基于多参数模型的非分散红外光谱气体检测稳定性方法研究

针对非分散红外光谱传感器零点和温度漂移问题,建立了一种基于零气光强、参考光强、标准温度、环境温度、温度漂移系数等多参数模型,对红外传感器长期连续运行中存在的零点和温度漂移进行自动校正和补偿。测试结果和长时间应用表明,仪器在各种变换的环境条件下检测精度均小于5%F.S。CO₂的平均检测精度从未综合处理前的9.26%提高到了处理后的1.23%,CH₄的平均检测精度从未综合处理前的10.61%提高到了处理后的0.70%,克服了很多气体检测仪存在的稳定性差,标定周期短等不足,有效提高了仪器的检测精度、稳定性,降低了维护成本。     

多参数补偿中红外甲烷检测仪的研制与试验

采用双通道差分式红外气体检测方法,基于比尔朗伯理论做针对性修正,研制出低检测下限、高探测性能的手持式红外甲烷气体检测仪.通过TracePro光线模拟软件,对比分析多种光学路径结构,得到小空间内长光程气室结构,增强气体有效吸收,提高仪器检测性能.引入多参数补偿算法,对气体吸收理论进行优化,得到适应本检测系统的气体吸收函数,以保证气体浓度信息计算准确性.仪器工作时最大输出电流为130mA,采用干电池供电,仪器的尺寸为209mm×70mm×40mm,甲烷气体浓度爆炸限以下最低检测限可达到50ppm,可以保证气体防爆的安全性要求.     

中红外甲烷检测仪稳定性实验及温度补偿研究

利用甲烷分子在中红外3.31μm波段的吸收特性,设计并研制了一种便携式甲烷检测仪。为了研究仪器的稳定性,对其在体积分数为0×10-6气体下的输出电压信号做了长时间测试,结果显示,由于环境温度发生变化,半导体电子元件和光学元件参数以及甲烷分子吸收系数均发生漂移,使检测仪输出电压信号的相对漂移达1%。为了抑制温度变化对仪器检测性能的影响,进一步实验研究了仪器输出电压随温度的变化关系,并根据这一关系,对温度漂移造成的信号偏差进行了补偿。引入温度补偿后的实验结果显示,针对体积分数为0×10-6的样品气体,仪器输出电压每周相对波动从1%降至0.46%,体积分数波动范围从86×10-6降至37×10-6。针对体积分数为3250×10-6的样品气体,计算了仪器的阿伦方差曲线,当采样时间大于500s时,阿伦方差几乎趋于定值,其标准差小于10×10-6。因此,通过温度补偿,在一定程度上消除了环境温度的影响,从而改善了仪器的稳定性。     

红外光谱发射率测量系统的温漂修正方法

针对探测器光谱响应度温漂现象对红外光谱发射率测量系统重复性的影响,分析探测器温度与输出电压之间的变化规律,提出了基于多项式拟合的光谱响应度温漂修正方法。研究探测器自身温度与其光谱响应度的函数关系,对探测器光谱响应度随温度变化的曲线进行数据拟合,得到探测器温度-光谱响应度的拟合方程,计算光谱响应度的温漂修正系数,修正探测器的输出电压,消除光谱响应度温漂现象对探测器输出电压造成的影响。研制光谱响应度温漂修正装置,测得探测器光谱响度的温漂曲线,对比指数拟合曲线和多项式拟合曲线与测量曲线的吻合度,结果表明6阶多项式拟合曲线的一致性较好,提高了基于积分球反射计的光谱发射率测量系统的重复性。     

袖珍式红外瓦斯检测仪的设计与实验

在满足气体检测要求的前提下,为了能够使气体检测仪器的小型化以及低功耗,设计了袖珍式红外瓦斯检测仪.以集光源、光路、红外探测器于一体的红外传感模块为核心,修正了传统的气体吸收理论,采用差分式气体吸收技术设计出一种具有低成本、低功耗、低检测下限、高信噪比的袖珍式非线性甲烷检测仪.集成后的仪器采用干电池单电源供电,工作时总电流在150mA以内、总功耗小于0.9 W,检测仪的电路增益为43.3dB.实验中进行了单、双通道气体检测实验,采用新配气方法在甲烷爆炸限内进行双通道气体检测实验,得到低检测下限和高灵敏度测试实验,最低检测下限都能够达50ppm.与传统的壁挂式检测仪器相比,该仪器以手持式的形式完全可以满足检测有害气体的需求.     

