多边形有限元研究进展

有限元法是数值求解偏微分方程边值问题的重要方法,采用不规则多边形单元网格, 可以方便有效地模拟材料的力学性能, 又使得区域网格剖分变得灵活方便. 特别是对于复杂的几何形状, 多边形单元网格具有更大的优势. 本文对国内外有关多边形有限元法的最新进展作了初步的总结和评述, 主要以基于位移法的多边形有限元为主.论述了多边形有限元的发展历史, 给出了多边形单元上的Wachspress插值、Laplace插值和重心坐标的一些最新研究成果. 与经典有限元法形函数为多项式形式不同, 多边形单元的形函数为有理函数或者无理函数形式. 多边形单元插值形函数满足线性完备性, 可以再现线性位移场, 像经典有限元法一样直接施加本质边界条件; 插值函数在多边形的边界上是线性的,确保不同单元间的自动协调. 不同单元的插值形函数表达公式形式统一, 方便混合单元网格计算的程序编写. 提出了多边形有限元法今后需要研究的问题.      

基于XFEM与自适应网格的非均质材料裂纹扩展模拟

针对含有间断的非均匀材料的断裂问题，本文将虚节点多边形单元的形函数引入到扩展有限元（XFEM）中，提出了一种基于四叉树结构的动态网格细化方法，该方法可对间断面附近单元实现可调控的多层级细化，特别是对于裂纹扩展问题，可实现裂尖附近单元的动态网格细化与粗化。基于以上网格细化方法，本文提出了针对非均匀材质裂纹扩展问题的计算方法VP-XFEM。为验证算法的准确性与计算效率，针对含有孔洞及材料界面的断裂问题，本文给出了相应的算例。结果显示，与传统的一致性网格的XFEM相比，VP-XFEM能够明显改善计算精度与计算效率。     

Analytical Treatment of Boundary Integrals in Direct Boundary Element Analysis of Plan Potential and Elasticity Problems

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求解弹性力学问题的有理单元法

传统的位移有限元法采用多项式形式的位移试函数,对于边数大于4的多边形单元,构造满足单元间协调性要求的多项式形式位移插值函数是一件困难的工作。本文利用逆距离权插值的思想并考虑到单元节点的分布,建立了边数大于4多边形单元上的有理函数形式的形函数。利用有理试函数,采用Galerkin法推导出求解平面弹性力学问题的有理单元法。采用有理单元法求解弹性力学问题,求解区域根据需要可以划分为任意多边形单元,极大地提高了网格划分的灵活性。有理单元法不依赖等参变换,不同单元的形函数表达形式统一,方便计算程序的编写。     

Numerical simulation of polygonal particles moving in incompressible viscous fluids

A two-dimensional coupled lattice Boltzmann immersed boundary discrete element method is introduced for the simulation of polygonal particles moving in incompressible viscous fluids. A collision model of polygonal particles is used in the discrete element method. Instead of a collision model of circular particles, the collision model used in our method can deal with particles of more complex shape and efficiently simulate the effects of shape on particle–particle and particle–wall interactions. For two particles falling under gravity, because of the edges and corners, different collision patterns for circular and polygonal particles are found in our simulations. The complex vortexes generated near the corners of polygonal particles affect the flow field and lead to a difference in particle motions between circular and polygonal particles. For multiple particles falling under gravity, the polygonal particles easily become stuck owing to their corners and edges, while circular particles slip along contact areas. The present method provides an efficient approach for understanding the effects of particle shape on the dynamics of non-circular particles in fluids.     

