石棉红花岗石与芝麻白花岗石的光谱的研究

本文用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法，Ｘ射线荧光光谱法、红外光谱以及Ｘ射线衍射谱测定了石棉红花岗石和芝麻白花岗石的成分和光谱、根据石棉红岗石和芝麻白花岗石的Ｘ射线衍射谱，用计算机检索它们的组成，对计算机检索的结果进行对比得出，石棉红花岗石的红色是由于它含有Ｆｅ的红色矿物而产生的。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定花草茶中22种元素

采用粉末压片法制样,应用X射线荧光光谱法对花草茶中N,Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Br,Rb,Sr,Ba,Pb共22种元素进行了分析。讨论了测量条件的选择,对于22种目标元素的分析线,除Ba,Pb采用L线外,其余都选择K_α线,在对Rh靶K_α线的康普顿散射进行测量时,应适当降低管电压,选择合适的管电流。采用经验系数法和3条散射谱线(Rh靶L_α线的瑞利散射、0.1876nm处的散射线、Rh靶K_α线的康普顿散射)作内标进行基体效应校正,并对N,Na,Ca,Ti,Mn,Sr,Ba等部分元素进行了谱线重叠干扰校正。实验结果表明,该方法对N,Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Br,Rb,Sr,Ba,Pb各目标元素的检出限较低,且准确度较好,精密度较高。采用该方法对花草茶中元素的种类和含量信息进行分析发现,花草茶元素组成较为丰富,不同种类花草茶元素种类和含量有差异,且同一种类不同来源花草茶略有差异,但元素组成含量特征大体相似。综上可知,该方法操作简单,能够实现花草茶的低成本、快速、准确、多元素测定。     

切花菊‘四季白'9种营养元素的分布规律初探

采用湿法消解处理5种切花菊‘四季白’的器官,ICP-AES测定P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量,研究切花菊各器官中营养物质的含量.结果表明:切花菊‘四季白’各营养元素的含量呈现K＞Ca＞Mg＞P,Zn＞Mn＞B＞Cu.花蕾中P、K、Zn、B、Cu含量最高;叶中Ca、Mg、Mn含量最高,而盛开时Fe含量最高.实验结果将为切花菊的生产提供理论依据.     

偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱法在土壤环境监测中的应用

以土壤和水系沉积物标准物质为校准样品,采用粉末样品压片制样.建立了偏振能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪测定土壤中As、Ba、Cu、Co、Cd、Cr、Mo、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sr、Ti、V、Zn、Rb、Sc、Bi、Si、Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、Na、K 24种元素的方法.该方法采用Al、CaF2、Fe、Zn、KBr、Al2O3、...     

ICP—AES法测定《百年乐》中多种元素

本实验采用HNO_3-HClO_4湿法消化试样,ICP-AES法测定样品中的P、Sn、Se、Mg、Ca、Na、K、S、Zn、Mn、Si、Fe、Ti、Sr、Ba、Ge等元素。方法简便迅速,回收率92.8-105%,相对标准偏差0.26-3.05%。     

ICP-AES测定切花向日葵的营养元素

湿法消解处理切花向日葵根、茎、叶、花等器官,采用ICP-AES测定P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量,结果显示,K、P、Zn、B在叶中含量最高,Ca、Mg、Mn在茎中含量最高,而Fe、Cu在根中的含量最高;K、Mg在根中含量最低,P、Zn在茎中含量最低,Ca、Fe、B、Cu、Mn在花中含量最低.实验结果将为向日葵切花生产提供理论依据.     

不同红梨品种果实中营养元素含量的光谱测定

用火焰原子吸收光谱法对美人酥、红酥脆和满天红3个红梨品种果实中K,Fe,Zn,Ca,Cu,Mg和Mn七种营养元素含量进行了测定分析。各元素在实验范围内,线性关系良好,回收率在98%～104%之间,结果较为满意。3个红梨品种果实中均含有丰富的营养元素,且含量均是K＞Fe＞Zn＞Ca＞Cu＞Mg＞Mn。不同品种果实中,K,Zn,Mg和Mn含量为美人酥＞红酥脆＞满天红;Fe和Cu含量为红酥脆＞满天红＞美人酥;Ca含量为满天红＞红酥脆＞美人酥;七种营养元素总量为红酥脆＞美人酥＞满天红。     

ICP-AES测定水稻不同部位12种元素的含量

将水稻植株的稻米、谷壳、根、茎叶4个部位进行预处理,湿法消解后,用ICP-AES测定各部位Cu、Zn、Ni、Al、Fe、Mn、P、Ca、Mg、K、Na、B 12种元素的含量.结果表明:谷壳中Cu、Zn、Ni、P、Ca、Mg、K、B的含量高于水稻植株其他部位含量; Al、Fe主要集中在水稻根部.各元素的检出限为0.001...     

