pH诱导烟草多酚氧化酶二级结构变化的光谱学研究

为了获得更多的关于多酚氧化酶二级结构和活性中心结构的信息 ,应用FT -IR以及去卷积技术、荧光光谱、紫外差光谱研究了溶液 pH的变化对烟草多酚氧化酶的二级结构的影响并对其活性中心的光谱跃迁进行了归属 .实验结果表明 ,随着 pH值的降低或提高 ,多酚氧化酶的二级结构发生了变化 ,浕 螺旋和反平行 β 折叠含量减少 ,无规卷曲含量有所增加 ,同时色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的微环境发生了一定的变化 ;随pH的降低 ,活性中心的Cu2 + 与配位的组氨酸咪唑基的作用加强 ;此外 ,归属和讨论了酶活性中心金属离子与配体间全部电荷转移谱带     

新天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程

本文利用荧光光谱和园二色光谱研究了新天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程.结果显示:新天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠是一个只包含天然蛋白和变性终态的二态过程,与已经报道的天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程不同.     

胱氨酸与烟草多酚氧化酶相互作用的研究

研究了胱氨酸与烟草多酚氧化酶的相互作用。结果表明 ,胱氨酸对烟草多酚氧化酶有抑制作用 ,其机制可能是胱氨酸中的硫醚与酶活性中心铜离子配位 ,但反应物或产物均抑制这种络合 ;胱氨酸还可以与产物结合生成无色复合物 ;当胱氨酸与多酚氧化酶的分子比达到 16 0 0 0∶1时 ,就完全抑制了酶活性 ;对于荧光光谱 ,当分子比为 75∶1时 ,多酚氧化酶的荧光就不再发生变化 ;烟草多酚氧化酶中的色氨酸残基位于比较疏水的环境。     

盐酸胍诱导叶绿素变性的THz时域光谱研究

THz时域光谱对分子构型非常敏感,能快速方便的把具有相似结构的生物分子区分开来.利用THz光谱的这一技术特点,对盐酸胍诱导叶绿素a(Chl-a)和叶绿素b(Chl-b)变性进行了研究.实验结果表明,THz光谱不仅能够鉴别变性前后的叶绿素分子,而且探测到了新的实验现象.在盐酸胍作用下,两种分子的THz吸收谱中都出现一个位于1.7 THz处的峰.通过测量几种氨基酸和盐酸胍相互作用的样品后,观察到了相同位置的峰,进而验证了这个峰是由于叶绿素的C=O键和盐酸胍的N-H键相互作用形成氧键引起的.研究结果表明,运用THz光谱技术能有效地把具有相似结构的生物分子区分开来,这项技术也是监测生物分子变性的一种有力工具.     

光谱法研究变性剂对苦荞麦蛋白质构象的影响

采用紫外差示光谱和荧光光谱研究了不同浓度的乙醇溶液和盐酸胍溶液对苦荞麦蛋白质(TBWSP31)构象变化的影响.研究表明,TBWSP31的色氨酸残基和酪氨酸残基有的位于分子内部,有的暴露于分子表面.乙醇溶液使TBWSP31变性时,仅仅是分子的外层结构发生了变化,分子内部疏水核的变化较小,高浓度的盐酸胍使位于TBWSP31...     

热诱导β晶状体蛋白去折叠及寡聚体解聚过程的脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱

通过变温傅里叶变换红外光谱和脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱,系统地研究了β晶状体蛋白不同二级结构的热稳定性,以及热诱导β晶状体蛋白去折叠的动力学过程．结果表明,β晶状体蛋白N端的β反平行折叠热稳定性最低(转变的中点温度为36.0±2.1 oC),该结构的破坏导致了一种富含无规卷曲结构的β晶状体蛋白中间体形成, 认为该中间体可能由β晶状体寡聚体解聚后形成的单体,单体形成的中点温度为40.4±7 πC．β晶状体蛋白全局去折叠引发蛋白变性聚集的转变的中点温度为72.4±0.2 oC．脉冲升温时间分辨红外光谱进一步揭示出β晶状体蛋白的热诱导去折叠开始于N端的β反平行折叠结构,该结构去折叠所需时间约为50 ns     

