可调频高功率宽谱微波的产生和辐射

 设计了一种可调谐频率的高功率宽谱微波辐射装置,装置由可调谐长度的1/4波长低阻同轴谐振器、环形开关、电容耦合器和宽谱辐射天线组成,中心频率调谐为200～400 MHz。低阻传输线与环形开关构成1/4波长短路谐振器,它产生的宽谱微波振荡通过耦合器耦合到宽谱辐射天线上辐射,而耦合器由集中电容与分布电感组成,实现宽谱微波在频率调谐范围内以较为一致的耦合度提取微波能量。通过转动螺杆滑动安装在同轴谐振器内芯上的环形开关,达到改变谐振频率的目的。最后,将可调频宽谱辐射装置与输出电压为500 kV的Tesla变压器脉冲功率源联试,得到200～400 MHz宽谱微波辐射,辐射因子为95～130 kV,频谱百分比带宽为10%～30%。     

高功率宽谱开关振荡器

采用1/4波长开关同轴谐振器技术路线,开展了高功率宽谱微波产生及耦合输出技术研究。设计振荡器工作在200 MHz,低阻抗1/4波长同轴传输线与传输线一端的环形多通道气体火花开关构成谐振器,耦合器由集中电容和分布电感构成,实现宽谱微波的能量提取。通过数值模拟研究了振荡器的振荡及耦合输出过程,分析了高压脉冲馈入方式、谐振器阻抗特性及开关齿槽结构对环形开关导通特性的影响。数值模拟和实验结果证明,采用直馈方式、高阻结构和齿槽结构有利于形成开关多通道导通,并提高开关导通的稳定性。在输出电压为500 kV的Marx脉冲功率源平台上构建了高功率宽谱微波产生实验装置,实验得到的宽谱微波振荡频率为195 MHz,辐射因子约150 kV,频谱带宽约30%。     

VHF波段变容管调谐式超导陷波器

设计制作了一款VHF波段变容管调谐式超导陷波器,该陷波器采用一种结构紧凑的电容加载的矩形回路谐振器,谐振器与主线之间的耦合形式为混合耦合。通过调节加载在谐振器上变容二极管的反偏电压,实现带阻滤波器中心频率可调。测试表明,陷波器中心频率可调范围为251~360MHz,陷波器中心频点抑制40dB,3dB带宽9dB,插入损耗0.5dB。     

紧凑型宽谱高功率微波辐射器仿真设计

为了提高宽谱高功率微波辐射源的辐射因子,提出采用双路同步输出的宽谱谐振器驱动2×2宽带高功率贴片天线阵的技术思路。设计了一种双路同步输出的宽谱高功率脉冲谐振器,由两个同轴谐振腔尾尾相连,并共用一个环形对地开关,实现两路宽谱脉冲的同步产生与输出,通过对"T"形充电结构进行优化,使输出宽谱脉冲幅值达到充电电压的0.89倍。2×2宽带高功率单层贴片天线阵采用气体基底和单层贴片结构以降低重量,单层贴片设计为E形以拓展工作带宽,通过对天线阵几何参数进行全局优化,优化后的天线阵百分比带宽为47%(驻波比VSWR小于2),中心频率300 MHz的增益为11.8dB。对天线阵工作过程中的电场强度分析表明,在天线罩内填充105 Pa的SF6气体时,理论功率容量可达到7.4GW。对整个辐射系统的电性能进行了仿真分析,系统的理论辐射因子可达谐振器充电电压的2.8倍。     

宽温度范围SAW应变传感器温度与应变解耦研究*

针对宽温度范围应变测量的温度干扰问题,提出并研究了基于双谐振器的声表面波应变传感器。理论上,结合微扰理论、有限元方法、有效介电常数法分析出双谐振器频率与应变、温度的关系公式,进而推导出应变与温度关于这两组谐振器频率变化的表达式。实验上,搭建宽温度范围的实验平台,在Y+34?切向的石英基片上制作该传感器芯片,测得传感器芯片在30?C～180?C下的频率响应,将测得的谐振器频率代入表达式计算得到温度与应变值,与实验中参考温度与应变的值基本吻合。     