ICP-OES测定奶花芸豆中的微量元素

采用ICP-OES同时测定奶花芸豆样品中的Al、Ba、Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Sr、Zn、K、P 13种微量元素,结果表明,奶花芸豆中富含K、Mg、Ca、P.检测结果精密度与准确度良好,加标回收率在92.0％-106％之间,相对标准偏差均在5％以内.该法能够用于奶花芸豆中微量元素的快速、准确测定.     

应用ICP-MS测定双低与双高油菜籽的矿质元素含量

油菜籽中含有丰富的人体及动物必需的矿质元素,但有关不同品种油菜籽矿质元素含量差异的研究较少。选取我国长江流域冬油菜主产区正在种植的33个双低品种和12个传统双高品种,借助ICP-MS对比分析了两类甘蓝型油菜籽的矿质元素含量。检测结果表明,油菜籽中富含P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Fe,Mn等矿质元素,不同品种油菜籽矿质元素含量有一定差别。双低油菜籽中P,K,Ca,Mg和S的平均含量分别为6.26,10.17,6.75,4.82和4.52 mg·g-1,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn和B含量为96.20,37.10,3.84,41.61和12.16 μg·g-1;双高油菜籽中P,K,Ca,Mg,S和微量元素Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B的平均含量分别为5.97,10.14,6.31,4.50,9.06 mg·g-1和77.03,49.86,3.72,40.58,11.79 μg ·g-1。在测定的10种元素中双低品种有八种(P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn和B)高于双高品种,其中Ca,Mg和Fe含量的差异达到显著水平。油菜籽在矿质元素含量上的差异可作为推广应用双低品种的必要因素之一。     

X射线荧光光谱压片法测定六种花瓣粉末的成分

利用X射线荧光光谱法对白玫瑰花、红玫瑰花,白康乃馨、红康乃馨,白蝴蝶兰、红蝴蝶兰3个品种6个粉末样品中元素的种类和含量进行测定,并就每组样品的测定结果进行分析比对。结果表明,3个品种的花瓣粉末中均未检测出有毒元素的存在,且花瓣粉末中元素含量丰富;除含有常量元素外,还含有如Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni,Si,Sr,Rb等多种微量元素,但3个品种的微量元素的种类及含量有所差异;同一品种的花瓣粉末中元素的种类大致相同,而元素含量却各有差异,白色比红色中元素含量高。     

Radioactivity measurement in the granites of North Karnataka, India and its radiological implications

The natural radioactivities due to uranium, thorium and potassium in granite samples contribute to the radiation dose received by human beings significantly. It is essential to evaluate the activity levels of these nuclides for the assessment of natural radiation dose. The natural radioactivity levels of some granite samples collected from different quarries of North Karnataka, India are estimated using high-resolution gamma ray spectrometry technique and the results are reported in this paper.     

Raman classification of glass beads excavated on Mapungubwe hill and K2, two archaeological sites in South Africa

About 200 coloured glass beads (red, yellow, green, blue, white, black, pink, plum) excavated on Mapungubwe hill and at K2, archaeological sites in the Limpopo valley South Africa, were studied with Raman scattering. This is also the most southern site in Africa where evidence for glass reworking has been found. The glass matrix of the beads was classified according to its Raman signature into three main subgroups and corroded glass could also be identified. At least seven different chromophores or pigments (lazurite, lead tin yellow type II, Ca/Pb arsenate, chromate, calcium antimonate, Fe–S ‘amber’ and a spinel) were identified. Many of the pigments were manufactured after the 13th century, confirming the presence of modern beads in the archaeological record. This calls for further research to find a way to reconcile the carbon dating of the hill, which currently gives the last occupation date on the hill as 1290 AD with the physical evidence of the modern beads excavated on the hill. The results are discussed in terms of the glass production origin of the beads (Europe, Mediterranean area, India, China). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

清代红绿彩瓷器无损分析研究

红绿彩瓷器是我国陶瓷史上一种重要的釉上彩瓷器,分析其彩料的化学组成和物相结构对其烧制工艺的研究有很重要的意义.但由于瓷器表面的不平整和彩料分布的不均匀性,导致其不满足传统的1 mm×10 m m线光源的X射线衍射仪对样品的测试要求.而毛细管聚焦的X射线衍射仪采用点光源的方式照射样品,毛细管X光透镜对Cu-Kα 的能量有...     

