300MJ环状高温超导储能磁体的优化设计

介绍了300M J环状高温超导储能磁体优化设计的步骤。为了提高优化设计的效率,减少常规寻优方法的计算量,将改进的粒子群优化算法引入到高温超导储能磁体的优化设计中,给出了用B i-2223超导线材进行300M J环状储能磁体设计的优化结果,并采用商用电磁场有限元分析软件ANSYS对本文关于环状螺线管系统磁场、能量计算方法的正确性进行了验证。     

35kJ高温超导储能磁体的优化设计

介绍了35kJ高温超导储能磁体的设计步骤。为了减少常规寻优方法的计算量,将加权粒子群优化算法(WPSO)引入到高温超导储能磁体的优化设计中,给出了用B i-2223超导线材进行35kJ储能磁体设计的优化结果,分析了高温超导线材的各向异性对磁体临界电流的影响,并比较了两种不同的单螺线管磁体结构在不同优化目标的情况下,超导线材用量和杂散磁场的分布的变化。     

10MJ高温超导环形磁体电磁优化设计

随着超导技术的发展,大容量、高场强的高温超导磁体已成为未来超导磁体的主要发展方向。文中以10MJ高温超导环形磁体为研究对象,以磁体的总用线量为优化目标,采用二代YBCO带材进行了环形磁体的电磁优化设计,利用遗传算法和有限元建模获得了磁体的最小总用线量,分析了在满足磁体储能量的情况下,线圈的内直径和线圈个数对环形磁体临界电流、总用线量的影响。     

1MJ高温超导储能-限流磁体的电磁优化设计

超导磁体是超导储能-限流系统(SMES-FCL)中最为核心的部件,它运行于复杂电磁环境中,电磁设计是整个磁体设计中最为重要的环节。文中结合1G和2G高温超导带材的电磁特性,采用两种带材混合绕制磁体的技术方案,运用有限元方法(FEM)对1MJ高温超导磁体的电磁结构和特性进行仿真分析和研究。经过仿真与优化,综合带材用量、制冷成本和运行成本以及在脉冲和限流等极端情况下所需安全裕度等多种因素,完成磁体的电磁优化设计。     

77K下高温超导带材电磁各项异性多样性研究

在高温超导装置的设计过程中,超导材料临界电流的电磁各向异性参数是关键基础数据,也是进行优化设计的依据。文中对国内外5家高温超导生产商的8款高温超导带材在77K下的电磁各项异性情况进行了测试,通过对比分析发现并总结了这些高温超导带材电磁各向异性的多样性。基于文中的研究结果,在高温超导磁体设计过程中需要对所选型号、所用批次的高温超导带材进行全面的电磁各项异性测试,以确保设计的可靠性。     

粒子群算法改进及在高温超导磁体优化设计中的应用

本文阐述了基本粒子群优化方法及其改进,选用测试函数对该算法及其改进算法的寻优性能作了对比;并利用Comsol软件对单螺线管超导储能磁体进行了电磁计算,阐述了磁场垂直分量最大值的位置及高温超导磁体的磁场垂直分量对临界电流的影响;最后将各种优化方法应用于高温超导磁体的设计中。经联合仿真优化,高温超导磁体减小了体积,提高了材料利用率,节约了材料用量,并减小了制冷时所消耗的电源功率。     

高温超导SMES磁体能量损耗的分析

通过实验和仿真对35kJ/7kW传导冷却高温超导SMES磁体稳态运行和动态功率交换时的能量损耗进行了分析,讨论了功率交换时磁体各个主要部件能量损耗分布的特点,最后根据分析结论指出了现阶段降低传导冷却高温超导SMES储能磁体损耗的优化设计方向。     

35kJ直接冷却高温超导储能磁体

介绍了直接冷却高温超导储能磁体的基本结构,分析了磁体的电磁特性,分析结果表明,磁体电磁设计中采用端部两对饼并联的方式,削弱了磁体端部磁场径向分量,提高临界电流,磁体表现了较好的电磁特性;仿真了磁体与电力系统进行功率交换时的热特性,仿真结果与实验结果两者温度变化总体趋势是一致的;介绍了磁体的冷却实验和磁体系统的动态模拟实验结果.实验结果表明磁体的冷却措施和低温系统的冷却方案是可行的,磁体具有较好的热稳定性.     

考虑磁场径向分量的高温超导储能磁体几何结构优化配置

高温超导储能磁体磁场的径向分量使得带材利用率不高且磁体储能密度低.针对此问题,本文提出了一种获得高温超导储能磁体最优几何结构配置的方法.首先利用MATLAB对YBCO高温超导储能单螺管磁体的结构进行优化获得初步模型,随后对双饼线圈进行分组,利用电磁场有限元分析软件对内外三阶梯和内外八阶梯结构磁体的磁场径向分量、储能大小进行了分析,研究了相邻双饼线圈不同厚度间距对磁体带材利用率和磁体储能密度的影响.由仿真计算结果可知,内外多阶梯结构磁体均能够提升磁体的性能,其本质是减小磁场径向分量.通过对计算结果比较分析最后获得了储能磁体几何结构的最优配置.     

高温超导储能磁体多物理场解耦设计

针对在高温超导储能磁体设计中多物理场耦合分析问题,本文提出了一种面向有限元分析的解耦优化设计方法,并以一台150kJ/100kW高温超导磁储能磁体为例进行了有限元仿真验证。本文首先梳理了高温超导储能磁体的多场耦合关系,提出在材料物性关系和多场耦合关系中分别以温度和电磁场为主导因素;进而归纳得出,磁体易失超危险区分布及解耦分析中多物理场数据流向设计,是设计过程中的关键问题,并给出了分析策略;最后按照逻辑合理、工作量最省的原则提出了解耦综合优化主流程,及针对易失超危险区的优化建议。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.