燃煤循环流化床燃烧脱硫的模型预测

燃煤循环流化床燃烧脱硫的模型预测池涌，岑可法，倪明江Ｐ·Ｂａｓｕ（浙江大学能源系杭州３１００２７）关键词：循环流化床，燃烧，脱硫，模型预测一、引言循环流化床锅炉在过去十几年中得到了广泛的应用，但与此同时由于循环流化床内流体动力特性的高度复杂使得数学模...     

用激光相位多普勒技术测量循环流化床中的颗粒运动特性

用激光相位多普勒技术测量循环流化床中的颗粒运动特性吕清刚，杨涛，潘忠刚（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）关键词：循环流化床，气固两相流动，激光相位多普勒颗粒动态分析仪１引言循环流化床燃烧装置已经得到了广泛的应用，但是由于流化床内的气固两相...     

燃煤增压流化床燃气-蒸汽轮机联合循环的热力性能

一、引言 煤炭是我国的主要能源,今后数十年中我国煤炭的开采和使用量都将大幅度地持续增长.为了有效地利用煤炭资源、保障人类健康和生态平衡,必须开发高效率低污染的燃煤技术.燃煤流化床具有煤种适应性强、可燃用低品位煤等优点,为充分利用煤炭资源开辟了新途径,且流化床中燃烧温度低,NO_x的生成量低,还可用石灰石等在床内脱硫,有效地降低环境污染.它与燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机等组成联合循环,可以显著地     

循环流化床煤燃烧中氮氧化物排放的研究

循环流化床煤燃烧中氮氧化物排放的研究冯波，袁建伟，刘皓，卢建欣，林志杰，刘德昌（华中理工大学动力系武汉４３００７４）关键词循环流化床，氮氧化物１前言近年来，ＮＺＯ由于对臭氧层的破坏作用和一定的温室效应而引起了较大的关注。特别地，在流化床煤燃烧中（包括...     

循环流化床内颗粒运动特性

1前言循环流化床作为一种先进的清洁煤燃烧技术，尤其在脱硫方面具有的独特优越性，使其在电力行业发展迅速。单台容量为250MWe级的循环流化床电站锅炉预计将在1998年运行，同时，国外正着手利用循环流化床燃烧技术改造老式煤粉锅炉。尽管循环流化床技术在工业界取得了很快的发展，但作为技术核心的内部颗粒运动特性还需做进一步的研究，以便为模型计算和装置放大提供更为精确的微观颗粒运动数据。作者为了探求循环床内颗粒运动特性，以求得到对工业发展的有用规律、优化设计及运行操作，利用FFT技术对三千多组颗粒浓度、颗粒速度和颗粒动…     

压力循环流化床中的传热研究

本文从理论与试验上研究压力循环流化床中床－壁面传热系数的变化规律。对常压循环流化床中的传热模型进行修正，发展了压力循环流化床中的传热模型。试验测试了床内传热系数随床内固体颗粒浓度、颗粒径和运行风速的变化规律。提出计算床－壁面传热系数的无量纲经验公式。     

模糊控制在循环流化床中的应用

大型循环流化床由于其目前还没有一个理想的数学模型，且运行时滞后时间长，影响因素多，传统的PID控制难以满足稳定运行的需要．本文采用现代控制理论一模糊控制，根据现场运行人员操作经验建立控制规则，以期实现大型循环流化床无数学模型的微机在线自动控制．     

大型循环流化床锅炉燃烧系统数学模拟

数学模型是研究和发展大型循环流化床锅炉的重要方法.在浙江大学提出的适用于中小型循环流化床锅炉的整体数学模型的基础上,建立了适用于大型循环流化床锅炉的数学模型.模型采用了基于环-核结构的流体动力学模型,并考虑了宽筛分燃料颗粒所经历的破碎、燃烧等过程.模拟了国内一台300MWe循环流化床锅炉,模拟计算结果与锅炉的运行测量值...     

循环流化床多分离器返料系统颗粒分布特性实验研究

多旋风分离器及返料系统是保证循环流化床锅炉高效燃烧的关键设备,是循环流化床大型化研究的关键部件之一。本文采用电容层析成像技术结合压力测量,对多旋风分离器返料系统内部气固两相流场进行实验研究。通过六旋风分离器冷态循环流化床电容层析成像浓度分布和压力测量,揭示循环流化床多分离返料系统颗粒流动分配特性,为循环流化床锅炉大型化,特别是超临界锅炉多旋风分离器的优化布置提供科学依据,基础实验数据库和技术手段,研究内容将电容层析成像技术的应用扩展到工程设计中,对实际工程起到理论指导的作用。     

循环流化床中加入切向二次风后气固多相流动的研究

一、引言 循环流化床以其独特的运行方式受到能源等领域的重视,循环流化床结构也正在不断地改进。和以往的床体结构相比,我们拟在悬浮段中增加了切向二次风,并考虑在床体出口处加添缩口。通常循环流化床锅炉所使用的旋风分离器直径很大,这使循环流化床整个装置的体积和造价都有所增加。上述改进后的实验装置希望通过增加颗粒在炉内停留时间以及减小扬析来达到在循环流化床内分离颗粒的目的,并降低造价同时还能提高     

The trigeneration cycle as a way to create multipurpose stationary power plants based on conversion of aeroderivative turbofan engines

A schematic cycle is considered, and thermodynamic analysis is performed to substantiate the possibility of creating multipurpose industrial power plants, operating on a trigeneration cycle, based on production-type turbofan engines.     

