Quench detection and protection system design and analysis of the 7 T superconducting magnet

A NbTi 7 T superconducting magnet with a 338 mm bore system was rebuilt and the first experiment was carried out in Jan. 2009. The balancing-bridge method used for the quench detection system is analyzed and an improvement of the principle of balancing-bridge conformation is given. The inductances of the coils axe calculated to estimate the proportion of the bridge arms. The appropriate parameters axe selected for the balancing-bridge.     

An echo detection algorithm for underwater continuous wave active detection

The model of linear frequency modulation continuous wave （LFMCW） applied in underwater detection and the method for the detection of echo signal and the estimation of target parameters were studied. By analyzing the heterodyne signal, an algorithm with the structure of heterodyne-Practional Fourier Transform （FRFT） was proposed. To reduce the computation of searching targets in a two-dimensional FRFT result, the heterodyne signal would be processed by FRFT at a specific order, after Radon-Ambiguity Transform （RAT） was applied to estimate the sweep rate of the signal. Simulations proved that the algorithm can eliminate the coupling phenomenon of distance and velocity of LFMCW, and estimate targets＇ parameters accurately. The lake trial results showed that the processing gain of LFMCW processed by the algorithm in this paper was 13 dB better than that of the LFM processed by matched filter. The research results indicated that the algorithm applied in LFMCW underwater detection was feasible and effective, and it could estimate targets＇ parameters accurately and obtain a good detection performance.     

Detecting emboli from Doppler ultrasound signals with the wavelet packet analysis method

A Doppler ultrasound analysis method based on wavelet package transform was proposed for embolic detection. The embolic Doppler signal was firstly decomposed using the wavelet packet. Then the sensitive characteristics were calculated from each sub-band signal and used in the emboli classification. This method was applied to analyze 300 cases simulated and 163 cases clinical Doppler signals. The minimum error ratio of embolic detection using this method was 13 percents lower than that using the traditional spectrogram analysis method.It was shown that this method overcame the limit between the time and frequency resolution in the short time Fourier transform, improved the accuracy of embolic detection greatly and extracted more reliable parameters for the clinical diagnosis.     

Determination of the Coreactant Level in Crosslinked Polyurethane System by FTIR

Infrared spectrum is a general quantitation method which can be used to determine the concentration of a certain component in mixture.We proposed that it could also be used to determine the coreactant level of a reactive system.A two-part polyurethane film was used as a model system.The results showed that the height ratio of ring mode signal in urea and C—O signal in polyester polyol can be used to calculate the ratio of the two reactants.The assignments of the peaks were studied by in-situ reaction monitoring with moisture level changes and deuteration methods.The applicable conditions of this calibration curves were also discussed.     

FPGA-based amplitude and phase detection in DLLRF

The new generation particle accelerator requires a highly stable radio frequency（RF） system. The stability of the RF system is realized by the Low Level RF（LLRF） subsystem which controls the amplitude and phase of the RF signal. The detection of the RF signal＇s amplitude and phase is fundamental to LLRF controls. High-speed ADC（Analog to Digital Converter） ,DAC（Digital to Analog Converter） and FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array） play very important roles in digital LLRF control systems. This paper describes the implementation of real-time amplitude and phase detection based of the FPGA with an analysis of the main factors that affect the detection accuracy such as jitter,algorithm＇s defects and non-linearity of devices,which is helpful for future work on high precision detection and control.     

Ultrafast multiplex CARS investigation of vibrational characteristics in chloroform and PMMA

This paper demonstrates the femtosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering by using folded BOXCARS geometry where an ultrashort broadband coherent white light continuum was used as Stokes pulse, and carries out the non-contact detection at long distance. The CARS signal is so easy to be detected that it can be seen even by nude eye. The C--H bonds of chloroform or PMMA were detected and the vibration modes belonging to the side chain and the main chain in PMMA were also compared. Their vibrational characteristics involved decay process and quantum beating were discussed. This modified CARS experimental technique could make up the deficiency of traditional CARS technique.     

Analysis of superconducting cavity quench events at SSRF

Quench is important and dangerous to superconducting RF cavities. This paper illustrates the mechanism of quench and how a quench detector works, and analyzes the quench events happening during beam operations and cavity conditioning. We find that the quench protection is mostly triggered by some reasons such as fluctuation of cavity voltage, multipacting or arc, rather than a real cavity thermal breakdown. The results will be beneficial to optimize the operation parameters of superconducting cavities, to discover the real reasons for beam trip by quench interlock, and to improve the operation stability of superconducting RF systems.     

