由58Fe 和209Bi 熔合后的相关衰变过程得到的109号元素的证据

本文报导了合成109号元素的实验。用能量为4.95,5.05和5.15MeV/u 的~(58)Fe 束轰击~(209)Bi 靶,研究了全熔合产物衰变模式的特性。总辐照剂量为7×10~(17)粒子。所用的实验方法是:用静电场速度过滤器在飞行过程中分离向前方向成峰的反应产物,经过飞行时间装置后注入到位置灵敏固态探测器中,测量其动能,估算出质量、入射的时间和位置。以所有的出射粒子的能量和时间来记录很有限的反应产物发生级联α粒子和(或)自发裂变的继发衰变。在5.15 MeV/u 时的一个特别的衰变过程是:在5ms 和22ms 先分别发射两个α粒子,最后,在13s 后发生自发裂变。第一个α粒子的动能为11.10±0.04MeV。对各种可能的解释进行了详细的分析,例如纯属偶然的信号相关,转移反应产物的衰变和从能量上看允许的余核蒸发等。最后表明质量数为266的109号元素的同位素、即全熔合后的单中子蒸发道、从统计的观点看是最好的指定。本文同时也讨论了合成新元素的前景。     

Precision Mass Measurements of Short-lived Nuclides at the Heavy-ion Storage Ring in Lanzhou

Recent commissioning of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou enabled us to conduct high-precision mass measurements at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou (IMP). In the past few years, mass measurements were performed using the CSRe-based isochronous mass spectrometry employing the fragmentation of the energetic beams of 58Ni, 78Kr, 86Kr, and 112Sn projectiles. Masses of short-lived nuclides on both sides of the stability valley were addressed. Relative mass precision of down to 10−6 ~ 10−7 is routinely achieved. The mass values were used as an input for dedicated nuclear structure and astrophysics studies, providing for instance new insights into the rp-process of nucleosynthesis in X-ray bursts. In this contribution, we briefly review the so far conducted experiments and the main achieved results, as well as outline the plans for future experiments.     

Random-injection-based two-channel chaos with enhanced bandwidth and suppressed time-delay signature by mutually coupled lasers: Proposal and numerical analysis

Simultaneous bandwidth(BW) enhancement and time-delay signature(TDS) suppression of chaotic lasing over a wide range of parameters by mutually coupled semiconductor lasers(MCSLs) with random optical injection are proposed and numerically investigated. The influences of system parameters on TDS suppression(characterized by autocorrelation function(ACF) and permutation entropy(PE) around characteristic time) and chaos BW are investigated. The results show that, with the increasing bias current, the ranges of parameters(detuning and injection strength) for the larger BW(> 20 GHz) are broadened considerably, while the parameter range for optimized TDS(< 0.1) is not shrunk obviously.Under optimized parameters, the system can simultaneously achieve two chaos outputs with enhanced BW(> 20 GHz)and perfect TDS suppression. In addition, the system can generate two-channel high-speed truly physical random number sequences at 200 Gbits/s for each channel.     

Brane world black holes in teleparallel theory equivalent to general relativity and their Killing vectors, energy, momentum and angular momentum

The energy--momentum tensor, which is coordinate-independent, is used to calculate energy, momentum and angular momentum of two different tetrad fields. Although, the two tetrad fields reproduce the same space--time their energies are different. Therefore, a regularized expression of the gravitational energy--momentum tensor of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR), is used to make the energies of the two tetrad fields equal. The definition of the gravitational energy--momentum is used to investigate the energy within the external event horizon. The components of angular momentum associated with these space--times are calculated. In spite of using a static space--time, we get a non-zero component of angular momentum! Therefore, we derive the Killing vectors associated with these space--times using the definition of the Lie derivative of a second rank tensor in the framework of the TEGR to make the picture more clear.     

Quantum fluctuation in excited states of mesoscopic LC circuits at finite temperature

We discuss quantum fluctuation in excited states(named thermo number states) of mesoscopic LC circuits at a finite temperature.By introducing the coherent thermo state into the thermo field dynamics pioneered by Umezawa and using the natural representation of thermo squeezing operator we can concisely derive the fluctuation.The result shows that the noise becomes larger when either temperature or the excitation number increases.     