广义参变本构模型分析

本文考察了力和(或)位移受给定条件控制的结构单元。这种控制条件可由线性化折线型本构关系表征,其本构关系是广义的,包括弹性、塑性、接触及其组合单元。借助于参变量变分原理和分级方法,具有广义本构关系单元的结构可以得解。所提出的方法还可直接用于解断裂问题。     

无网格介点法求解Helmholtz方程

作为一种配点型无网格法，无网格介点MIP法具有数值实施简单、计算精度高、运算高效和适用范围广等优点。Helmholtz方程是科学与工程问题中广泛应用的一类特殊方程，因此对MIP法求解此类方程的适用性进行了验证。利用MIP法的d适应性，给出了MIP法求解该方程的两种计算格式。在数值算例中，分别对平面规则域和不规则域上的一般Helmholtz方程，以及轴对称Helmholtz方程进行了数值分析。结果表明，MIP法完全适用于求解Helmholtz方程。而且，MIP法的计算精度和收敛性都优于普通配点法。此外，MIP法的两种计算格式中，L2C0型通常具有更好的计算效果，故建议将该计算格式作为MIP法求解该类方程的标准形式。     

基于优化多核极限学习机的车轮多边形磨耗识别

多边形车轮是铁路机车车辆中普遍存在的一种磨损现象, 随着列车运营里程的增加, 车轮磨耗程度显著提升, 严重影响着列车乘坐舒适性和运营安全性, 借助于列车运营监测大数据开展多边形车轮动态检测方法研究具有重要意义. 本研究基于列车轴箱垂向加速度建立了多边形车轮定量识别模型, 首先通过阶次分析识别出轴箱加速度中包含的多边形车轮主要阶次, 同时获取各阶次对应的加速度幅值信息, 在此基础上引入加速度信号熵特征共同构建多边形车轮磨耗幅值识别特征矩阵, 然后建立遗传变异粒子群优化多核极限学习机 (GMPSO-MKELM) 识别模型, 通过特征矩阵与磨耗幅值的映射关系, 进一步实现了车轮多边形磨耗幅值识别. 通过仿真与现场实测数据研究结果表明, 所提出的识别模型能有效地从轴箱加速度中提取多边形车轮主要阶次, 磨耗幅值的识别精度均优于对比模型且具有较高的检测效率, 可实现均方根误差为0.0010 (仿真结果) 与0.0134 (试验结果) 的精确识别, 本文提出的多边形车轮磨耗识别模型可为列车车轮检测与智能维护提供理论基础.      

弹塑性力学问题的虚单元法

具有有限差分法特征的虚单元法，可视为是有限元法向任意多边形单元的扩展。在材料细观力学性能表征、非均质材料力学分析等非线性问题方面，传统的弹塑性有限元法具有网格数目多、效率低下等不足之处，而虚单元法使网格划分更加灵活，为材料的弹塑性力学分析等非线性问题提供了新的思路。基于增量法弹塑性力学原理和双线性投影算子，建立了弹塑性力学问题的虚单元法求解技术，提出了弹塑性力学问题虚单元法的应力更新方案，研究了弹性力学问题虚单元法的精度和收敛性，讨论了虚单元法求解弹塑性力学问题的网格依赖性。同时，开展了任意多边形和凹多边形单元的数值试验研究，结果表明，虚单元法无须分割多边形，仅需节点自由度便可求得单元刚度矩阵和应力等效荷载，程序实现简单，计算精度高，改善了传统有限元的网格依赖性和塑性区的网格奇异性。     

尖锐夹杂角端部局部应力场杂交有限元分析

本文首先利用作者曾提出的一维有限元特征分析方法计算所得到的尖锐夹杂角端部应力奇异指数和奇异应力场、位移场角分布函数,并依据Hellinger-Reissner原理,开发出了一个特殊的、能够反映夹杂角端部局部弹性现象的n结点多边形超级角端部单元,然后将该超级单元与标准的4结点杂交应力单元耦合在一起构建了一种分析异形夹杂角端部奇异弹性场的新型特殊杂交应力有限元方法.文中给出了两个应用算例,算例结果表明:本文方法不仅使用单元少、计算结果精度高,而且适用范围广,可拓展应用于分析复合材料微结构组织与力学行为关系.     

