CICC超导体数字模拟设计

CICC超导体是大型低温超导磁体的首选导体,在大电流和快速变化磁场环境以及给定稳定性裕度等条件下,开展CICC超导体结构的优化设计及稳定性分析的研究就显得非常重要。因此文中针对CICC导体设计,提出数字模拟设计的想法,并将数字模拟设计结果与工程设计值进行了比较和分析,二者基本吻合。     

基于能量裕度和温度裕度CICC导体数字模拟设计

CICC(Cable-in-Conduit Conductor)超导体是大型低温超导磁体的首选导体,在大电流和快速变化磁场环境中以及给定稳定性裕度、温度裕度、空隙率等条件下,开展CICC超导体结构的优化设计及稳定性分析是非常重要的。因此,文中针对CICC导体设计问题,提出数字模拟设计的想法;推导了关于CICC导体结构矩阵参数的算法;建立了导体数字模拟的模型;同时将数字模拟设计情况与工程设计值进行了比较和分析,结果二者基本吻合。     

高温超导体的交流损耗计算机仿真分析

高温超导体的交流损耗直接关系高温超导器件的运行成本和稳定性.交流损耗的测量与计算,以及交流损耗的降低一直是目前需要解决的问题之一.本文应用有限元软件Comsol Multiphysics基于Maxwell方程和高温超导体的E~J指数特性仿真分析了YBCO超导体在自场和垂直超导体表面的交流背景磁场下的交流损耗,通过与理论值和实验结果比较,验证了该仿真模型的有效性与合理性.     

金属封装内冷型高温复合超导体电磁特性的有限元分析

基于工程化高温超导带材的内冷型复合超导体电磁特性受磁场各向异性影响较大,采用有限元方法分析了内冷型复合超导体的电磁特性。利用COMSOL Multiphysics建立了基于商品化高温超导带材的金属封装内冷型高温复合导体的有限元计算模型,并对其进行电磁仿真分析,得到了内冷型复合超导体的磁场分布,应用高温超导材料在磁场下的Jc-B曲线关系,获得内冷型复合导体在77K液氮温区下临界电流受磁场影响的变化规律。采用电场强度与电流密度进行面积分的方法,计算得到了不同频率、不同通流下内冷型复合导体的交流损耗情况,计算表明,相同频率下交流损耗随激励电流的增大而增大,相同激励电流条件下交流损耗与通流频率成正比关系。     

带阻挡层的Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材的临界电流与磁滞损耗

在Bi2223/Ag多芯导体中引入氧化物阻挡层用来提高基体的横向电阻率,即用具有高温稳定性且不与银基体反应的CaCuCO2和Y2BaCuOx等绝缘材料包覆在单芯丝周围,形成高电阻率的阻挡层,使超导体的交流损耗明显降低,结果表明引入阻挡层后超导体的临界电流密度没有明显退降。另外,我们还回顾了国内外的进展,研究了带阻挡层超导体的磁场牧场生和外加磁场对交流损耗的影响。     

高温超导YBCO薄膜中的传输交流损耗

基于Norris方程和Bean临界态模型,考虑薄膜超导体内的磁场和电流密度分布特性,通过解析求解的方法推导出薄膜超导体在传输外加电流时其内部的磁场和电流密度以及传输交流损耗的解析表达式,从定量的角度研究超导体截面几何形状对传输交流损耗的影响.结果表明薄膜超导体边缘处的剧烈变化的磁场和电流的分布以及无场区的电流承载能力是...     