Pressure effect study on the Ⅰ-Ⅴ property of the GaAs-based resonant tunnelling structure by photoluminescence measurement

This paper discusses the Ⅰ-Ⅴ property of the GaAs-based resonant tunnelling structure(RTS) under external uniaxial pressure by photoluminescence studies.Compressive pressure parallel to the [110] direction,whose value is determined by Hooke's law,is imposed on the sample by a helix micrometer.With the increase of the applied external uniaxial compressive pressure,the blue shift and splitting of the luminescence peaks were observed,which have some influence on the I-V curve of RTS from the point of view of the energy gap,and the splitting became more apparent with applied pressure.Full width at half maximum broadening could also be observed.     

圆周运动公式的圆周图示记忆法

匀速圆周运动是曲线运动章节的教学重点．现行高中及中专教材均以两节的篇幅来讨论这种运动．一节是建立匀速圆周运动的概念,引入描述匀速圆周运动快慢的4个量,即周期(T)、频率(v)、角速度(ω)、线速度(v),并讨论这4个量的关系．另一节则从受力的角度讨论圆周运动的向心力及向心加速度．共涉及6个量．由于这6个量之间彼此存在一定的关系,这就使圆周运动具有较多的公式．如果学生能熟练掌握这些公式以及它们之间相互关系的规律,解题就能     

An ab initio investigation of the low-lying electronic states of BeH

Potential energy curves(PECs) for the ground state(X 2 Σ +) and the four excited electronic states(A 2 Π,B 2 Π,C 2 Σ +,4 Π) of a BeH molecule are calculated using the multi-configuration reference single and double excited configuration interaction(MRCI) approach in combination with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets.The calculation covers the internuclear distance ranging from 0.07 nm to 0.70 nm,and the equilibrium bond length R e and the vertical excited energy T e are determined directly.It is evident that the X2Σ+,A2Π,B2Π,C2Σ+ states are bound and 4Π is a repulsive excited state.With the potentials,all of the vibrational levels and inertial rotation constants are predicted when the rotational quantum number J is set to be equal to zero(J = 0) by numerically solving the radial Schr¨odinger equation of nuclear motion.Then the spectroscopic data are obtained including the rotation coupling constant ω e,the anharmonic constant ωexe,the equilibrium rotation constant Be,and the vibration-rotation coupling constant αe.These values are compared with the theoretical and experimental results currently available,showing that they are in agreement with each other.     

Function projective synchronization between fractional-order chaotic systems and integer-order chaotic systems

This paper investigates the function projective synchronization between fractional-order chaotic systems and integer-order chaotic systems using the stability theory of fractional-order systems. The function projective synchronization between three-dimensional (3D) integer-order Lorenz chaotic system and 3D fractional-order Chen chaotic system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Theoretical investigation of band-gap and mode characteristics of anti-resonance guiding photonic crystal fibres

With the full-vector plane-wave method (FVPWM) and the full-vector beam propagation method (FVBPM),the dependences of the band-gap and mode characteristics on material index and cladding structure parameter in antiresonance guiding photonic crystal fibres (ARGPCFs) are sufficiently analysed.An ARGPCF operating in the nearinfrared wavelength is shown.The influences of the high index cylinders,glass interstitial apexes and silica structure on the characteristics of band-gaps and modes are deeply investigated.The equivalent planar waveguide theory is used for analysing such an ARGPCF filled by the isotropic materials,and the resonance and the anti-resonance characteristics can be well predicted.     

激光在雾中传输的衰减研究

根据雾滴的尺寸分布模型及辐射雾和平流雾含水量与能见度的经验关系,运用Mie理论及其Van de Hulst近似计算了衰减效率因子, 并结合Deirmendjian对其进行修正,详细分析了激光在雾中的衰减计算公式。 在考虑前向散射时进一步结合Adarsh Deepak和O.H.Vanghan提出的前向修正系数, 得出前向散射修正后的衰减公式, 分析了雾的前向散射对激光传输的影响。 最后将修正后的衰减与常用经验衰减模式相比较, 表明前向散射修正后雾对激光的衰减更加接近实际工程应用。     

Millimeter-Wave Attenuation Due to Fog and Clouds

The parameters of gamma drop size distribution model of fog and clouds are derived based on the liquid water content and optical visibility, the attenuation are calculated and discussed with this model and empirical relations of the liquid water content and the visibility or other parameters of fog and clouds. A new empirical formula to estimate fog and clouds attenuation is presented based on the Reyleigh absorption approximation, which is more accurate in general and can be used in wider frequency and temperature range than other empirical formulas.     

