氨与甲醇混合团簇的多光子电离质谱及从头算研究

用多光子电离技术结合飞行时间质谱仪对氨与甲醇混合团簇进行了研究.在脉冲激光波长分别为266nm,355nm和532nm条件下,仅在355nm作用下观测到团簇离子.主要的电离产物为质子化的(CH3OH)n(NH3)mH (n=0~6,m=0~4)混合团簇离子,且各个序列的离子强度随m的增大而减小.经分析,氨与甲醇混合团簇电离后团簇离子发生内部质子化转移反应是形成质子化团簇离子的主要原因.不同尺寸团簇离子信号强度随电离激光光强变化的光强指数曲线显示,团簇均发生四光子电离过程.应用量化计算,构造了质量数较小的几个团簇离子的可能的空间几何构型,发现二元团簇离子(CH3OH)n(NH3)mH 是以NH4 作为内核离子,再通过氢键与其它分子组合而构成团簇离子.     

氨/乙醇混合团簇多光子电离质谱

用多光子电离技术结合飞行时间质谱仪对氨与乙醇混合团簇进行了研究。在脉冲激光波长分别为266,355nm和532nm条件下,仅在355nm作用下观测到团簇离子。主要的电离产物为质子化的（C2H5OH）n（NH3）mH＋（n=0—3,m=0—4）混合团簇离子,且各个序列的离子强度随m的增大而减小。经分析,氨与乙醇混合团簇电离后团簇离子发生内部质子化转移反应是形成质子化团簇离子的主要原因。不同尺寸团簇离子信号强度随电离激光光强变化的光强指数曲线显示,团簇均发生四光子电离过程。通过理论计算得到其中性和离子团簇的稳定结构,解离能,解离通道。并证实团簇发生电离解离时发生了团簇内质子转移反应。     

甲醇/水混合团簇的多光子电离质谱研究

利用多光子电离技术结合飞行时间质谱仪对甲醇/水混合团簇进行了研究.在脉冲激光波长为355 nm条件下观测到团簇离子.主要的电离产物为质子化的(CH3OH)n(H2O)H+(n=l-13)混合团簇离子与(CH3OH)nH+团簇离子,经分析(CH3OH)1o(H2O) H+和(CH3OH)3H+为幻数结构.甲醇水混合团簇电离后团簇离子发生内部质子化转移反应是形成质子化团簇离子的主要原因.不同尺寸团簇离子信号强度随电离激光光强变化的光强指数曲线显示,团簇均发生四光子电离过程.     

355nm激光作用下丁酮多光子电离质谱信号分析

为研究由氢键形成的超分子体系内的质子化构型,利用355nm共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)技术结合飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)得到丁酮多光子电离系列团簇质谱.实验没有观测到丁酮母体的团簇信号,只测到丁酮解离、异构后的异丙醇团簇离子,为丁酮解离、异构提供了很有意义的实验数据.     

用密度泛函理论研究氨质子化团簇(NH_3)_nH~+(n=1～8)的结构

运用Gaussian 03W程序中的密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31 G(d)基组水平上对氨质子化团簇(NH3)nH (n=1～8)的可能的几何构型进行了结构优化,得到了该系列团簇的稳定结构及其对应的总能量.结果表明,氨质子化团簇的稳定结构是质子与一个氨分子结合形成一个NH 4离子核,其它氨分子通过氢键作用形成氨链后与该离子核的四个氢以氢键结合形成的,它们之间的结合力均为中强氢键.另外,我们还利用能量的二阶差分理论对团簇的稳定性进行了研究,并计算了团簇的平均束缚能,发现随着团簇尺寸的增大,团簇的平均束缚能逐渐减小.     

氨团簇（NH3）n的多光子电离质谱研究

在355nm激光作用下,对氨团簇的多光子电离过程进行了研究,发现电离过程中出现了氢团簇离子序列(NH3) n(n=2-6)和氨质子化团簇离子序列(NH3)nH (n=2-15).分析认为在氨团簇的多光子电离过程中仅可能是由于氨团簇在激光作用下遵循了AID机制.而对于实验中出现的氨质子化团簇离子序列,目前实验上的困难暂不能确定其产生的具体途径.     

应用反射式飞行时间质谱仪研究氨团簇离子解离动力学

用直射式和反射式飞行时间质谱研究了氨分子团簇体系在３５５ｎｍ激光下的多光子电离,得到一系列的质子化团簇离子（ＮＨ３）ｎＨ＾＋,同时还观察到超价氨团簇离子（ＮＨ３）ｎＨ＾＋２。在反射式飞行时间质谱研究中观测到质子化氨团簇离子在自由飞行过程中的解离现象,表明在该实验条件下生成的质子化氨团簇离子是一些亚稳态团簇离子。对子离子产率的分析,得到质子化团簇离子解离速率常数,从而可以估计亚稳态团簇离子的寿命。团     

激光作用下甲醇团簇多光子电离质谱研究

YAG脉冲激光的三倍频输出(355 nm)3光子共振电离由脉冲分子束超声膨胀产生的甲醇团簇,观测到质子化的团簇离子序列(CH3OH)nH (n=1~15),其中n=1~3的团簇离子强度明显大于其他尺寸的团簇离子,而n>3的强度随n的增大依次减小,且这种强度分布特征与电离激光相对于脉冲分子束的延时无关,同时对团簇离子的产生受实验条件的影响作了探讨。结合密度泛函密度泛函理论中的B3LYP杂化方法加6-31G 基组水平上的计算,推测了质子化甲醇离子的结构及稳定性,并讨论了甲醇团簇电离后的质子转移反应生成质子化团簇的机理。而对于另一个水合质子化团簇序列H (H2O)(CH3OH)n,由于溶剂化的影响只在较大尺寸时才出现。     

甲醇－乙醚团簇的多光子电离和从头算

在355 nm波长下用激光电离飞行时间质谱装置研究了氢键团簇甲醇/乙醚混合团簇的多光子电离,飞行时间质谱仪观测到一系列质子化团簇,为了探讨质子化团簇的形成机理,在B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)基组水平上计算了CH30H-(C2H5)2O离子和中性团簇的稳定几何结构和解离通道和解离能,发现存在一个质子转移过程,解离产物主要为CH3O和[(C2H5)2O]H .     

355 nm激光作用下质子化丙酮-水团簇的多光子电离质谱

为研究由氢键形成的超分子体系内的质子化构型,利用355 nm多光子电离(MPI)技术结合飞行时间质谱（TOF-MS）得到丙酮和水的系列团簇质谱.实验观察到的主要产物是质子化的丙酮水团簇.其团簇构型归纳为(CH3COCH3)n(H2O)n－2H+,(CH3COCH3)n(H2O)n－1H+和(CH3COCH3)n(H2O)nH+.利用Gaussian 98程序优化了团簇的离子态构型,通过频率验证了构型的稳定性,并给出了相关能量和零点修正能.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.