ITER PF导体中NbTi股线的磁滞损耗研究

国际热核聚变实验装置需要超导磁体提供强磁场来约束等离子体。超导体在外磁场变化等非稳态环境中会产生以磁滞损耗为主的交流损耗。因此在制作绕制PF磁体的导体前须测量所使用Nb Ti股线的磁滞损耗特性,确保其性能达到ITER组织要求,防止影响磁体运行的稳定性。选择使用综合物性测量系统平台(PPMS)中的振动样品磁强计(VSM),测量了Nb Ti股线样品在模拟运行环境中的磁滞回线,从磁滞回线积分得到了样品的磁滞损耗。测得样品的磁滞损耗数据离散程度较小,且全部小于要求的限值,样品均达到了ITER的要求,此Nb Ti股线可用于超导导体、磁体的制作。     

超导磁体低频交流损耗实验

随着科学技术和工业的发展,超导电技术的应用已开始由直流向交流(交变电流或交变磁场)下发展。如质子同步加速器中的脉冲磁体,交流电的传输,交流电机等都在采用超导新技术。它比常规导体有场强高和损耗低的优点。采用超导体,可以使设备的重量减轻,体积缩小,节省电力。但是,目前在交流下应用的超导线圈几乎都运行在低频,因为在频率较高时运行损耗过大和电性不稳定。     

交变磁场作用下高温超导体温度变化研究

高温超导体在交变的磁场作用下,由于磁通的运动引起能量损耗,损耗的能量一部分通过超导体表面传递到冷却剂中,另一部分将使得超导体的温度升高。文中用数值的方法研究了外加磁场速度在0.0005T/s—5T/s变化情况下超导体的温度变化;当外磁场的速度由小到大变化时,超导板的状态会发生从稳定→不稳定(磁通跳跃)→稳定的变化;慢变磁场作用下超导体的温度在接近冷却剂温度的温区作微幅的周期性变化,当外加磁场速度比较大时,超导体发生磁通跳跃,温度也呈跳跃性变化,进一步加大外磁场速度,磁通和温度呈准周期的振荡型变化,而且振荡幅值随外磁场速度的增加逐渐减小,最后振荡消失,超导体在更高的温区稳定运行,温度呈周期性变化。     

两带超导体LaNiC_2上临界磁场的理论分析

非中心对称超导体LaNiC_2是传统BCS超导体还是能隙存在节点又或是两带超导体,目前仍然存在争议.基于此,文章用两带Ginzburg-Landau理论分析了超导体LaNiC_2的上临界磁场随温度的变化关系,计算结果与实验结果在整个温度区间内符合得很好,说明LaNiC_2是两带超导体,和陈健等人的观点一致.文章还分析了两个不同能带对上临界磁场的影响,发现相对较小的相干长度对LaNiC_2的上临界磁场影响较大.     

损耗对CICC导体设计影响的模拟研究

聚变装置上低温超导磁体的管内电缆导体(Cable-in-Conduit Conductor,CICC)运行在大电流和快速变化磁场环境中,导体的合理设计是其能否稳定运行的关键。由于工程上CICC导体的设计是一个多次尝试和优化的过程,为此提出了基于稳定性和损耗机理的导体设计思想;推导了关于CICC导体结构参数矩阵方程;建立了导体数值仿真的基本设计模型。同时进行了导体的模拟设计,并将仿真设计结构与工程设计情况进行了比较和分析,结果证明二者吻合的较好。     

CICC导体数值模拟设计的发展

管内电缆导体(Cable-in-Conduit Conductor,简称CICC)是大型低温超导磁体的首选导体,在大电流和快速变化磁场环境中,CICC导体能否稳定运行受多种因素影响,因而对CICC导体的稳定性以及导体的设计进行数值模拟,来简化工程上CICC导体设计研究的复杂烦琐过程,缩短工作周期。目前,国内外关于CICC数值模拟的程序,由于侧重于解决不同的问题,各有利弊。基于此,文中在系统阐述CICC数值模拟领域内的相关情况后,对它们进行了全新的总结和论述,并给出了导体数值模拟研究的一些可能发展方向。     

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在铜超比优化的基础上,针对管内电缆导体结构设计,提出了数值模拟设计,进行了数值模拟设计,并将数值模拟设计结果与工程设计值进行了比较和分析,二者基本吻合。     

