肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性相关蛋白研究进展

重点综述了Siah, HIF, NF-κB和DNA-PK蛋白与肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性关系的最新研究进展。 总结了中国科学院重离子束辐射生物医学重点实验室近几年来在BRCA1等肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性相关蛋白方面的研究工作。 简介了HLET C离子束治疗肿瘤的优点。 展望了此实验室借助兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)提供的C离子束研究肿瘤细胞辐射敏感性相关蛋白的目标和方向。 The research progress of tumor cells radiosensitivity associated protein Siah, HIF,NF-κB and DNA-PK are summarized and reviewed. The recent works of our laboratory on tumor cells radiosensitivity associated proteins such as BRCA1 are demonstrated. In the present review, we focused on discussions about the advantages of heavy ion therapy and its possible application in the research of radiosensitivity associated proteins. At the end of this review, we highlighted the future trend and potential targets in the study of tumor cells radiosensitivity associated proteins.     

Synthesis and Characteristics of Type Ib Diamond Doped with NiS as an Additive

Large diamond single crystals doped with NiS are synthesized under high pressure and high temperature. It is found that the effects on the surface and shape of the synthesized diamond crystals are gradually enhanced by increasing the NiS additive amount. It is noted that the synthesis temperature is necessarily raised to 1280℃ to realize the diamond growth when the additive amount reaches 3.5% in the synthesis system. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) demonstrate that S is incorporated into the diamond lattice and exists in the form of C–S bond. Based on the FTIR results, it is found that N concentration in diamond is significantly increased, which are ascribed to the NiS additive. The analysis of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that S is present in states of C–S, S–O and C–S–O bonds. The relative concentration of S compared to C continuously increases in the synthesized diamonds as the amount of additive NiS increases. Additionally,the electrical properties can be used to characterize the obtained diamond crystals and the results show that diamonds doped with NiS crystals behave as n-type semiconductors.     

Dressed Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy Modified by Polarization Interference and Atom-Wall Collision in Micrometric Thin Cells

Dressed four-wave mixing （DFWM） spectroscopy is investigated theoretically in some micrometric thin cells. It is found that DFWM spectra can be modified by polarization interference of atoms and transient effects induced by atom-wall collision. This modification can lead to width-narrowing of DFWM lines and facilitates to implement experiment of high resolution DFWM spectroscopy in a confined atomic system.     

Coating Qualities Evaluation for Alkali-Metal Atomic Vapor Cells Based on Frustrated Total Internal Reflection

To realize accurate measurement of coating thickness and surface reliefs for alkali-metal vapor cells, a measurement method based on frustrated total internal reflection （FTIR） is proposed. Firstly, the phenomenon of frustrated total internal reflection and the theory of coating thickness measurement based on FTIR are introduced. Then a coating thickness measuring system based on FTIR is established and the coating thickness measuring experiment is carried out. Next, surface reliefs are obtained by analyzing distributions of the data of coating thickness. The experimental results indicate that the FTIR method can measure coating thickness exactly with an accuracy better than 2 nm, which can satisfy the evaluation of coating qualities for alkali-metal vapor cells.     

Sodium chloride methanol solution spin-coating process for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells

The sodium chloride methanol solution process is conducted on the conventional poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61)BM) polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. The device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of up to 3.36%, 18% higher than that of the device without the solution process. The measurements of the active layer by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), atomic force microscopy(AFM), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS) indicate a slight phase separation in the vertical direction and a sodium chloride distributed island-like interface between the active layer and the cathode. The capacitance–voltage(C–V) and impedance spectroscopy measurements prove that the sodium chloride methanol process can reduce the electron injection barrier and improve the interfacial contact of polymer solar cells. Therefore, this one-step solution process not only optimizes the phase separation in the active layers but also forms a cathode buffer layer, which can enhance the generation, transport, and collection of photogenerated charge carriers in the device simultaneously. This work indicates that the inexpensive and non-toxic sodium chloride methanol solution process is an efficient one-step method for the low cost manufacturing of polymer solar cells.     

Effects of Nitric Oxide on Growth and Sensitivity of Human Glioma A172 Cells to ^60Co and X-ray Radiation

Nitric oxide (NO)has been implicated both in regression and progression of tumors due to its production by both tumor cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. Ionizing radiation causes the regression of tumors, and can augment the production of NO by macrophages in vitro. The authors examined the effect of nitric oxide (NO) generating agent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the growth and radiosensitivity of cultured glioma A172 cells to ^60Co or X-ray radiation.     