荧光光谱分析超氧化物歧化酶的构象变化及其功能

通过荧光光谱研究了枯草芽孢杆菌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的分子构象在不同浓度盐酸胍、尿素以及不同pH条件下的变化及其与功能的关系.结果表明,SOD构象与功能的变化与其荧光光谱的变化有明显的对应关系.随着盐酸胍浓度的增加,SOD发射峰红移,荧光强度不断下降,且这两种变化同步发生;酶则出现快失活慢变构现象.而利用尿素变性SO...     

碳酸钙结晶对胃蛋白酶二级结构的影响

本文通过傅里叶变换红外光谱及退卷积、曲线拟合等技术研究了碳酸钙结晶对胃蛋白酶二级结构的影响 ,结果表明 :在纯的胃蛋白酶中 ,α 螺旋、 β 折叠、转角及无规卷曲等四种结构的含量分别为2 4 38% ,2 9 91% ,39 2 2 % ,6 4 9% ;而在CaCO3 胃蛋白酶溶液中 ,四种结构的含量分别为 2 0 9% ,93 30 4 % ,4 6 0 %和 0 0 0 6 %。由此可以看出 :碳酸钙晶体的形成使胃蛋白酶的α 螺旋结构减少 ,β 折叠结构增多 ,本文讨论了这种变化的本质。     

荧光光谱法研究盐酸胍浓度不同时变性胰蛋白酶的构象变化

蛋白变性过程中间体的存在是蛋白变性及复性动力学研究中不可缺少的证据。以胰蛋白酶为模型蛋白 ,用荧光光谱法系统地研究了在不同浓度变性剂盐酸胍存在时胰蛋白酶构象的变化 ,并与活性数据进行了对比。发现胰蛋白酶荧光光谱发射波长随变性剂盐酸胍浓度增大而逐渐增大 ,并且当盐酸胍浓度达到 2mol·L- 1 时胰蛋白酶的最大发射波长达到最大值 ,其后随盐酸胍浓度的增大最大发射波长反而逐渐减小 ,当盐酸胍浓度大于 3mol·L- 1 呈现不变的趋势。也就是说 ,在低浓度变性剂环境下 ,胰蛋白酶存在着一个与天然态和完全变性态的分子构象都不同的中间体状态 ,这个中间体状态的荧光发射波长最大 ,荧光发射强度也最大 ,而以此状态为复性起点 ,最终得到的复性产率也最低。对此原因从分子结构的基础上进行了探讨。     

二硫键的氧化还原状态对Trx融合赤霉酸诱导富含半胱氨酸蛋白内源荧光及变性过程影响

在采用亲和层析、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对原核表达的赤霉酸诱导的富含半胱氨酸蛋白(Trx-GcGASA)进行纯化、鉴定的基础上,运用稳态荧光光谱手段研究了二硫苏糖醇(DTT)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、过氧化氢、盐酸胍(GdnHCl)对Trx-GcGASA内源荧光及变性过程的影响,发现(1)在中性缓冲体系中融合蛋白的内源荧光以305 nm的酪氨酸的荧光发射为主;(2)伴随着二硫键还原,融合蛋白中色氨酸和酪氨酸的相对荧光强度比值从0.7变化至1.8倍左右;(3)经过0.5 mmol.L-1GSSG、5 mmol.L-1过氧化氢处理后,酪氨酸和色氨酸的荧光强度下降约12~21%;(4)无论是否采用1 mmol.L-1DTT处理,6 mol.L-1盐酸胍均不能诱导融合蛋白彻底变性;(5)二硫键的存在与否影响了盐酸胍诱导的变性过程。通过两态模型拟合获得Trx-GcGASA变性过程Gibbs自由能变化ΔG约为3.7 kJ.mol-1。相关工作不仅为深入研究融合伴侣Trx对GcGASA变性热力学、动力学及复性过程影响奠定了基础;同时,也为通过光谱手段获取GcGASA的结构信息提供了基础的数据。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.