用于低丰度添加剂检测的具有表面增强拉曼光谱活性的Au@Au@Ag双壳核纳米粒子的制备（英文）

本文合成了 Au@Au@Ag双壳核纳米粒子,并利用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见光谱进行了表征.以结晶紫作为拉曼探针,并与相同方法制备的Au、Au@Ag和Au@Au核壳纳米粒子比较,发现其表面增强拉曼光谱活性明显增强.通过引入氯化钠,发现所得材料的表面增强拉曼光谱活性进一步增强,氯化钠浓度在表面增强拉曼光谱检测中起着关键作用.在适当的氯化钠浓度下,检测限可低至10~(-10) mol/L,并讨论了其中可能的增强机制.通过简单的样品预处理,利用该材料作为基底可以检测辣椒粉中罗丹明B,检出限可达5 μg/g.该研究表明Au@Au@Ag双壳核纳米粒子在检测低浓度非法食品添加剂方面具有潜在用途.     

Au@SiO2纳米粒子的制备及其用于西维因的检测

采用一种简单、低成本的方法制备了单分散不同壳层厚度的Au@SiO2核壳纳米粒子.以结晶紫为探针分子,研究了核壳纳米粒子的壳层隔离纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱（SHINERS）效应与二氧化硅壳层厚度之间的关系.结果表明：随着壳层厚度从30nm减小到4nm,粒子之间局域电磁场作用逐渐增加,探针分子的拉曼信号强度大幅度增强.用增强效果最佳的4 nm SiO2壳层厚度的核壳纳米粒子可检测到浓度低达10-5mol/L溶液中的西维因,希望结合便携拉曼仪实现农产品中残留农药西维因的现场检测.     

电沉积花状Au@R6G复合纳米粒子及其表面增强拉曼散射活性

采用循环伏安法(CV), 在ITO玻璃表面一步法电沉积了花状的Au@R6G(罗丹明6G)复合纳米粒子膜, 该膜呈现很强的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性, 比传统制备金膜的方法提高了一个数量级。采用扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM), X射线衍射光谱(XRD), 拉曼光谱对复合纳米粒子进行表征。通过实验发现, 电沉积20圈时的Au@R6G样品SERS信号增强最为显著, R6G的SERS检测限可达到10-10 M。     

用于SERS基底的Au-Pd核壳纳米颗粒和银纳米立方颗粒的制备及表征(英文)

本文研究了尺寸可控的Au -Pd核壳纳米粒子和银纳米立方颗粒的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。发现Au-Pd核壳纳米粒子的增强能力要比粗糙的钯电极强;银纳米立方颗粒的增强能力和粗糙的银电极相当。更为重要的是,银纳米立方颗粒既具有原子级平整的小单晶面又处于纳米尺度,因而它们可以作为粗糙表面和结构确定的单晶表面之间的桥梁,对其SERS效应的研究可以加深人们对SERS机理的认识。     

Fe3O4@Au纳米材料的制备和光谱性质

采用共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4纳米颗粒,并以其为晶种利用晶种生长法制备了Fe3O4@Au磁性复合纳米粒子。吸收光谱显示Au壳层成功包覆在了Fe3O4纳米核的表面。以结晶紫为探针分子的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱展示了Fe3O4@Au良好的SERS活性。     

不同Ag壳厚度Au@Ag纳米粒子的调控制备表征及表面增强拉曼光谱的效应

采用化学还原法制备了以Au为核、包覆Ag的双金属核壳Au@Ag纳米粒子,并成功地用于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)分析测试。通过改变制备液中Ag/Au的量比来调控Ag壳包覆厚度。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)对Au@Ag纳米粒子的构貌进行表征。TEM显示明显存在核壳结构,且Ag壳层随Ag/Au的量比的增加而逐渐变厚;UV-Vis表明随着Ag/Au的量比的增加,Au@Ag纳米粒子出现了Au核与Ag壳吸收峰的2个等离子体共振峰,同时伴随着Au峰的蓝移和Ag峰的红移。以双甲脒为分析物,考察了不同Ag/Au的量比时的Au@Ag纳米粒子的SERS活性。结果表明,SERS活性随Ag/Au的量比的增加先增大后减小,在6∶5时其SERS增强效应最佳,此时Ag壳厚度约为6 nm。以对巯基苯胺(4-ATP)、结晶紫(CV)和双甲脒为分析测试对象,对比了Au@Ag、Ag、Au 3种基底的SERS活性。结果表明,所制备的Au@Ag纳米粒子的SERS活性要明显优于单纯的Au、Ag纳米粒子。     

