神光Ⅲ主机装置首次间接驱动内爆集成实验

基于新建成的神光Ⅲ主机装置开展了首次激光间接驱动内爆集成实验。国内首次采用多环脉冲整形激光注入黑腔产生X光辐射驱动内爆,通过优化激光打靶参数控制驱动不对称性,演示了以惯性压缩为主、收缩比约15倍的DT靶丸内爆实验能力, 实现了准一维的高静产额(YOC)和高中子产额的物理指标;其中,真空黑腔DT靶丸最高中子产额为1.91012,YOC达到60%;充气黑腔DT靶丸最高中子产额为2.41012,YOC大约70%。该实验为未来开展多台阶整形辐射驱动、更高倍数收缩比的高压缩内爆综合实验、验证点火靶物理设计和关键调控措施有效性奠定了基础。     

大型激光原型装置低燃料面密度诊断技术

由于某大型激光原型装置内爆实验的燃料面密度很低,提出了利用充纯D燃料内爆产生的初级DD中子和次级DT中子的产额比值来诊断燃料面密度的方法。在该原型装置的首轮内爆实验中,利用研制的高灵敏塑料闪烁体探测器对初级DD中子产额和次级DT中子产额进行了测量。通过实验发现,当初级DD中子产额高于108时,可以测得次级DT中子实验数据。建立了均匀内爆模型,用初级和次级中子产额比值法对燃料面密度进行计算,获得的该原型装置首轮内爆实验燃料压缩的平均面密度小于4.0 mg/cm2。     

示踪材料在内爆X光诊断过程中的作用

 激光聚变内爆实验中,在燃料中掺杂少量比例的中高Z材料,用X光光谱和X光成像测量掺杂元素的发射信息,诊断燃料的温度、密度和压缩形状。用辐射流体力学数值计算和X光成像后处理程序综合分析方法,给出了内爆靶丸优化设计,并讨论示踪材料在X光诊断中的作用。结果表明:在靶丸燃料D2中掺原子分数约1.0％的氩,内爆压缩中子产额下降约15％。由于氩线发射使整个燃料区X光发射强度提高约50倍,X光成像区域增大约30％,有利于实验诊断测量燃料芯部。为了测量燃料区的边界,在CH内壳层涂厚度0.05 μm的硫,分析表明硫Ly-α单能成像大小与流体力学计算的燃料区大小一致,可用于诊断燃料最终压缩界面。数值分析结果得到了神光Ⅱ间接驱动内爆物理相关实验的验证。     

激光间接驱动惯性约束聚变内爆物理实验研究

激光间接驱动惯性约束聚变利用辐射烧蚀驱动靶丸球形内爆,在减速阶段将内爆动能转化成热斑内能,同时压缩燃料,达到点火条件,实现聚变点火。根据目前认识,影响内爆压缩过程的主要因素包括内爆对称性、燃料熵增因子、内爆速度和混合。内爆物理实验研究的目的是发展对上述影响因素的实验表征方法,获取这些影响因素随靶设计参数的变化规律,建立相应的实验调控能力,最终达到不断提升内爆性能的目的。为此,在内爆对称性方面,开展了Bi球自发光实验,用于研究点火脉冲前2ns驱动不对称性;在内爆速度方面,开展了球面弯晶单能流线实验,测量得到内爆速度和剩余质量随时间的变化;在混合方面,开展了内壳层示踪涂层内爆混合实验,测量得到环形发光图像。为考察综合内爆性能,在神光Ⅱ和神光Ⅲ原型装置上开展了DT内爆实验,获得了中子产额随初始靶参数的变化规律。     

多次冲击波压缩DT冰理论研究

 冲击波压缩DT是ICF内爆过程中的主要熵增因素,如何用有限数目的时间整形冲击波实现近等熵压缩过程是优化点火靶设计的关键。利用理想气体和实际DT状态方程,计算系列冲击波压缩后的熵增和密度变化,分析表明,当第一个冲击波压强不大于0.1 TPa,后续再用3个冲击波达到10 TPa,总熵增不影响点火靶DT压缩性能,增加冲击波个数对DT熵增和压缩度改善效果很小。     

神光Ⅱ与神光Ⅲ原型上的辐射驱动小收缩比内爆靶设计

本文建立辐射驱动小收缩比(5至10倍)的内爆靶丸的设计方法,并利用辐射流体力学程序Multi-1d对神光Ⅱ和神光Ⅲ原型装置的辐射驱动小收缩比内爆靶丸进行模拟计算,设计出小收缩比内爆靶丸的构形,计算结果给出压缩比、中子产额、压缩面密度随燃料压力变化等内爆物理参量.神光Ⅱ装置上的内爆靶燃料分别采用DD气体和DT气体两种;神光Ⅲ原型装置的内爆靶燃料采用DD气体.神光Ⅱ上小收缩比内爆实验结果与模拟结果基本一致,表明Multi-1d用于设计此类实验的可靠性. 关键词： 辐射驱动 小收缩比 内爆 面密度     

小收缩比内爆实验初步研究

在神光III原型装置上,利用8路激光间接驱动充高气压DT靶丸,开展小收缩比内爆实验.实验中测量得到中子产额、离子温度、聚变反应速率峰值时刻(bangtime)等关键物理量,以及它们随烧蚀层厚度变化的规律.从定性和定量两个方面对实验结果进行了分析讨论,推测流体力学不稳定性和内爆不对称性是导致实验结果与一维辐射流体计算结果不一致的原因.     

高能密度物理实验装置FP-1及其应用

 综述了由高能密度物理装置FP-1驱动的固体套筒内爆研究情况。主要内容包括FP-1脉冲功率装置的特性和所进行的主要物理实验：铝套筒内爆、双套筒碰撞和微喷射、套筒的内爆脉冲屈曲等，给出了各类实验的典型结果。     

神光II装置辐射驱动内爆对称性的研究

 对神光II条件下辐射驱动内爆的不对称性进行了二维数值模拟。模拟结果表明，靶妨内爆的不对称性对辐射温度的不均匀性非常敏感，DT平均压缩度则对其不敏感。同时，内爆不对称性对中子产额和内爆效率有一定的影响。辐射驱动内爆的不对称性可以利用辐射温度源的时间调制得到明显的改善。     

激光加热充氖靶丸的压缩实验研究

在神光(10¹²W)激光器上,用充Ne靶丸开展了内爆压缩实验研究。结果表明:实现了激光加热靶丸的对称性内爆压缩,芯部电子密度达10²³cm^-3,平均内爆速度为3.3×10⁷cm/。 关键词：     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.