低频无规入射声场通过矩形板入射到闭空间的隔声量──Ⅰ．理论部分

运用模态耦合方法，本文计算了低频无规入射声场通过矩形薄板入射到矩形闭空间的隔声量。在计算时，考虑了三种无规入射声场的模型：（１）单频无规入射声场为空间分布的随机过程；（２）单频无规入射声场中每点为δ函数，点点互不相关；（３）单频无规入射场是从各个方向以相同振幅和随机相位入射的平面波的迭加。对这三种模型，推导了其隔声量计算公式，并进行了计算机模拟，给出了所研究系统的无规入射声场频响。     

入射光参量对Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的影响

采用非同时读出条件下晶体两波耦合实验装置,研究了入射光强度及光入射角对Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的影响.结果表明,光扇效应存在明显的入射光强度阈值特性,入射光强度阈值为38.2 mW/cm2.对应相同的入射光强度,光入射角θ为15°时稳态光扇强度Ifsat最强,如:入射光强度为38.2 mW/cm2时,Ifsat最大为0.7 mW/cm2;入射光强度为57.3 mW/cm2时,Ifsat最大为1.8 mW/cm2.     

Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的响应时间特性研究

以单束光入射Ce∶KNSBN晶体,系统研究了不同入射光波长下,Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应的响应时间随入射光强度及光入射角的变化情况.结果显示,相同的入射光强度及光入射角下,入射光波长较短时,光扇效应到达稳态的时间较短.相同的入射光强度下,随光入射角的增大,响应时间先减小后增大,但不同波长入射光下,最小值对应的光入射角不同,入射光波长为532 nm时,响应时间最小值对应的θ为15°;入射光波长为632.8 nm时,对应的θ为15.5°.同时研究发现,入射光强度逐渐增大的过程中,响应时间在逐渐减小.     

超声纵波在孔隙砂岩中的传播特性实验*

为了深入研究不同入射频率下超声波纵波在砂岩中的传播特性,以灰、红、褐砂岩为研究对象,开展了基于50 k Hz、100 kHz、200 kHz、500 kHz和1000 kHz入射频率的超声波纵波测试。提取纵波波速、幅值衰减系数、主频幅值、波形能量这些声学参数,结合入射频率和砂岩孔隙率进行传播特性的相关性分析。结果表明,在3种砂岩中,纵波波速随入射频率增大呈非线性增长趋势,砂岩种类不同,波速增长规律也不同;波形能量和主频幅值随入射频率呈指数关系降低;灰、红砂岩纵波波速随孔隙率越大,下降速率越大,褐砂岩在同级孔隙率下波速差异性明显。建立了基于3种砂岩的入射频率和幅值衰减系数的回归方程;基于200 kHz的入射频率,建立了砂岩孔隙率于波形能量的回归方程,实际测试中建议采用200 kHz作为入射频率,可较好兼顾检测的灵敏度和探测距离。研究成果为建立声学参数与砂岩抗压强度之间的内在联系提供了更多数据支撑,为实际物探测试中超声波入射频率的选择提供参考。     

Ce∶KNSBN晶体光扇效应的入射光强度阈值特性研究

采用非同时读出条件下的两波耦合实验装置,以单束光入射Ce∶KNSBN光折变晶体,系统研究了Ce∶KNSBN晶体中光扇效应随入射光偏振态、入射光强度、光入射角的变化情况。结果表明异常偏振光入射晶体时光扇效应明显,且存在明显的入射光强度阈值特性,入射光强度阈值为38.2mW/cm2;相同光入射角下,稳态光扇强度随入射光强度的增强而明显变大;对应相同的入射光强度,稳态光扇强度随光入射角θ的增大而增大,当θ为15°时到达峰值,而后随θ的增大而逐渐减小。同时对光扇效应的入射光强度阈值特性以及稳态光扇强度随入射光偏振态、入射光强度、光入射角的变化作出了相应的物理解释。     

Ce:KNSBN晶体光扇效应的入射光强度阈值特性研究

采用非同时读出条件下的两波耦合实验装置,以单束光入射Ce:KNSBN光折变晶体,系统研究了Ce:KNSBN晶体中光扇效应随入射光偏振态、入射光强度、光入射角的变化情况.结果表明异常偏振光入射晶体时光扇效应明显,且存在明显的入射光强度阈值特性,入射光强度阈值为38.2 mW/cm2;相同光入射角下,稳态光扇强度随入射光强度的增强而明显变大;对应相同的入射光强度,稳态光扇强度随光入射角θ的增大而增大,当θ为15°时到达峰值,而后随θ的增大而逐渐减小.同时对光扇效应的入射光强度阈值特性以及稳态光扇强度随入射光偏振态、入射光强度、光入射角的变化作出了相应的物理解释.     

BaTiO3:Ce自泵浦相位共轭产生机理随泵浦光斑尺寸的变化

实验发现当光入射到晶体表面的泵浦光斑尺寸较小时,无论入射角和入射位置怎样,擦除光对相位共轭反射率没有影响,同时从上表面可观察到全内反射的光回路,所以SPPC的形成机理为FWM-TIR;当入射到晶体表面的泵浦光斑尺寸较大时,在一定的入射角和入射位置,擦除光的作用使相位共轭反射率很快减小,表明这时的SPPC的形成机理为FWM-SPB.     

旋转入射面法的进一步研究与推广

光学薄膜的反射率和透射率是其主要光学特性。透射率易于测量且精度较高,常用于光学薄膜光学常数和膜厚的拟合。许多光学薄膜工作在倾斜入射条件下,常需要测量其倾斜入射透射率(Ts和Tp)。在测量过程中,需要使用起偏器产生高偏振度的线偏振光。对于小型分光光度计来说,为其提供一个满足要求的起偏器,无疑将增加相当的成本。为解决这一问题,对旋转入射面法进行了进一步的研究和推广。考虑到旋转入射面法可使用具有一定偏振度的部分偏振光进行倾斜入射透射率的测量,且分光光度计的输出光束通常为具有一定偏振度的部分偏振光,旋转入射面法在满足一定条件的前提下可以不使用起偏器测量光学薄膜的倾斜入射透射率。研究表明:当偏振因子绝对值大于0.167时,旋转起偏器可以精确测量光学薄膜的倾斜入射透射率,且偏振因子绝对值越大测量精度越高。该方法所测平均透射率在整个测量波段内都具有很高的精度;而Ts和Tp在透射率对入射角较不敏感或随波长变化较平坦的波段具有较高的测量精度。     

两维漂移室的结构和性能

在MIT型漂移室中加延迟线, 构成两维漂移室. 室内充P-9气体. 漂移室内电子平均漂移速度为3.34厘米/微秒. 室的平均空间分辨率为570微米. 对准直、穿过室的β射线, 输出脉冲幅度随β射线的入射位置有变化. X射线入射时, 在高电压区, 气体放大和X射线入射位置有关.     

双球粒子对任意入射单波束及双波束的散射

基于广义Lorenz-Mie理论,研究了双介质球粒子对任意角度入射波束的散射.将入射波束用球矢量波函数展开,推导了双介质球形粒子对任意入射单波束的散射方程;将该方法进一步推广,研究了双波束任意入射时的情况.以Gauss波束为例,对以上理论进行了数值验证,比较分析了单波束及双波束任意入射时散射特性随入射方向、球心距等参数的变化关系.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.