基于参变量变分原理的非均质多边形微结构材料弹塑性分析

为了更好地模拟复合材料及含夹杂非均质材料等的宏观弹塑性力学性能,简化有限元建模时间和减少有限元模拟计算量。本文基于参变量变分原理,提出了一种采用任意多边形弹塑性单元进行结构非线性分析的参数二次规划算法,给出了参变量最小势能原理以及最终的二次规划模型,并在有限元分析与优化设计软件系统JIFEX上进行了程序实现。数值算例证明了本文方法的正确与可行性。     

非线性振动系统周期运动及其稳定性的数值研究

§1引言确定型非线性振动系统的运动可分类如下: 1.非定常运动;2.定常运动:(1)周期运动,(2)各态历经运动,(3)浑沌运动。其中非定常运动是一暂态过程,会随着时间的增长逐步衰减乃至实际上消失。定常运动中的各态历经运动,指系统至少有两个互不通约(即其比值为无理数)的振动频率,因此运动虽然局      

Non-element method of solving 2D boundary problems defined on polygonal domains modeled by Navier equation

The paper presents a non-element method of solving boundary problems defined on polygonal domains modeled by corner points. To solve these problems a parametric integral equation system (PIES) is used. The system is characterized by a separation of the approximation of boundary geometry from the approximation of boundary functions. This feature makes it possible to effectively investigate the convergence of the obtained solutions with no need of performing the approximation of boundary geometry. The testing examples included confirm high accuracy of the solutions.     

Moving least squares reconstruction for sharp interface immersed boundary methods

We propose a new approach for reconstructing velocity boundary conditions in sharp-inerface immersed boundary (IB) methods based on the moving least squares (MLS) interpolation method. The MLS is employed to not only reconstruct velocity boundary conditions but also to calculate the pressure and velocity gradients in the vicinity of the immersed body, which are required in fluid structure interaction problems to obtain the force exerted by the fluid on the structure. To extend the method to arbitrarily complex geometries with nonconvex shaped boundaries, the visibility method is combined with the MLS method. The performance of the proposed curvilinear IB MLS (CURVIB-MLS) is demonstrated by systematic grid-refinement studies for two- and three-dimensional tests and compared with the standard CURVIB method employing standard wall-normal interpolation for reconstructing boundary conditions. The test problems are flow in a lid-driven cavity with a sphere, uniform flow over a sphere, flow on a NACA0018 airfoil at incidence, and vortex-induced vibration of an elastically-mounted cylinder. We show that the CURVIB-MLS formulation yields a method that is easier to implement in complex geometries and exhibits higher accuracy and rate of convergence relative to the standard CURVIB method. The MLS approach is also shown to dramatically improve the accuracy of calculating the pressure and viscous forces imparted by the flow on the body and improve the overall accuracy of FSI simulations. Finally, the CURVIB-MLS approach is able to qualitatively capture on relatively coarse grids important features of complex separated flows that the standard CURVIB method is able to capture only on finer grids.     

An analytical interface reconstruction algorithm in the PLIC‐VOF method for 2D polygonal unstructured meshes

Piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) schemes have been extensively employed in the volume‐of‐fluid (VOF) method for interface capturing in numerical simulations of multiphase flows. Polygonal unstructured meshes are often adopted because of their geometric flexibility and superiority in gradient calculation. An analytical interface reconstruction algorithm in the PLIC‐VOF method for arbitrary convex polygonal cells has been proposed in this study. The line interface at a given orientation within a polygonal cell is located by an analytical technique. It has been tested successfully for four different geometric shapes that are common in polygonal meshes. The computational efficiency of the present algorithm has been compared with several published schemes in the literature. The proposed algorithm has been shown to yield higher accuracy with reduction in computational complexity. A numerical simulation of a dam‐breaking problem has been performed using the proposed analytical PLIC technique on polygonal meshes. The results are in good agreement with experimental data available in the literature, which serves as a demonstration of its performance in a real multiphase flow.     