AC losses dependence on a CuNi layer location in NbTi CICC

In the frame of the ITER fusion program, large Cable In Conduit Cables (CICC) made with NbTi superconductors are foreseen for the poloidal field system. These coils are pulsed and so subjected to fast variations in magnetic field. Superconductors have then to be designed in order to reduce AC losses to an acceptable level. A solution could be to insert a copper nickel resistive barrier in the copper stabilizer surrounding the filamentary area of the composite. The purpose of this barrier is to reduce interstrand coupling currents. In order to predict the effect of this barrier on AC losses, a modeling of a 36 strands CICC has been realized. According to this code, the ability of the resistive barrier to reduce coupling currents is dependent on its location. For this study, three CICC with three barrier locations, from the inner to the outer diameter of the copper crown stabilizer, have been produced. AC losses have been measured and compared to our numerical model.     

Current distribution in multistrand superconducting cables — experimental methods and results

It is widely acknowledged that current non-uniformity is a major source of reduction of quench currents in superconducting multistrand cables at non-steady state conditions. Recently we performed several experimental studies on the current non-uniformity in CICC and AC cables. In this paper we present the summary of the experimental methods used. Indirect methods with use of local magnetic field sensors can provide general information about non-uniformity inside CICCs and other large size cables. Indirect methods may be used in real superconducting devices. Direct measurements of the current in each strand provide exact information about the current distribution, but they need special sample preparations. Because no method is perfect, the best idea is to use them as complementary to each other in the study of a certain type of a cable. The results obtained from the measurements of the current non-uniformity in CICC and AC cables by both methods are briefly discussed.     

The similarities in loss creation in LTS and HTS cables

The coupling current losses represent an essential contribution to AC losses in most practical superconducting conductors. The origin of this loss type is well known, being caused by induced currents in different loops consisting of superconducting and non-superconducting parts. However, the ‘current pattern' in different conductor types (strands, flat or round cables, more complicated cable structures, CICC) varies appreciably. These differences are mainly due to geometrical effects (size and shape of filaments and/or strands, their spatial distribution, conductor aspect ratio, demagnetization effects). Although the general knowledge about AC losses in low temperature cable structures is by far not complete (mainly at higher frequencies, in inhomogeneous fields and for inhomogeneous cable structure), an attempt is made to summarize those results which can be adopted to high T_c conductors and some remarks are made about new features of AC losses in these conductor types.     

Measuring transport current loss of BSCCO/Ag tapes exposed to external AC magnetic field

BSCCO/Ag tape superconductors are developed for electrical power applications at liquid nitrogen temperatures. In these applications, e.g., superconducting transformers and power cables, an AC transport current and an AC magnetic field are present at the same time. A set-up to measure the influence of external AC magnetic field on the transport current loss, i.e., the voltage drop across a sample supplied with an AC transport current, has been developed. The magnetic field can be applied both parallel and perpendicular to the broad side of the tape conductor. An increase of the transport current loss due to the external AC magnetic field is observed. When a DC external magnetic field is applied the increase of the self-field loss can be described well by the decrease of the critical current due to the magnetic field. In the case of an AC external magnetic field this is only a minor effect. For magnetic field amplitudes higher than a certain threshold value the transport current loss is described reasonably well by the self-field loss and a dynamic resistance contribution calculated from the DC voltage–current relation in AC magnetic field.     

Numerical calculation of current density distributions in high temperature superconducting tapes with finite thickness in self field and external field

The current density distribution of high temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes is modeled for the combined case of an alternating self and applied magnetic field. This numerical analysis is based on the two-dimensional Poisson equation for the vector potential. A one-dimensional current (z-direction) and a one-dimensional applied field (y-direction) are assumed. The vector potential is rewritten into an equation of motion for the current density J(x,y,t). The model covers the finite thickness of the conductor and an n-power E–J relation. The magnetic field dependence of J_c is also included in this E–J relation. A time-dependent two-dimensional current distribution that is influenced by the aspect ratio of the conductor and the material properties in E=f(J,B) is calculated numerically. The numerical results are compared with the experimental results for the AC loss of a tape driven by a transport current. Finally, a total AC loss factor is given for two cases in magnetic field direction, perpendicular and parallel to the conductor broad side.