot-wire probe, having been calibrated in a specially constructed laminar flow calibration rig, was used to measure the mean streamwise velocity profile, distributions of streamwise and spanwise intensities of turbulence and turbulence kinetic energy k in the viscous sublayer and beyond; these distributions compare very favorably with available DNS results obtained for channel flow. While low Reynolds number effects were clearly evident for the channel flow, these effects are much less distinct for the boundary layer flow. By assuming the dissipating range of eddy sizes to be statistically isotropic and the validity of Taylor's hypothesis, the dissipation rate ɛ _iso in the very near-wall viscous sublayer region and beyond was determined for both the channel and boundary layer flows. It was found that if the convective velocity U _c in Taylor's hypothesis was assumed to be equal to the mean velocity Uˉ at the point of measurement, the value of (ɛ⁺ _iso)₁ thus obtained agrees well with that of (ɛ ⁺)_DNS for y ⁺ ≥ 80 for channel flow; this suggests the validity of assuming U _c=Uˉ and local isotropy for large values of y ⁺. However, if U _c was assumed to be 10.6u _τ , the value of (ɛ⁺ _iso)₂ thus obtained was found to compare reasonably well with the distribution of (ɛ⁺ _iso)_DNS for y ⁺≤ 15. Received: 31 May 1999/Accepted: 20 December 1999     

[0, k i]1 m -Factorizations Orthogonal to a Subgraph

Let G be a graph,k₁,…,k_m be positive integers. If the edges of graph G can be decomposed into some edge disjoint. [0,k₁]-factor. F₁,…,[0,k_m]-factor F_m, then we can say F={F₁,…,F_m, is a [0,k_i]_m¹-factorization of G. If H is a subgraph with m edges in graph G and |E(H)∩E(F_i)|=1 for all 1≤i≤m, then we can call that F is orthogonal to H. It is proved that if G is a..[0,k₁+…+k_m-m+1]-graph, H is a subgraph with m edges in G, then graph G has a. [0,k_i]₁^m-factorization orthogonal to H.     

基于态型近场动力学的淬火陶瓷破坏过程分析

基于态型近场动力学理论进行复合陶瓷板淬火破坏过程力学建模与分析。引入热膨胀项反映材料的热致变形,基于物质点对的断裂定义损伤,构建三维非局部常规态型近场动力学热弹脆性模型,结合多速率显式积分法计算热-力耦合,实现热冲击荷载作用下陶瓷板起裂和裂纹扩展全过程的模拟。通过模拟典型淬火Al₂O₃陶瓷板的破坏过程,并与实验和其他数值结果对比,验证了该模型和方法。使用该模型研究了含不同α-Al₂O₃纤维掺杂比率的Al₂O₃复合陶瓷板淬火破坏过程,结果表明,断裂韧性的提高显著减少了裂纹数量并延后起裂时间;含5%α-Al₂O₃纤维掺杂比率的复合陶瓷材料综合力学性能最优,能够有效提升构件抵抗热冲击荷载能力。     

压电压磁材料中正n边形孔边裂纹分析

基于电磁复合材料力学,运用Stroh型公式和复变函数方法,针对压电压磁材料中含正n边形孔边裂纹反平面问题进行了研究。利用Schwarz-Christoffel变换技术,结合Cauchy积分公式和留数定理,导出了磁电全非渗透型边界条件下任意正n边形裂纹尖端场强度因子和能量释放率的解析解。当缺失磁场时,所得解退化为已有结果,以此验证方法的有效性。通过数值算例,对比分析了n=3,n=4和n=5三种特殊情形对应的孔口边长、裂纹长度和受到的力、电和磁载荷对等效场强度因子和无量纲能量释放率的影响规律。研究结果发现,正n边形孔洞的尺寸和裂纹长度均会促进裂纹扩展,且前者的影响更显著一些;正n边形边的数量增加会阻止裂纹的扩展;在磁电全非渗透型边界条件下,机械载荷始终促进裂纹的扩展,电位移载荷可以促进或抑制裂纹的扩展,磁载荷对裂纹的扩展贡献较少。本研究结果适用于任意正n边形孔边裂纹求解问题,为压电压磁材料元器件的优化设计和断裂特性分析提供了新思路。     

基于B-样条小波的复合材料层合板灵敏度分析

基于BSWI样条小波有限元方法,将响应和响应的灵敏度系数同时看作状态变量,在Hamilton体系下推导了复合材料层合板响应和响应灵敏度系数的混合控制方程。基于该混合控制方程研究了对称铺层四边固支复合材料层合板的位移响应灵敏度系数在z方向上的分布情况,并将计算结果与有限差分法进行比较。结果表明:材料参数E₁,E₂和G₁₂对位移响应影响明显,其中以E₁对位移响应的影响最大,E₂次之。与经验法相比,半解析法计算结果相对误差小于10^-4,这说明本文的计算方法是正确的,且降低了计算成本和程序实现难度,提高了计算精度。     

改进的Park-Ang再生混凝土柱地震破坏模型的试验研究

通过对不同配比的6根再生混凝土(RAC)柱进行低周反复加载试验。由于现有普通混凝土结构地震破坏损伤模型均为基于普通混凝土结构所构建的,是否适用于RAC结构的地震损伤破坏计算仍不明确;为能够有效考虑RAC中再生骨料取代率及混杂纤维掺量等因素所造成的普通混凝土结构地震破坏损伤模型中循环荷载系数β的不确定性及其对损伤指数计算结果的影响,同时提高计算模型的预见性与可靠性,本文提出了一种适用于RAC结构的改进的双参数损伤模型。通过模型的计算结果与实际结构各震害破损度D_c的对比,确定了适用于RAC结构的双参数损伤模型中循环荷载系数β的值。     

复杂凸多面体随机紧密堆积组构性能的数值研究:形状参数的影响

颗粒材料的宏观物理力学性能依赖于颗粒堆积体系的细观组构性能,研究颗粒堆积体系的组构性能有重要意义。然而,当前对颗粒堆积体系组构性能的研究集中于球、椭球和正则多面体等规则几何体,还未有对复杂凸多面体颗粒堆积体系组构性能的系统研究。本文基于旋转椭球面黄金螺旋网格构造了一组复杂凸多面体颗粒模型(Poly_κ-ngs),然后基于松弛算法获得了Poly_κ-ngs多面体的随机紧密堆积结构,最后研究了几何形状参数对Poly_κ-ngs多面体随机紧密堆积体系组构性能的影响。结果表明,长径比κ和顶点数量n_gs均对堆积体系的组构性能有影响,κ是主要影响因素。Poly_κ-ngs多面体随机紧密堆积结构中颗粒的位置分布均匀,长径比κ越接近1,顶点数量n_gs越大时,堆积结构表现出更强的位置长程有序性;颗粒方向分布不均匀,长径比κ越远离1,不均匀程度越高;最高堆积分数随长径比κ的增大先增大后减小,在κ=1时达到峰值;配位数分布服从高斯分布,平均配位数随形状参数的变化和堆积分数不同;面-面接触数量随长径比κ的增大先增大后减小,和堆积分数变化规律一致。本研究为复杂凸多面体颗粒的随机紧密堆积提供了数值模拟方案,得出的结论对含有凸多面体颗粒材料的设计和性能优化具有参考意义。     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).