Construction of n-sided polygonal spline element using area coordinates and B-net method

In general, triangular and quadrilateral elements are commonly applied in two-dimensional finite element methods. If they are used to compute polycrystalline materials, the cost of computation can be quite significant. Polygonal elements can do well in simulation of the materials behavior and provide greater flexibility for the meshing of complex geometries. Hence, the study on the polygonal element is a very useful and necessary part in the finite element method. In this paper, an n-sided polygonal element based on quadratic spline interpolant, denoted by PS2 element, is presented using the triangular area coordinates and the B-net method. The PS2 element is conforming and can exactly model the quadratic field. It is valid for both convex and non-convex polygonal element, and insensitive to mesh distortions. In addition, no mapping or coordinate transformation is required and thus no Jacobian matrix and its inverse are evaluated. Some appropriate examples are employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed element.     

Global interpolating meshless shape function based on generalized moving least-square for structural dynamic analysis

A global interpolating meshless shape function based on the generalized moving least-square (GMLS) is formulated by the transformation technique. Both the shape function and its derivatives meet the Kronecker delta function property. With the interpolating GMLS (IGMLS) shape function, an improved element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is proposed for the structural dynamic analysis. Compared with the conventional EFG method, the obvious advantage of the proposed method is that the essential boundary conditions including both displacements and derivatives can be imposed by the straightforward way. Meanwhile, it can greatly improve the ill-condition feature of the standard GMLS approximation, and provide good accuracy at low cost. The dynamic analyses of the Euler beam and Kirchhoff plate are performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the improved method. The comparison between the numerical results of the conventional method and the improved method shows that the proposed method has better stability, higher accuracy, and less time consumption.     

最小二乘子域配点法求解高层简体结构的内力和位移

本文针对高层筒体结构在静力荷载作用下的内力和位移分析提出了最小二乘子域配点解法。把框筒分成若干个子域,每个子域折算为连续体,分析其受力性能并进行整体分析以建立数学模式,然后对其控制方程、子域交界条件等配点得到一组配点方程而易于求解。文中建议了满足位移边界条件的位移试函数,给出了框简结构算例,同时也给出了筒申简结构的处理办法。本文方法来知量甚少,全部计算可在微机甚至袖珍机上进行。     

Scaling granular material with polygonal particles in discrete element modeling

Despite advancements in computational resources, the discrete element method (DEM) still requires considerable computational time to solve detailed problems, especially when it comes to the large-scale models. In addition to the geometry scale of the problem, the particle shape has a dramatic effect on the computational cost of DEM. Therefore, many studies have been performed with simplified spherical particles or clumps. Particle scaling is an approach to increase the particle size to reduce the number of particles in the DEM. Although several particle scaling methods have been introduced, there are still some disagreements regarding their applicability to certain aspects of problems. In this study, the effect of particle scalping on the shear behavior of granular material is explored. Real granular particles were scanned and imported as polygonal particles in the direct shear test. The effect of particle size distribution, particle angularity, and the amount of scalping were investigated. The results show that particle scalping can simulate the correct shear behavior of the model with significant improvement in computational time. Also, the accuracy of the scalping method depends on the particle angularity and particle size range.     

多边形有限单元形函数的比较研究

多边形有限单元形函数有wachspress插值、Laplace插值和平均值插值三种类型.本文对三种多边形有限单元形函数的性质作了比较研究,给出了三种形函数各自的优点和局限性.Waclaspress和Laplace形函数是有理函数形式,而平均值形函数是无理函数形式.三种形函数均满足单位分解性、线性完备性,且在单元边界上呈线性.在三角形单元上,它们都等价于三角形面积坐标插值.在矩形单元上,Wachspress和Laplace形函数等价于双线性多项式插值形函数.Wachspress和平均值形函数适用于任意凸多边形单元,Laplace形函数更适用于圆内接多边形单元.Wachspress形函数不能推广到含有边节点的单元,平均值形函数可以直接推广到含有边节点的单元.数值试验,验证了本文理论分析的结论.