一种快速宽量程比色高温计

一、引 言 测量高温的方法有许多种.一般可以区分为接触测温和非接触测温两大类.在接触测温法中通常使用热电偶,测得的是物体的真实温度,可以测到2300K左右.在更高温度的测量中,或者在某些特定的环境下,则需采用非接触的方法.大家熟知的壳度高温计是通过测量物体的亮度温度来定出真实温度.但是这种方法有许多缺点.比色测温法则是通过测量物体的颜色温度来定出物体的真实温度.采用这种方法就能有效地克服亮度高温计的缺点.比色测温法的优点是:(1)对于灰体所测到的颜色温度与真实温度是一致的;(2)测量的精度原则上与目标的大小和距离的运近无…     

非漫发射体温度测量原理

辐射测温以Planck定律为基础可以在不同的空间位置测量物体表面的发射辐射来反演温度,以实现物体表面温度的非接触测量,具有重要现实意义。Planck定律确立了光谱辐射强度与黑体温度之间的定量关系,然而在辐射测温理论和实践研究中,实际物体表面光谱发射率的复杂性和未知性成为辐射温度精确测量的主要障碍。基于特定的发射率模型,可以在未知晓物体表面发射率的条件下实现物体温度的非接触测量,但此时难于考虑被测物体的非漫发射特征。为了在有限立体角辐射测量条件下实现非漫发射体温度测量,研究中直接从辐射测量方程出发,经过适当数学转化后,提出了辐射测温中的一个新概念一表观发射率,并对其特征进行了分析,结果表明在对非漫发射体进行温度测量时在同一次测量中,表观发射率虽然形式上很复杂但仅是波长的函数,可以直接针对波长进行模型构建,进而可以在有限立体角辐射测量条件下实现非漫发射体温度的封闭求解,进而给出了有限立体角辐射测量条件下非漫发射体的波长和波段测量方程。同时,还对有限面积条件下的温度测量进行了研究,发现如果具有非漫发射特征有限面积上的温度处处相同,基于表观发射率的构建也可以实现温度的封闭求解。     

非接触体积测量实验系统

将物体体积参量测量转变成气体压力测量，可以实现体积非接触测量．本文设计了非接触体积测量实验系统，并分析了系统测量的分辨率及精度．     

像散法对微位移和微振动的实时测量

提出了一种通过对光学像散量的检测来实现对物体的微位移和微振动进行实时非接触测量的新方法.该方法采用四象限光电探测器测量由于物体相对于光学系统焦点的偏离而引起的像散量,参照已标定的物体位置与像散量之间的关系,可计算出物体的实际位移或振幅.利用这套系统对压电陶瓷片的振动状态进行了测量,得到了振动的振幅及频率.测量结果表明,该系统的测量灵敏度优于17 nm.     

一种红外体温测量装置的研究与制作

本文测量了一种热释电双敏元传感器的物理特性,研究了被测物体运动速度、测量距离、环境温度和湿度对测量结果的影响.在此基础上,自制了非接触测温装置,可实时监控移动人体的体温.     

一种采用快速半导体线光源的阴影莫尔测量方法

物体三维轮廓、形变、振动、位移等参量的光电测量方法,以其非接触、高精度、高灵敏度以及易于实现自动测量等优点,而被广泛地应用。本文设计并实现了一种快速半导体线光源,提出了一种快速变光源阴影莫尔物体轮廓测量法,大大提高了阴影莫尔测量的速度和精度,实现了非接触、无机械运动、无运行噪声、全光电测量的IC形变测量与分析系统。该系统的3σ重复精度为10μm。     

一种测量高温中间包的蓝宝石光纤温度计

介绍了一种测量高温的蓝宝石光纤温度计.蓝宝石单晶光纤由于其极好的高温物理化学性能,适用于高温下光纤测温应用,可用作辐射型光纤温度传感器.蓝宝石光纤温度计采用激光加热小基座法生长出端部掺Cr3+的蓝宝石光纤荧光温度传感头.用激光加热小基座,把对荧光有温度反应的材料如红宝石晶体光纤生长在蓝宝石光纤上,制成具有结构紧凑,耐高温,功能稳定的传感探头.通过荧光寿命的检测,可以测量所对应的温度.根据表面温度,可以依据温度场得到内部温度,用于测量连铸炉中的中间包钢水温度,并给出了温度计的实验系统以及原始实验数据.实验数据表明,此结果精度高,可实现非接触测量.     

一种测量高温中间包的蓝宝石光纤温度计

介绍了一种测量高温的蓝宝石光纤温度计.蓝宝石单晶光纤由于其极好的高温物理化学性能,适用于高温下光纤测温应用,可用作辐射型光纤温度传感器.蓝宝石光纤温度计采用激光加热小基座法生长出端部掺Cr3+的蓝宝石光纤荧光温度传感头.用激光加热小基座,把对荧光有温度反应的材料如红宝石晶体光纤生长在蓝宝石光纤上,制成具有结构紧凑,耐高温,功能稳定的传感探头.通过荧光寿命的检测,可以测量所对应的温度.根据表面温度,可以依据温度场得到内部温度,用于测量连铸炉中的中间包钢水温度,并给出了温度计的实验系统以及原始实验数据.实验数据表明,此结果精度高,可实现非接触测量.     

基于光电技术的速度测量方法

根据光电鼠标成像定位原理,用红外激光二极管和光电鼠标导航芯片测量物体位移,用单片机定时器测量时间,计算得到物体运动的瞬时速率.该方法实现了对运动的物体进行非接触式测量,并可以获得物体的速度曲线和加速度曲线.     

基于Modbus RTU的虚拟仪器风洞电机温度监控系统开发

为监测风洞运行过程中动力系统电机温升状态,使其工作性能和绝缘等级处于合理范围,应用研华ADAM-4015模块对置于风洞6kV高压电机相绕组与前后轴内的Pt100热电阻进行测量,本地PLC通过串口Modbus RTU协议与研华模块通讯获得电机实时温度,上位机虚拟仪器LabVIEW软件通过以太网OPC通讯实时获得PLC内电机温度值,实现了高压电机安全精确的隔离测量,以及本地、远程多个节点的温度实时监控、报警和安全联锁。实验结果表明,系统在-50℃～150℃范围内,可达到±0.1%精度,对最大功率下动力系统温升数据和特性曲线的获取实现了工作状态的分析预测,为安全互锁提供了控制依据。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.