雾滴粒子群的偏振特性研究

根据Mie散射理论,基于一次实测资料拟合得出雾滴谱分布,计算了雾滴粒子群的散射相函数矩阵,揭示了不同波长的雾滴粒子群对入射激光的散射偏振特征。结果表明：激光散射强度随散射角的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且波长越小散射光强分布越集中;波长越大,偏振度随散射角分布越平滑,反之分布震动则越剧烈;各波段偏振度随散射角增大的分布趋势大致相同,关键散射角随波长的减小向增大的方向偏移。     

雾滴粒子群的偏振特性研究

根据Mie散射理论,基于一次实测资料拟合得出雾滴谱分布,计算了雾滴粒子群的散射相函数矩阵,揭示了不同波长的雾滴粒子群对入射激光的散射偏振特征。结果表明:激光散射强度随散射角的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且波长越小散射光强分布越集中;波长越大,偏振度随散射角分布越平滑,反之分布震动则越剧烈;各波段偏振度随散射角增大的分布趋势大致相同,关键散射角随波长的减小向增大的方向偏移。     

近距离雾的激光多次散射模拟

为了满足精确快速获取雾的多次散射仿真需求,在近程雷达距离较近情况下,将雷达方程和Mie散射理论相结合,提出一种快速有效的激光多次散射计算方法.首先通过雾滴谱模型建立雾颗粒的几何模型,然后根据Mie散射理论获得的单个粒子的散射函数计算激光在雾模型中单个颗粒的一次散射和二次散射功率密度,结合雷达方程推导出雾的多次等效散射截面和散射系数计算函数.模拟计算表明:雾的激光二次等效散射截面与雾浓度的2/3次方成正比,二次散射系数随能见度增加的衰减比一次散射系数快.     

Brightness Perception of Light Source Colors in Dense Fog

The characteristics of our color vision are affected by various visual environments. In this experiment, we examined how colored lights look in dense fog. We used 12 kinds of colored light as a test stimulus. At first, in the absence of fog, subjects matched brightness of all the test stimuli with a reference white light adjusted to 0.1 cd/m² or 0.5 cd/m² in luminance, respectively. They then evaluated the apparent brightness of the test stimuli in dense fog with magnitude estimation of 10 grades. In the presence of fog, test stimuli containing a yellow component were given the highest point value of brightness, while test stimuli containing a blue component were given the lowest point value of brightness in fog. We are confident that in a visual environment involving fog, these results will be extremely helpful and practical.     

利用目标和大气偏振信息的雾天图像重构方法

结合目标偏振信息和大气偏振信息的差异, 提出了一种利用目标和大气偏振信息的雾天图像重构方法。首先, 从光强图像中分离大气光图像和目标光图像, 分别解析大气光偏振信息和目标光偏振信息, 构建偏振去雾模型。然后, 采用融合图像梯度信息的高斯滤波方法估算大气光强和目标光强, 并分别计算大气光偏振度和目标光偏振度。采用3σ法则阈值分割方法, 在大气光图像空间内估算无穷远处大气光强。最后, 重构出目标图像。在不同天气环境下开展外场实验, 结果表明, 该方法在雾霾、雨、雪天气下能够较好地恢复出目标信息, 重构后图像的信息熵提升约40%, 灰度标准差提升了约90%, 平均梯度和边缘强度提高了3倍。     

辐射雾对激光吸收特性的研究

为了得到辐射雾对激光的吸收特性,本文根据Maxwell-Garnett公式计算了高频条件下辐射雾中等效介电常数,然后由等效介电常数得到激光在雾中的吸收率,最后通过MATLAB平台进行数值模拟得出了直观的结果。结果表明,辐射雾对激光的吸收率与辐射雾中等效介电常数的虚部有关,且与其虚部成正比关系;辐射雾对激光的吸收率与辐射雾的可见度成正比;随着频率的增加,辐射雾对激光的吸收率迅速增大,在5THz时达到最大值,随后逐渐减小,最后趋于一个稳定值。     

海雾的遥感光学辐射特性

为实现海雾的卫星自动监测,利用大量AVHRR3/NOAA17卫星观测数据,比较不同目标物(海雾区、不同云系及晴空下垫面)在可见光、近红外波段的反射辐射特性差异,统计分析了海雾的遥感光学辐射特性.结果表明,海雾区三通道反射率满足RCh1RCh3a>RCb2,甚至出现RCh3a>RCh1>RCh2不同于其它目标物(RCh1>RCh2>RCh3a.运用Streamer辐射传输模式模拟了海雾、不同云系在卫星高度处的三通道反射率特性,从理论上进一步验证了海雾所具有的光学辐射特性,同时指出,Ch3a的反射率对粒子粒径的响应明显,即粒子粒径越小,Ch3a的反射率越高.通过米氏散射理论对这一现象进行原因分析.