Development of a Compact Tritium Gas Recycling System

JAERI has been developing an improved compact tritium gas enrichment/recycling system for efficient research and development work using tritium. A proton conductor has been investigated and a compact enrichment system was designed with a hydrogen pump employing a proton conductor. The pump can separate hydrogen directly from the helium gas carrier and minimize the size of the system. A prototype hydrogen pump was developed and its performance test was started. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Low frictional property of copper oxide thin films optimised using a combinatorial sputter coating system

A combinatorial sputter coating system has been developed that can optimize the crystal preferred orientation of coating films. With this system, it is possible to synthesize various kinds of coatings whilst precisely controlling conditions such as the sputter gas, the gas pressure, the gas partial pressure, the r.f. power, the substrate temperature, the distance between the substrate and target, etc. In this way, we successfully synthesized copper oxide coatings with different crystal preferred orientations, and low frictional property was obtained by optimizing the crystal preferred orientation.     

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采用迭代法对HL-2A装置1MW中性束系统中的中性化气体靶厚进行了理论计算,并给出了相应的中性化效率,发现仅靠离子源顺流气体形成的气体靶通常不能使中性化效率达到最佳值,因而有必要在中性化器内加入补充送气来提高气体靶厚。采用补充送气系统,在相同的放电参数下中性化效率提升约10%。     

聚偏氟乙烯对高速气流的响应——二级轻气炮分流系统特性的测量

 本文介绍了一种适合于测量高速气流的聚偏氟乙烯（PVF₂）压力传感器，这种传感器适用于测量各种小空间、非平面状样品表面对高速气流的响应。我们还研制了一套能可靠测得聚偏氟乙烯对高速气流响应的触发系统，它具有触发灵敏，使用可靠等优点。利用上述技术已成功地测得了二级轻气炮分流系统的分流效果，研究表明，采用多级分流后能使高速气流对靶的作用减弱90%，并且只需三块分流板即可满足实验要求。     

含乙二醇水合物形成条件理论与实验研究

利用可视化高压流体测试装置在0.78～5.17 MPa压力范围内测定了乙二醇水溶液中合成天然气（甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的混合物）水合物的形成条件。根据vanderWaals-Platteeuw的理想溶液等温吸附理论和Moshfeghian-Maddocd的数学模型,给出了含抑制剂体系气体水合物相平衡计算数学模型。计算结果表明该模型可较好地预测含抑制剂（乙二醇）体系的水合物形成条件。     

Beam purification techniques for low energy rare isotope beams from a gas cell

A linear gas stopping cell has been implemented at the NSCL as part of the Low Energy Beam and Ion Trap (LEBIT) facility. The gas stopping cell is used to convert relativistic ions into low energy ions suitable for use in ion trap experiments. A common undesired property of such systems is the production of beam contaminants through charge exchange of gas impurities with the He⁺ ions produced in the stopping process. These contaminants are of particular concern for Penning trap mass spectrometry, where the simultaneous trapping of ions with different masses can cause unwanted shifts in the measured cyclotron frequency of the desired ions. In order to minimize such effects, a multi-stage beam purification system has been implemented at LEBIT.     

A scheme to observe universal breathing mode and Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition in a two-dimensional photon gas

A system of two-dimensional photon gas has recently been realized experimentally. We show that this setup can be used to observe a universal breathing mode of photon gas and a modification in the experimental setup would open up a possibility of observing the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) phase transition in such a system. Furthermore, the universal jump in the superfluid density of light in the output channel can be used as an unambiguous signature for the experimental verification of the BKT transition.     

基于吸附制冷的微型冷热电联供系统实验研究

设计并建成一套小型燃气内燃机和高效余热吸附制冷机相结合的微型冷热电联供实验系统,对其在不同工况下的运行参数和特性进行实验研究,分析了联供系统的节能经济性。联供系统可以同时提供峰值发电量12kW,峰值制冷量9kW或峰值供热量28kW。结果表明联供系统热电联供节能性优于冷电联供,热电联供一次能源利用率均在70%以上.当天然气价格为1.8元/Nm~3和电价0.61元/kWh时,系统投资回收期低于4年.     

Effects of the reduction of the dimension of a system upon spin ordering in a degenerate electron gas

Collective effects of spin ordering in a quasi-one-dimensional degenerate electron gas are discussed. The total energy of the quasi-one-dimensional system, as well as the exchange contribution per particle, has been calculated by the Hartree-Fock method. It has been shown that spontaneous polarization can be observed in the system when a universal parameter related to the density of the particles satisfies the inequality r _s ≥ 0.476. A comparative analysis of one-, two-, and three-dimensional systems has been performed. A general expression has been obtained for the total energy per particle as a function of the degree of polarization and dimension of the system. According to this expression, the possibility of spontaneous polarization in the system is closely correlated with the dimension of the system.