乌洛托品的表面增强拉曼光谱研究及其在粉丝快速检测中的应用

计算了乌洛托品的拉曼光谱,并以银溶胶为活性基底研究了乌洛托品的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。研究了氯化钠作为促凝剂时的增强效果,结果表明对于银溶胶氯化钠有很好的优化作用。测量不同浓度乌洛托品溶液的SERS,当乌洛托品水溶液浓度低至10-8 g/mL时,依然可以得到明显的拉曼光谱信号。选择1052cm-1处的拉曼特征峰作为研究对象,建立了乌洛托品SERS特征峰强与水溶液浓度之间的函数关系。将这种乌洛托品的检测方法应用于粉丝样品的检测之中,检测下限为10-6g/mL。此种方法操作简便快捷,在粉丝中乌洛托品的快速定性检测方面具有特有的优势。     

玻璃基质中银纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

本文利用离子交换技术结合后续处理过程在玻璃基质中引入Ag纳米粒子,首先通过Ag+交换把Ag+引入到载玻片中,再结合进一步的K+交换或后续热退火处理使Ag+还原成Ag纳米粒子。分别采用吸收光谱和扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)对所制备的Ag纳米粒子进行光学性质和表面形貌的表征。为了研究Ag纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)活性,我们分别以含Ag纳米粒子的载玻片和不同浓度的罗丹明6G(R6G)溶液作为基底和探针分子进行了拉曼光谱测试,基底呈现良好的增强效果。根据表面增强拉曼光谱的测试结果,给予相应的分析和解释。     

表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测尿液中的尿酸

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种表面灵敏度极高的“指纹”光谱技术,检测限可达单分子级别。它可以实现痕量物质的特异性识别及快速、无损检测,广泛应用于生命科学、电化学、环境安全等领域以及人们的日常生活中。通过种子生长法成功地实现了形貌均匀、尺寸可调的球形金纳米粒子的制备,并以此作为增强基底进一步探索其粒径对尿酸拉曼谱峰强度的影响。结果表明,金纳米粒子的尺寸显著影响其拉曼增强能力。在研究范围内,随着金纳米粒子尺寸的增加,其拉曼增强能力逐渐增加。在激光波长为638 nm时,150 nm的金纳米粒子具有最优的拉曼增强能力。这使得它们可适用于尿酸溶液的快速高灵敏度分析,检测限可达0.01 mmol·L-1。进一步的研究还表明,该方法可用于痕量尿酸的定量检测。在0.01～0.5 mmol·L-1范围内,尿酸的浓度与其特征拉曼峰640 cm-1处的峰强度之间呈线性关系,线性相关系数达0.98。将该方法用于真实样品(正常人体尿液)的快速检测,发现该方法不受尿液中其他成分的干扰,可以实现人体尿液中尿酸含量的快速测定。研究结果表明,以金纳米粒子作为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱方法可方便、快速地对尿液中尿酸的含量进行分析,极大地拓展了表面增强拉曼光谱在临床上的应用与研究。     

纳米Ag材料表面等离子体激元引起的表面增强拉曼散射光谱研究

用热蒸发的方法制备了纳米Ag材料,并用扫描电子显微镜对纳米粒子进行了形貌的表征,通过紫外—可见分光光度计得到Ag纳米粒子的透过谱,得到了Ag纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振的峰值位置.以罗丹明6G为探针分子测定Ag纳米粒子衬底的表面增强拉曼散射效应,通过拉曼散射光谱与透过谱研究了由表面等离子体激元的强极化场引起的表面增强拉曼散射效应,结合透过谱与拉曼增益因子提出了一种描述表面等离子体光学和电学特性的方法,并结合扫描电镜的结果给出了不同结构的纳米Ag材料对表面等离子体激元强度的影响. 关键词： 热蒸发 纳米Ag材料 表面等离子体 表面增强拉曼散射     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.