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随着高频脉冲管制冷机技术的发展,为了进一步提高制冷机的性能,需要对制冷机内部机理进行进一步的深入分析.运用数值模拟方法对脉冲管制冷机进行仿真模拟,能够有效直观地研究脉冲管制冷机的内部工作机理.本文采用CFD软件(FLUENT(?)),建立了回热器的多孔介质模型对不同工况的高频脉冲管制冷机进行全三维模拟计算,得到了高频脉冲管制冷机内部的流动分布,并通过计算得到了频率和平均压力对制冷机的内部参数和性能的影响.将计算结果与实际制冷机的优化结合起来,为实验的优化提供一定的依据.优化并得到了一种高效率的高频脉冲管制冷机,其80 K的COP达到4%以上. 相似文献
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用于传导冷却超导磁体系统的GM制冷机处于强磁场环境中,由于二级蓄冷器的填充材料其性能随外部磁场大小而变化;而且冷头电机本身是永磁电机,电机性能受磁场影响更明显.因此,为了不影响制冷机的性能,需要详细地分析制冷机附近的磁场分布,将制冷机布置在低场区域;但是,高场磁体系统本身磁场强度高、温度裕度低,为了降低磁体运行时的热点温度,不可能将制冷机布置在距离磁体较远的区域,这时就需要对制冷机采取屏蔽措施.本文以正在建造的8T传导冷却超导磁体系统为例,研究了磁场对制冷机位置的影响,并分析了铁磁屏蔽对制冷机附近磁场的屏蔽效果. 相似文献
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有限时间热力学所得结果具有普适性,其研究结果已成为热物理学的一个重要基础.许多学者利用有限时间热力学方法对单级和多级正、反向两热源热力循环最优性能和最优构型进行了大量研究,获得了一些比经典热力学对于工程设计和优化更具有实际指导意义的新结论.综述了利用有限时间热力学理论对不同传热规律下单级和多级正、反向两热源热力循环最优性能和最优构型研究的最新进展,包括不同传热规律下内可逆和不可逆卡诺热机、制冷机和热泵循环的最优性能研究进展,两热源热机、制冷和热泵循环最优构型及多级复杂热力系统最优构型研究进展. 相似文献
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A model of an irreversible quantum Carnot heat engine with heat resistance, internal irreversibility and heat leakage and
many non-interacting harmonic oscillators is established in this paper. Based on the quantum master equation and semi-group
approach, equations of some important performance parameters, such as power output, efficiency, exergy loss rate and ecological
function for the irreversible quantum Carnot heat engine are derived. The optimal ecological performance of the heat engine
in the classical limit is analyzed with numerical examples. Effects of internal irreversibility and heat leakage on the ecological
performance are discussed. A performance comparison of the quantum heat engine under maximum ecological function and maximum
power conditions is also performed. 相似文献
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热漏、内不可逆性和导热规律对制冷机最优性能的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
1引言有限时间热力学研究制冷循环性能已取得了一批成果。已发表了热阻加热漏模型[1-4]、热阻加内不可逆模型问研究各种损失对卡诺循环性能的影响。本文作者用一常数项q表示热漏流率,用常系数表示热阻和热漏外的其余内不可逆性,建立了一类广义不可逆制冷机模型[6-7],并分析了牛顿传热定律下的最优性能。本文将基于此模型和较为普遍的导热规律,导出制冷机的制冷率、制冷系数最佳特性关系。2广义不可逆卡诺制冷机及其最优性能考虑一类工作在两个恒温热源之间的定常态流卡诺制冷机,循环中存在热阻、热漏和其它内不可逆性[6… 相似文献
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An irreversible Ericsson refrigeration cycle model is established, in which multi-irreversibilities such as finite-rate heat transfer, regenerative loss, heat leakage, and the efficiency of the regenerator are taken into account. Expressions for several important performance parameters, such as the cooling rate, coefficient of performance (COP), power input, exergy output rate, entropy generation rate, and ecological function are derived. The influences of the heat leakage and the time of the regenerative processes on the ecological performance of the refrigerator are analyzed. The optimal regions of the ecological function, cooling rate, and COP are determined and evaluated. Furthermore, some important parameter relations of the refrigerator are revealed and discussed in detail. The results obtained here have general significance and will be helpful in gaining a deep understanding of the magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle. 相似文献
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An irreversible combined Carnot cycle model using ideal quantum gases as a working medium was studied by using finite-time thermodynamics. The combined cycle consisted of two Carnot sub-cycles in a cascade mode. Considering thermal resistance, internal irreversibility, and heat leakage losses, the power output and thermal efficiency of the irreversible combined Carnot cycle were derived by utilizing the quantum gas state equation. The temperature effect of the working medium on power output and thermal efficiency is analyzed by numerical method, the optimal relationship between power output and thermal efficiency is solved by the Euler-Lagrange equation, and the effects of different working mediums on the optimal power and thermal efficiency performance are also focused. The results show that there is a set of working medium temperatures that makes the power output of the combined cycle be maximum. When there is no heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are parabolic-like ones, and the internal irreversibility makes both power output and efficiency decrease. When there is heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are loop-shaped ones, and the heat leakage loss only affects the thermal efficiency of the combined Carnot cycle. Comparing the power output of combined heat engines with four types of working mediums, the two-stage combined Carnot cycle using ideal Fermi-Bose gas as working medium obtains the highest power output. 相似文献