Reactive oxygen species in plasma against E.coli cells survival rate

In this paper, we report on the contrastive analysis of inactivation efficiency of E. coli cells in solution with different disinfection methods. Compared with the hydrogen peroxide solution and the ozone gas, the atmospheric-pressure He plasma can completely kill the E. coli cells in the shortest time. The inactivation efficiency of E. coli cells in solution can be well described by using the chemical reaction rate model. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis shows that the C–O or C=O content of the inactivated E. coli cell surface by plasma is predominantly increased, indicating the quantity of oxygen-containing species in plasma is more than those of two other methods, and then the C–C or C–H bonds can be broken, leading to the etching of organic compounds. Analysis also indicates that plasma-generated species can play a crucial role in the inactivation process by their direct reactions or the decompositions of reactive species, such as ozone into OH radicals in water, then reacting with E. coli cells.     

Monitoring the reaction between AICl3 and o-xylene by using terahertz spectroscopy

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy （THz-TDS） is used to study the interaction between AlCl3 and o-xylene in a temperature range from 300 K to 368 K. For comparison, the three isomers of o-, m-, and p-xylene are measured by using THz-TDS. The o-xylene carries out isomerization reaction in the presence of catalyst AlCl3. The absorption coefficient of the mixed reaction solution is extracted and analyzed in the frequency range from 0.2 THz to 1.4 THz. The temperature dependence of the absorption coefficient, which is influenced by both the dissolution of AlCl3 and the production of the two other isomer resultants, is obtained, and it can indicate the process of the isomerization reaction. The results suggest that THz spectroscopy can be used to monitor the isomerization reaction and other reactions in chemical synthesis, petrochemical and biomedical fields.     

和厚朴酚对非小细胞肺癌细胞的辐射增敏效应

研究了和厚朴酚（HNK）对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）细胞系A549和H1299对低线性能量转移（LET） X射线和高LET碳离子的辐射增敏效应。首先用CCK-8检测了HNK对A549和H1299细胞的生长抑制情况,发现20 μmol/L的HNK处理对细胞的生长抑制作用较弱。用该浓度HNK预处理细胞2 h后给予不同剂量X射线或碳离子的照射,克隆存活法检测细胞的辐射敏感性,Annexin-PI双染法检测细胞凋亡,γH2AX焦点法检测DNA的双链断裂（DSB）损伤。实验结果显示:与X射线相比,NSCLC细胞对碳离子更敏感,HNK预处理仅对碳离子照射有辐射增敏作用;与碳离子单独照射相比,HNK预处理联合碳离子照射诱导了更明显的细胞凋亡;在照射后24 h,HNK预处理联合碳离子照射引起的细胞γH2AX焦点阳性率维持在较高水平,而X射线照射没有这些效应。实验结果表明,HNK预处理抑制了NSCLC细胞DNA的DSB修复,诱导了细胞凋亡的发生,从而提高了细胞对碳离子的辐射敏感性。The radiosensitizing effect of Honokiol (HNK) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H1299 to low-linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high-LET carbon ions was investigated in this study. First, the inhibitory effects of HNK on the growth of A549 and H1299 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, and 20 μmol/L HNK treatment was found to induce a growth inhibitory effect slightly in these two cell lines. Cells were pre-treated with HNK and then irradiated with X-rays and carbon ions of different doses. Cellular radiosensitivity, apoptosis and DNA damage were analyzed by clonogenic survival, Annexin-PI staining and γH2AX foci, respectively. The results showed the cells were more sensitive to carbon ion irradiation compared to X-rays and the radiosensitization of HNK was only observed after carbon ion irradiation. Furthermore, the co-treatment led to higher apoptosis rate 48 h after irradiation and increased the positive rate of γH2AX foci 24 h after irradiation in A549 and H1299 cells compared with those in the groups treated with carbon ion irradiation alone. These phenomena were not observed after X-ray irradiation. Our data suggest that the pre-treatment with HNK inhibited DNA DSB repair, induced apoptosis and then enhanced the cellular radiosensitivity to carbon ions in NSCLC cells.     

大蒜素在重离子放射治疗中的潜在用途

综述了大蒜素对正常细胞的保护机制和对肿瘤细胞的抑制机制, 并将其与辐射保护剂和辐射增敏剂的作用机制进行了比较, 提出大蒜素在放射治疗中对正常细胞具有辐射保护效应, 而对肿瘤细胞具有辐射增敏效应。 设想大蒜素的辐射保护和辐射增敏这种双重效应及其他优点在肿瘤放射治疗中能提高辐射生物学效应, 进一步改善治疗效果, 在临床应用中具有潜在的价值。 Garlic has beneficial effects to protect against many diseases. It can not only protect normal cells from lesion, but also prevent tumorigenesis, proliferation, adhesion, invasion and metastasis. In this paper, the mechanisms of these functions of garlic were summarized and compared with radioprotector and radiosensitizer. We presented that garlic has both radioprotective effect on normal cells and radiosensitive effect on tumor cells. By right of its superiority, garlic can improve biological effect in the therapy of heavy ion. Therefore, it has potential value in clinical practice. That is worth for us to explore whether garlic has radioprotective and radiosensitive effect or not.     