同步-异步二维中红外相关谱检测掺假芝麻油

将同步-异步二维中红外相关谱和多维偏最小二乘判别法相结合定性分析掺假芝麻油。分别配置40个纯芝麻油和含有玉米油不同体积分数(3%~60%)的掺假芝麻油样品40个。室温下,分别采集所有样品的常规一维中红外光谱(650~4 000cm-1)。在研究纯芝麻油和掺假芝麻油的一维中红外光谱的基础上,以芝麻油中掺假的玉米油浓度为外扰,进行相关计算,得到同步和异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵,并对其进行标准化。分别提取标准化的同步和异步二维中红外相关谱主对角线上部分和下部分元素进行融合,得到同步-异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵。在此基础上,分别基于同步-异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵、同步二维中红外相关谱矩阵和异步二维中红外相关谱矩阵建立了三个定性分析掺假芝麻油的多维偏最小二乘判别模型对预测集未知样品进行预测,其识别正确率分别为100%,96.2%和96.2%。结果表明:相对于同步和异步二维中红外相关谱,同步-异步二维中红外相关谱不仅包含了完整的掺假油特征信息,而且剔除了冗余信息,因此能取得更好的判别结果。     

8种海藻中7种金属元素含量的测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了谷粒马尾藻、鼠尾藻、海青菜、匍枝马尾藻、裙带菜、大叶藻、矶石鸡冠藻（红、白）这8种藻类植物中钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、钾7种元素的含量。结果表明,这些海藻中含有较丰富的钙、镁、铁、钾元素,而铜、锰、锌元素含量相对较少。钙元素的含量最为丰富,铜的含量最少。该方法的加标回收率在95.7%—101.1%之间,RSD值在0.054%—1.764%之间,具有较好的准确度和精密度。本实验结果为这些藻类植物的食用,药用以及饲养价值提供了依据。     

Raman identification of natural red to yellow pigments: ochre and iron‐containing ores

Red and yellow natural (roasted) pigments have been used for millennia. This paper reports on the Raman characterization of about 50 pigments of the Ôkhra ‘Mathériauthèque’ collection from different origins: violet, red, orange, apricot, yellow ochre, Umbrian and Siena earths from France (Puisaye, Ardennes, Vaucluse), Italy (Siena, Sardinia, Venice, etc.), Germany, Sweden, Cyprus and India (Madras). Comparison is made with ‘Bengara’ Japanese pigments. Goethite is the chromophore of yellow pigments, and haematite (sometimes with magnetite) that of red ochre and earths. Umbrian pigment (‘Terre d'Ombre’) contains additional manganese oxides. Color shades are related to the content of secondary phases: iron oxides (haematite, goethite, magnetite), quartz, gypsum and anhydrite, calcite, dolomite, alums (jarosites), and to the Fe/M substitution in the haematite structure. The set of secondary phases can be used to confirm a provenance signature (Supplementary Material available). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陶寺遗址陶器彩绘颜料的光谱分析

利用拉曼光谱结合X衍射和红外光谱物相检测方法,对山西襄汾县陶寺遗址出土陶器的表面含量极少的彩绘颜料及其胶结物质的物相结构进行了分析鉴定。结果表明,红色矿物颜料,白色矿物颜料保存都较为完好,未发生显著的变化,分别为朱砂(HgS)和碳酸钙(CaCO₃)无机矿物,此外红外光谱的分析结果表明红色颜料是通过熟石灰(Ca(OH)₂)胶结材料胶结到陶器表面的,碳酸钙的形成应当是熟石灰长期吸收空气中的二氧化碳的结果。这一研究表明显微拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析技术非常适合考古发掘中含量较少的彩绘颜料的科学鉴定,较X衍射的物相鉴定更为简洁明了; 另外朱砂中并未发现石英矿的伴生,这一结果或可表明早在4000年前的陶寺先民已掌握朱砂颜料的合成技术。     

Degradation of reactive brilliant red in aqueous solution by ultrasonic cavitation

Degradation of reactive brilliant red K-BP in aqueous solution by means of ultrasonic cavitation was investigated for a variety of operating conditions. It is found that the degradation of reactive brilliant red K-BP in aqueous solution follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics and the degradation rate is dependent on the initial concentration of reactive brilliant red K-BP, the temperature and acidity of the aqueous medium. The effects of Fe2+, Fenton reagent and NaCl addition on the sonochemical degradation of reactive brilliant red K-BP were also investigated. The results obtained here indicate that the degradation rate of brilliant red K-BP in aqueous solution was substantially accelerated by Fe2+, NaCl or Fenton reagent addition.