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A new model of a quantum refrigeration cycle composed of two adiabatic and
two isomagnetic field processes is established. The working substance in the
cycle consists of many non-interacting spin-1/2 systems. The performance of
the cycle is investigated, based on the quantum master equation and
semi-group approach. The general expressions of several important
performance parameters, such as the coefficient of performance, cooling
rate, and power input, are given. It is found that the coefficient of
performance of this cycle is in the closest analogy to that of the classical
Carnot cycle. Furthermore, at high temperatures the optimal relations of the
cooling rate and the maximum cooling rate are analysed in detail. Some
performance characteristic curves of the cycle are plotted, such as the
cooling rate versus the maximum ratio between high and low ``temperatures'
of the working substances, the maximum cooling rate versus the ratio between
high and low ``magnetic fields' and the ``temperature' ratio between high
and low reservoirs. The obtained results are further generalized and
discussed, so that they may be directly applied to describing the performance
of the quantum refrigerator using spin-$J$ systems as the working substance.
Finally, the optimum characteristics of the quantum Carnot and Ericsson
refrigeration cycles are derived by analogy. 相似文献
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Prandtl number and thermoacoustic refrigerators 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tijani ME Zeegers JC de Waele AT 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2002,112(1):134-143
From kinetic gas theory, it is known that the Prandtl number for hard-sphere monatomic gases is 2/3. Lower values can be realized using gas mixtures of heavy and light monatomic gases. Prandtl numbers varying between 0.2 and 0.67 are obtained by using gas mixtures of helium-argon, helium-krypton, and helium-xenon. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the effect of Prandtl number on the performance of a thermoacoustic refrigerator using gas mixtures. The measurements show that the performance of the refrigerator improves as the Prandtl number decreases. The lowest Prandtl number of 0.2, obtained with a mixture containing 30% xenon, leads to a coefficient of performance relative to Carnot which is 70% higher than with pure helium. 相似文献
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The fundamental optimal relation between heating load and coefficient of performance (COP) of a generalized irreversible Carnot
heat pump is derived based on a new generalized heat transfer law, which includes the generalized convective heat transfer
law and generalized radiative heat transfer law, q ∝ (ΔT
n
)
m
. The generalized irreversible Carnot heat pump model incorporates several internal and external irreversibilities, such as
heat resistance, bypass heat leakage, friction, turbulence and other undesirable irreversibility factors. The added irreversibilities
besides heat resistance are characterized by a constant parameter and a constant coefficient. The effects of heat transfer
laws and various loss terms are analysed. The heating load vs. COP characteristic of a generalized irreversible Carnot heat
pump is a parabolic-like curve, which is consistent with the experimental result of thermoelectric heat pump. The obtained
results include those obtained in many literatures and indicated that the analysis results of the generalized irreversible
Carnot heat pump were more suitable for engineering practice than those of the endoreversible Carnot heat pump. 相似文献