Development of afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen of low-level-light image intensifier北大核心CSCD

The time characteristics of fluorescent screen is one of the important parameters to evaluate the performance of image intensifier. At present, there is no measurement method for the afterglow time of nanosecond fluorescent screen of low-level-light image intensifier. Based on the traditional test scheme of image intensifier afterglow time, a afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen was developed. This system used a high-speed signal generator with the sampling rate of 250 MHz to complete the excitation of the laser diode light pulse, and a photomultiplier tube was used with the descending time of 0.57 ns to complete the photoelectric conversion of the fluorescent screen light signal. The weak photocurrent signal of μA magnitude was amplified and converted to a single-terminal differential circuit to complete the AD conversion in AD9684. Then the digital luminance information of the fluorescent screen was stored in the double data rate SDRAM (DDR) unit after field programmable gate array (FPGA), and the host computer sent instructions to read the DDR memory. The USB3.0 high-speed transmission protocol was used to transmit data to the host computer. In the data processing, the Kalman filtering and fast finding falling edge algorithm were used to realize the accurate measurement of noise filtering from collected data and afterglow time. The test results show that the proposed afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen can effectively test the image intensifier with ultrafast optical characteristics. The afterglow test results of P47 phosphor reaches 118.094 4 ns, and the repeatability reaches 2.08%. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Research on acoustic emission characteristics of local corrosion on Q235 steel

To solve the problem of corrosion acoustic emission(AE) source feature extraction and recognition,the AE detection validation and the amplitude-frequency characteristics were derived in theory.The amplitude of AE signal generated by bubble burst is proportional to its radius square and the liquid level,while the AE signal frequency is inversely proportional to the bubble radius.The AE signal amplitude of the steel and the steel corrosion product cracking is proportional to the local stress,and the AE signal frequency is proportional to the crack propagation velocity and inversely proportional to the crack propagation distance.Three Q235 specimens were separately immersed in the solution of 10%FeCl_3·6H_2O,5%CuSO_4·5H_2O and10%FeCl_3·6H_2O with 0.01 mol/L HCL.The AE systems with high frequency and low frequency were used to detect the whole corrosion process AE signals.The AE signals of Q235 steel and the steel corrosion products cracking were detected as the verification experiment.The AE signals from different sources could be distinguished by AE hits count and the power spectrum.It is coincident with theoretical analysis.These conclusions have significant guidance for the corrosion detection and evaluation by on-line acoustic emission detecting.     

Simulation and experiments for the Qext of a cavity beam position monitor

The external Q （Qext） of the dipole mode is a key parameter of the Cavity Beam Position Monitor （CBPM）. It determines the amplitude and length of the dipole mode signal. In this paper, Qext of a CBPM whose waveguides were open to the air was simulated and measured, and the results agreed with each other. Then four waveguide-to-coaxial cable adpaters were adjusted and assembled to the CBPM, and Qext remained unchanged. This progress provides a reliable method to evaluate Qext in the physics design without simulating the structurally complex adapters.     

高温超导SMES磁体的失超检测研究

失超保护是保证磁体安全运行的重要措施,而失超检测是失超保护正常动作的前提。由于SMES磁体运行工况的特殊性,现有失超检测方法在失超信号提取上遇到电磁噪声干扰严重的问题。文中针对高温超导SMES的运行工况,对电桥检测法进行了改进,通过对电桥信号的滤波设计解决电磁噪声干扰,设计了一套适用于高温超导SMES磁体在交变电流情况下的失超检测系统,同时进行了高温超导磁体的失超检测实验。实验结果表明,此系统能快速、准确地检测失超信号,并输出保护动作信号。     

超导储能系统的失超检测

超导磁体的失超检测与保护是超导电力技术实用化的一个重要课题。文中针对超导储能系统的特点,设计了一套用于超导储能(SMES)磁体的失超检测系统。该系统采用有源功率检测方法,通过对超导磁体上产生的失超信号进行隔离、放大、滤波以及比较等,实现失超信号的检测。实验结果表明,该失超检测系统能够及时准确的检测到失超信号,为超导储能系统的失超保护提供了可靠的前提条件。     

HT-7U中心螺管模型线圈失超信号检测

中心螺管是超导托卡马克装置磁体系统的重要组成部分 ,在 HT- 7U中 ,中心螺管采用管装超导电缆绕制 ,线圈以脉冲方式运行。文中介绍了 HT- 7U中心螺管模型线圈实验中 ,失超信号检测系统的工作原理及失超信号特点。当磁体以脉冲方式运行时 ,失超信号检测系统为装置提供可靠的失超保护动作信号 ;还给出了有关的实验数据和检测系统记录的失超信号变化曲线。     

用于超导储能系统的失超信号检测

本文介绍了一种用于超导储能(SMES)的失超信号检测系统.该系统采用电桥检测方法,以NI-6221数据采集卡和自制信号转接盒为硬件,在LabVIEW软件平台下完成对电桥信号的采集、显示、滤波和分析处理.实验过程中该系统工作稳定可靠,取得良好效果.     