3 016.49 cm-1波数下变气压、温度的甲烷吸收系数计算研究

红外甲烷传感器根据朗伯-比尔定律对甲烷的浓度进行检测,而吸收系数是朗伯-比尔定律中的重要参数,其受温度和压强的影响变化较大,其变化会导致浓度测量的误差,因而研究不同温度、气压下甲烷吸收系数的变化规律对设计高精度的红外甲烷传感器有重要意义。文献报道中,一般采用获得测量甲烷浓度受环境影响的实验数据,再加以数学处理的方法,对测量误差进行补偿和修正。该工作以分子光谱分析理论为基础,以3 016.49 cm-1波数的甲烷为研究对象,利用HITRAN数据库的甲烷数据,设计了Python程序调用HAPI函数,拟合计算出甲烷吸收系数随温度、气压的变化规律,并通过傅里叶红外光谱对甲烷吸收系数的变化规律进行实验验证。结果表明,在3 016.49 cm-1处,水分子（湿度的影响）对于甲烷吸收系数的影响很小,可以忽略不计;温度和气压对吸收系数有一定的影响,当气压为1.0 atm,温度在-10～50 ℃范围内升高时,甲烷吸收系数减小,吸收系数与温度的关系呈线性关系;当温度为273.15 K时,气压在0.6～1.2 atm升高时,甲烷收系数增加,吸收系数与气压关系呈线性关系。最后拟合出的吸收系数与温度、气压的公式,k(T, p)=53.65(±3.24)-0.114 6(±0.010 7)T+21.07(±0.95)p。实验中甲烷标准气体的浓度分别为1.01%,2.00%,3.51%和5.06%,通入直径为2.5 cm,长度为8 cm的短光程石英气体池中,通过改变气体的气压及温度,从傅里叶红外光谱仪获得甲烷的吸光度,由于受实验仪器分辨率的影响,如直接通过吸光度反演甲烷浓度其误差较大,采用吸收系数与吸光度的比值来判断吸收系数拟合的正确性。结果表明,浓度为定值,气压与温度变化时,吸收系数与吸光度之比基本为定值,从而证明了计算拟合出的甲烷吸收系数随温度压强变化的正确性。     

基于红外差分检测的甲烷气体传感器

鉴于红外吸收法检测甲烷气体浓度时,误差的补偿是提高检测精度的核心。通常采用各种差分吸收技术来进行误差的补偿,减少各种干扰。基于红外差分检测原理,设计一种双波长差分甲烷传感器。利用旋转滤光盘控制滤波和光的通过,使测量光和参考光分时通过光路,实现了单光源单光路单探测器结构,消除了光源功率波动、光路损耗以及探测器的不稳定带来的误差,提高了检测精度。实验表明,在0～6%浓度范围内,该传感器最大相对误差小于1%。     

基于光谱吸收法的甲烷气体传感器的研究

基于甲烷气体的红外光谱吸收特性,研究了长光程差分吸收式甲烷气体检测的方法.差分吸收法消除了光源不稳定及光电器件的热零点漂移等因素对测量精度的影响,提高了系统检测灵敏度.该方法用LED16做光源,结构简单、成本低廉,配上专门设计的气室,响应度较高的探测器,以及以DSP为核心的数据处理电路,研制出了实用的甲烷气体传感器.     

基于红外吸收光谱的瓦斯气体浓度检测技术

针对现有矿井瓦斯传感器的缺点,基于红外光谱吸收原理,采用差分吸收技术设计了红外瓦斯气体浓度探测系统.该系统采用单光路吸收气室和单光路双波长探测技术,利用差动放大电路为核心的微弱信号处理电路实现瓦斯浓度输出信号的检测,并采用线性关系式拟合瓦斯浓度和输出电压的关系曲线,实现了对瓦斯浓度的全量程精确探测.实验表明,该系统的测...     

光纤电压传感器温度特性的研究

以半波电压较高的石英晶体为敏感材料,分析了光纤电压传感器全量程的温度特性,发现其与传感器所测电压值要关;随着待测电压的从小往大增加,其输出温度变化的灵敏度逐渐由小变大。为了实现电压传感器全量程的温度补偿,必须获取两个关键的参数：一为电压传感器在无外加电压作用下的温度输出响应参数;二是敏感材料在电压作用下的温度应参数。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.