360W@4.5K氦制冷机预冷过程的数学建模

针对360W@4.5K氦制冷机的降温过程建立了数学模型。首先分别建立了各个部件的模型,然后通过氦气状态参数的传递将各个模块连接起来。对关键部件换热器采用集中参数法,忽略其内部的温度梯度;利用换热器温度变化速率远小于氦气的特点,将换热器的温度变化从时间上离散,在每一个时间步长内,只考虑氦气温度的变化。该模型可求解不同控制策略下的降温时间,从而为不同控制策略的比较提供依据。     

20K氦气循环低温系统的研制

针对大冷量氦气循环低温系统的研制进行了论述,该系统由氦气循环、低温换热和监测控制三个单元组成。氦气循环单元为氦气提供循环动力,以及压力和流量的调节,氦气循环单元中的氦气压缩机由螺杆制冷压缩机进行改造,同时对螺杆压缩机的冷却、后处理进行了优化。低温换热单元为循环氦气提供冷源,该单元使用的冷源介质为液氮和液氦,先使用液氮对系统进行预冷,然后采取液氦进行降温。监测控制单元对系统中的温度、压力和流量测量点进行监测,上位机软件自动绘制温度和压力曲线,并对数据进行存储。     

20K氦气循环低温系统的研制北大核心

针对大冷量氦气循环低温系统的研制进行了论述,该系统由氦气循环、低温换热和监测控制三个单元组成。氦气循环单元为氦气提供循环动力,以及压力和流量的调节,氦气循环单元中的氦气压缩机由螺杆制冷压缩机进行改造,同时对螺杆压缩机的冷却、后处理进行了优化。低温换热单元为循环氦气提供冷源,该单元使用的冷源介质为液氮和液氦,先使用液氮对系统进行预冷,然后采取液氦进行降温。监测控制单元对系统中的温度、压力和流量测量点进行监测,上位机软件自动绘制温度和压力曲线,并对数据进行存储。     

冷氦气闭式循环冷却的高温超导电机转子降温分析

高温超导电机转子一种常见的冷却方式为G-M制冷机提供冷量,氦气为冷媒,氦气泵提供循环动力,其转子降温过程是一个多参数耦合的复杂过程,针对该种冷却方式,阐述了一种基于集总参数法的转子降温分析简易方法,进行了降温计算,并与试验值进行了比较,分析了降温过程中转子与冷头的温度变化特点。     

超导同步调相机低温系统设计与试验研究

超导同步调相机是一种用于电力系统的新型动态无功补偿设备, 具有高效、 快速响应等优点. 本文描述了10 Mvar 高温超导同步调相机的总体结构, 励磁绕组采用 YBCO 高温超导带材绕制而成, 通过循环的20 K 冷氦气进行冷却. 低温系统主要包含3 台制冷机、1 台氦气泵、 冷头换热器及其他辅助设备, 通过旋转密封装置与电机转子部分进行连接. 本文重点介绍了低温系统的设计方法, 包括转子、 绝热力矩管和电流引线等关键部位漏热和氦气管路流阻的计算方法, 并通过多次降温试验进行实验验证. 通过对带负载试验结果分析得出: 存在最优的氦气压力和氦气泵转速运行参数, 使得电机转子部分获的最佳冷却效果. 通过与300 kvar 高温超导同步调相机的耦合测试发现, 所研制的低温系统可将转子系统冷却至22.4 K, 满足调相机应用中对低温环境的要求.     

换热器低温结霜工况性能试验系统的研制

为了对换热器在低温结霜工况下的动态运行特性进行研究,设计搭建了换热器结霜工况性能实验台,安装了各参数测量仪表和传感器。实验台由制冷循环和模拟低温工况的风道循环两部分组成,并采用C#编程技术,基于.NET开发了集环境模拟、数据采集、显示和数据处理、实时曲线和视频显示功能于一体的远程测控系统,该试验系统的研制为低温结霜工况下换热器运行特性研究提供了更多的实验参考和计算依据。     

基于Aspen的超临界CO2布雷顿循环性能研究

超临界二氧化碳(SCO_2)布雷顿循环发电系统与传统火力发电系统相比,具有系统尺寸小、循环效率高、工质易获取等优势。本文首先采用Aspen HYSYS与Aspen Plus软件分别建立了三种循环模型:简单循环、再压缩循环和分流再压缩循环;并使用三种物性方法对每种循环进行了模拟;对比实验室的数据,研究了不同物性方法的模拟精确度,数据表明Aspen Plus软件下的REFPROP物性计算方法精确度较高。然后在不同的工况参数下,使用该物性方法计算对比了三种循环在相同工况下的循环效率,结果证实:为获得高效率,回热尤为重要。最后,以再压缩循环模型为基础,在不同的回热条件下,研究了循环中五个主要参数对循环效率的影响。本文结论可为SCO_2的再压缩循环模型设计提供参考。     

冷冻靶制备用低温氦气循环系统

常温高压渗透充气、低温冷却的冷冻靶球,需要20K以下的低温循环氦气,用于冷却高压渗透室和低温恒温腔。本套系统采用GM制冷机为冷源,采用专用氦压缩机为循环泵,设计高效率的回热式换热器,实现末端的20K以下低温氦气,通过低温氦气冷却终端部件,实现了20K的低温恒温环境和渗透室的冷却。     

循环倍率对冷风机场协同数以及制冷系统的影响

根据场协同原理,可通过改变制冷剂循环倍率,来改变冷风机场协同数,从而提高换热效率。通过试验数据计算得出,当蒸发温度为-30℃,实验中的制冷剂循环倍率从2.5增大到5.0时,换热器的场协同数逐渐升高到趋于基本恒定。所测的降温速度、计算的COP均在场协同数达到拐点时最佳。     

氦气回收纯化系统的设计与应用

为实现激波风洞试验尾气氦气(氦含量>80%)的回收和循环利用，研制了一套氦气回收与纯化系统。该系统采用三塔真空变压吸附的技术将试验尾气中的氮气等杂质气体去除，得到纯度大于98%的氦气。系统采用开式纯化和闭式纯化相结合的工艺方式，将氦气的回收率提高到97%。系统调试结果表明，研制的氦气回收纯化系统在常温条件下实现了风洞试验尾气的回收、纯化和循环使用，有效地降低了风洞运行和维护成本，同时也节约了氦气资源。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.