GSI收集环二极磁体稳定性分析

收集环二极磁体在探测反质子和离子加速器装置中有着重要的作用.在本文中,通过对收集环二极磁体的绝热理论分析,得出其稳定性参数与运行电流之间的关系.另外运用Miils方程计算得出失超后收集环二极磁体内导体温度与时间的对应关系.     

超导线圈的失超检测

通过对国内外各种失超检测方法优缺点的比较,本文选取有源功率检测法来实现超导线圈的失超检测,并针对超导线圈电感值相等和电感值不等两种情况对有源功率失超检测电路进行了改进以及实验验证.结果表明,该失超检测方法能够及时准确的检测到失超信号,为超导线圈的失超保护提供了可靠的前提条件.     

FAIR超导二极磁体实验失超保护系统设计与分析

阐述了超导磁体线圈实验过程中采用的平衡桥路电压失超检测及保护方案,对超导磁体电压失超检测电路进行了分析,提出了平衡桥路失超电压检测法选取原则。     

Sensitivity to local dipole fields in the CRAZED experiment: an approach to bright spot MRI

Local dipole fields such as those created by small iron-oxide particles are used to produce regions of low intensity (dark contrast) in many molecular magnetic resonance imaging applications. We have investigated, with computer simulations and experiments at 17.6 T, how the COSY revamped with asymmetric z-gradient echo detection (CRAZED) experiment that selects intermolecular double-quantum coherences can also be used to visualize such local dipole fields. Application of the coherence-selection gradient pulses parallel to the main magnetic field produced similar, dark contrast as conventional gradient echo imaging. Application of the gradient along the magic angle leads to total loss of signal intensity in homogeneous samples. In the presence of local dipole fields, the contrast was inverted and bright signals from the dipoles were observed over a very low background. Both simulations and experiments showed that the signal strongly decreased when a phase-cycle suppressing single-quantum coherences was employed. Therefore, we conclude that most of the signal comes from directly refocused magnetization or intermolecular single-quantum coherences. Finally, we demonstrate that bright contrast from local dipole fields can also be obtained, when the pair of coherence-selection gradient pulses is deliberately mismatched. Both methods allowed visualization of local dipole fields in phantoms in experimental times of about 3 min.     

EAST托卡马克装置失超检测报警系统的升级

本系统对原有超导托卡马克装置EAST的失超保护报警系统进行了升级改造.采用软硬件并行的方式,集中对多路失超保护信号进行监控和保护.系统整体采用CPCI结构,对不同的故障采取不同的故障应对模式,不仅能够对下级系统进行行为控制,而且能直观的显示出故障信号及故障分析,同时在系统内能方便的进行数据存储和查询.     

偶极分子在CVD石墨烯表面的拉曼增强

选用CVD制备的石墨烯作为拉曼增强的基底,以激光器波长λ=532 nm的显微拉曼光谱仪对偶极分子DREP分子的石墨烯拉曼增强效应进行了探究。通过对石墨烯上与SiO₂片上DREP分子的拉曼强度的对照,发现单纯DREP/SiO₂分子浓度很低时,拉曼峰基本不存在,直到达到一定浓度1×10-5mol·L-1时,其拉曼峰才出现;随着浓度的增加,DREP分子的拉曼信号和荧光信号都增加;而DREP/Graphene/SiO₂在1×10-7mol·L-1时即出现了拉曼信号,随着浓度的增加,拉曼信号增加很快而荧光信号增加并不明显。结果表明石墨烯可实现DREP分子的拉曼增强,并能猝灭荧光背底,提高拉曼信号与荧光信号之比。对比了不同偶极矩的DREP和DR1P分子,表明偶极矩越大,其增强因子越大,增强程度越强。分析了DREP分子在石墨烯上的拉曼增强的机制。DREP分子是尾端接芘的经过改性的偶氮苯分子,其尾端的芘与石墨烯于界面处通过π—π相互作用进行电子转移,改变石墨烯的能级结构使得其发生P型掺杂,发生拉曼增强的机制是化学机制。DREP分子的石墨烯拉曼增强效应有助于我们研究石墨烯以及石墨烯表面拉曼增强机制,比如石墨烯的载流子转移,化学增强机制的原理,以及如何从电磁机制效应分离出化学机制。