极低频电磁场曝露对于大鼠敏感组织红外光谱特征的影响

极低频电磁场非热生物效应的发生与生物组织接受电磁辐射后微观结构的改变有关,利用红外光谱学分析方法可以有效的研究电磁辐射生物效应发生的微观机制。研究了极低频电磁场曝露对于大鼠电磁敏感组织红外光谱特征的影响,对曝露于50 Hz,0.75 mT极低频电磁场作用20天的大鼠的血液、脑和睾丸组织的红外光谱与正常大鼠组织的红外光谱进行比较分析,从分子水平阐述了极低频电磁场曝露作用生物效应的发生机制。实验结果表明极低频电磁场曝露可导致大鼠敏感组织某些特征吸收峰峰位和峰强产生了规律性的变化,说明傅里叶变换红外光谱方法是研究电磁场不同生物效应的发生机制的一种有效手段。     

Cell-cycle-dependent variations in the FTIR spectroscopy of HeLa cells treated with trichostatin A

It is quite complex to evaluate the mechanism of action for antitumor drugs on cancer cells.Studies have pointed out that there is an unique advantage of Fourier transform infrared spectrum to obtain a fingerprint of all molecules present in the cells when cancer cells were exposed to anti-cancer drugs.Trichostatin A (TSA) is a most potent reversible inhibitor of mammalian histone deacetylases.It can inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.In the present study,HeLa cells were exposed to 0,50,100,200,300 and 400 nmol · L-1 TSA,and FTIR spectra were applied to evaluate the effect of TSA on cancer cells.Results show that there is some significant relationship between the changes in FTIR absorption and cell cycle arresting.On the other hand,this investigation shows that the concentration of TSA had to be more than 200 nmol · L-1 in order to ensure A1080 cm-1/A1540cm-1 ≥1 for inhibiting cell proliferation.     

UV辐射前后乙酰化木材的化学组分结构变化与微观构造表征

以杨木木粉为试样,进行不同时长的乙酰化处理,利用紫外光加速老化,探讨不同乙酰化度对木材耐光性能的影响,根据FTIR光谱分析试样化学组分特征吸收峰强度的变化规律,建立乙酰化处理时间与木材化学组分变化之间的关系。结果表明：UV辐射前,乙酰化木粉在1 739 cm-1处饱和酯化合物中CO和 1 385 cm-1处乙酸酯基中C—H的特征吸收峰强度均大于原木粉,处理40 min木粉的吸收峰强度最大,增重率最高,木粉的乙酰化效果显著;UV辐射后,乙酰化木粉在1 504 cm-1处木质素中苯环特征吸收峰强度明显大于原木粉,且乙酰化处理40 min木粉的吸收峰强度最大,表明乙酰化处理能够有效抑制木材化学组分的光降解反应,提高木材的耐光老化性能,其中处理40 min的效果最佳;SEM图片显示,乙酰化处理木粉的纤维状表面较原木粉更加均匀,材料粒径更小,乙酰化处理能有效提高木材的稳定性。     

Monitoring radiation induced alterations in biological systems,from molecules to tissues,through infrared spectroscopy

Humans can be exposed to non-ionizing and ionizing radiation for diagnostic, therapeutic, accidental, and occupational reasons. Consequently, the effect of radiation on biological systems has attracted the attention of researchers for a rather long time. This review is about the mid-infrared Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic characterization of non-ionizing and ionizing radiation-induced changes in DNA, lipids, and proteins, as isolated or synthetic macromolecules, and in biological membranes, cells, and tissues. Here, the context of radiation was limited with electromagnetic radiation including gamma rays. The review first outlines introductory information about non-ionizing and ionizing radiation and their interaction with biological systems. Afterwards, FTIR spectroscopy and spectroscopic analysis are briefly discussed. Finally, FTIR spectroscopic analysis of DNA, lipids, proteins, membranes, cells, and tissues that were exposed to radiation are presented. The findings show that FTIR spectroscopy can be successfully used as a novel method to monitor radiation-induced alteratios in biological systems.     

万寿菊花渣中残余叶黄素酯的红外光谱分析

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术测定了万寿菊花瓣和提取叶黄素酯后万寿菊花渣的光谱,比较两者的光谱发现花渣中羰基、甲基和亚甲基的相对吸收强度明显减弱。由于叶黄素酯从万寿菊花瓣中被提取,导致花渣中酯类物质含量减少,从而在光谱中反映出这3个吸收峰减弱。羰基的吸收峰主要来源于酯类物质,利用该吸收峰的强弱可以定性反映出花渣中叶黄素酯残余量的多少。研究表明:傅里叶变换红外光谱技术能准确和快速提供万寿菊花瓣和花渣中酯类物质的含量信息,可以作为一种检测花渣中叶黄素酯残余量的手段。     

基于MODTRAN模型使用被动傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对生物气溶胶的探测研究

利用MODTRAN模型在水平低仰角探测模式下,对生物气溶胶探测的问题进行了分析讨论.用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱技术对生物气溶胶进行探测研究.首先介绍了MODTRAN模型的大气模式和廓线,根据FTIR光谱技术对生物气溶胶的被动探测要求,利用辐射传输理论和最简单的三层模型,仿真计算得到大气背景和目标生物气溶胶之间的辐射亮度差?L,然后对?L进一步差值得到信号?2Lt,同时再结合光谱仪自身的噪声等效辐射亮度值,得到实际情况下的信号值?2Lt;最后根据探测条件和MODTRAN提供的大气模式,使用被动遥测红外光谱方法预测每种大气模式下生物气溶胶的探测限浓度.每种大气模式下探测限浓度的不同,是因为边界层温度、透过率和背景辐射亮度的不同所导致,同时还与生物气溶胶的吸收系数有关.研究表明,FTIR光谱被动遥测技术能够探测到生物气溶胶的存在,进一步说明探测生物气溶胶的可行性,也为生物气溶胶实际探测提供了一种方法.     

利用拉曼光谱技术研究低剂量X射线辐射对人神经母细胞瘤细胞的影响

低剂量电离辐射引发的生物效应复杂而多样,其研究往往又受到辐射标志物和检测技术手段的限制。将拉曼光谱技术应用于低剂量辐射生物效应研究,利用10 mW,532 nm共聚焦拉曼光谱对经过100,200和500 mGy三种辐射剂量的X射线辐照之后的人神经母细胞瘤细胞进行检测,发现细胞嘌呤核苷酸（722～728和1 572～1 581 cm-1等等）、嘧啶核苷酸（770～785 cm-1等等）等DNA相关的拉曼特征峰受到电离辐射影响而发生变化,说明低剂量X射线辐照造成细胞DNA水平改变。采用流式细胞术对同样条件辐照后培养6 h的人神经母细胞瘤细胞进行细胞周期分析发现,三种剂量的X射线电离辐射均造成细胞在G2期阻滞,同样提示电离辐射引起DNA水平升高。通过划痕实验分析辐照后20 h的细胞迁移能力,结果显示,相较于未接受X射线照射的对照细胞,受到三种剂量电离辐射的人神经母细胞瘤细胞均出现迁移水平下降。研究结果表明,通过拉曼光谱分析发现低剂量X射线电离辐射引起人神经母细胞瘤细胞DNA水平变化,其结果与细胞周期分析和迁移分析的结果相一致,但检测时间大大提前,利用拉曼光谱技术可以实现低剂量辐射损伤等细胞生物学效应的早期发现与监测。     

Single-cell analysis using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a well-established, non-destructive method of obtaining chemical information from biological samples such as tissues and cells. This review focuses specifically on the development of infrared spectroscopic microanalysis at the single-cell level. Technological developments, including that of the infrared microscope, synchrotron radiation FTIR, and focal plane array detectors, and their impact on the field are discussed along with the various data processing procedures that are currently used to extract meaningful information. There is then an emphasis on live cell infrared (IR) imaging, including developments in water correction and microfluidic device design. The review concludes with look to future directions, highlighting the potential impact of quantum cascade lasers.     

人肺组织与肺癌组织FTIR光谱的统计分析

本文应用统计方法分析了人肺正常组织和肺癌组织的FTIR光谱 ,选择光谱谱型参数 ;峰位、峰高、峰位差、峰高比进行比较分析 ,发现有多个变量可以显示两类光谱的差异 ,选择峰高比参数建立了Logistic预测方程为光谱的应用进行了探索。结果表明可以借助数学方法对组织光谱进行数据转换和分析 ,为了研究大量的组织光谱提供思路。     

FTIR光谱法与燕窝的品质分析

直接采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)获得了30种干燕窝产品的红外光谱图.结果显示,这些谱图与天然燕窝的红外光谱图均有不同程度的差异,主要表现在蛋白质、氨基酸(1 634,1 535 cm-1)和多糖(1 034cm-1)等主要营养成分的吸收峰;在干燕窝的谱图中,亚甲基的吸收峰(2 935 cm-1)及蛋白质和氨基酸的吸收峰(1 647,1 533,1 447 cm-1)等处的峰形、峰位和峰强度均与明胶的谱图较相似,说明大多数干燕窝样品中添加了不同量的明胶等物质;有些干冰糖燕窝产品中冰糖含量高达99%,燕窝仅含1%,在红外谱图上几乎观察不到燕窝的特征蜂.因此,市售燕窝的质量令人担忧.用FTIR可简便、快速、直观的评价燕窝产品的品质.