基于单面金属结构的二维宽带左手材料

利用将磁谐振器与共面短金属导线相结合的思想,设计了一种基于单面金属结构的二维左手材料. 理论分析与仿真结果均表明该结构在某一频段同时具有负等效磁导率和负等效介电常数,并且相对左手带宽达到36%. 此外,该结构具有良好的容错能力,短金属导线宽度的变化对整体结构的谐振频率及通带宽度影响很小,这不仅有利于实际加工而且对于设计红外及太赫兹频率范围下的左手材料具有参考价值. 关键词： 左手材料 磁谐振器 宽频带 容错性     

宽阻带抑制的高温超导带通滤波器设计

提出了一种新型加载插指电容的U型阶跃阻抗谐振器,该谐振器可用于实现高温超导带通滤波器的宽阻带抑制。利用所提出的新型谐振器结构,设计并制作了一个4节切比雪夫型高温超导带通滤波器。滤波器中心频率为1026 MHz,带宽12.6 MHz,第一谐频频率5121 MHz,第一谐频与基频的比值为4.92,阻带抑制度优于60 dB。     

新型的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器

本文报导了一种新型结构的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器.我们通过改变谐振器梳齿的长度,使谐振器的谐振频率可以从800MHz到1300MHz左右,这正是我们研制的Hi-Tc rf SQUID所需要的两个频段.我们对这种新型谐振器的谐振频率与几何尺寸的关系进行了数值拟合.测试了使用该种新型谐振器的Hi-Tc rf SQUID的噪声.     

一种高选择性的可调0.83~2.15 GHz带通滤波器

设计了一种宽频率调节范围的高选择性可调带通滤波器。宽调节范围由一对简单的加载变容管的平行耦合线谐振器设计实现。由于谐振器之间存在电磁混合耦合以及通过加载变容管引入的源与负载频变耦合,该滤波器最终引入了三个自适应性传输零点。而且,三个传输零点在整个调节范围内能够保持相同的相对位置,因此,设计的滤波器实现了在整个宽频率调节范围内的高选择性和良好的带外抑制。同时,在中心频率调节的过程中,通过选择合适的耦合系数,该滤波器可以实现恒定的相对带宽。最终设计出的可调滤波器的调节范围为0.83~2.15 GHz, 可调范围可达88.6%,并保持9%±0.3%的相对带宽不变。测试结果表明该滤波器具备了高选择性和良好的带外抑制能力。     

一种紧凑型高功率宽带微波源

 设计了一种高功率宽带微波辐射装置,谐振器采用传输线型谐振器,其中,天线采用单锥喇叭。整个宽带微波产生装置具有结构紧凑、谐振频率较低的特点。用时域有限差分对该装置进行了数值模拟,模拟结果为：辐射场中心频率272 MHz,带宽13.5%。装置与高压脉冲源联试,开关内充电电压为71 kV时,辐射场中心频率为197 MHz,辐射场带宽达到24%,峰值辐射因子为28.3 kV。     

Femtosecond Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript> fiber laser for application in an optical clock

The main elements needed for the realization of a compact femtosecond methane optical clock are developed and studied. A femtosecond laser system on an Er³⁺ fiber (λ = 1.55 μm) contains an oscillator, an amplifier, and a fiber with a relatively high nonlinearity in which the supercontinuum radiation is generated in the range 1–2 μm. In the supercontinuum spectrum, the fragments separated by an interval that is close to the methane-optical reference frequency (λ = 3.39 μm) exhibit an increase in intensity. The supercontinuum radiation is converted into the difference frequency in a nonlinear crystal to the range of the methane-reference frequency (λ = 3.3–3.5 μm), so that the frequency components of the transformed spectrum have sufficient intensities for the subsequent frequency-phase stabilization with respect to the methane reference. A system that stabilizes the pulse repetition rate of the femtosecond Er³⁺ laser is also employed. Thus, the repetition rate of the ultrashort pulses of the femtosecond fiber laser is locked to the methane reference. The pulse repetition rate is compared with the standard second. Thus, the scheme of an optical clock is realized.     

Controlling the Radiation Parameters of a Resonant Medium Excited by a Sequence of Ultrashort Superluminal Pulses

We investigate the possibility of controlling the radiation parameters of a spatially periodic one-dimensional medium consisting of classical harmonic oscillators by means of a sequence of ultrashort pulses that propagate through the medium with a superluminal velocity. We show that, in the spectrum of the transient process, in addition to the radiation at a resonant frequency of oscillators, new frequencies arise that depend on the period of the spatial distribution of the oscillator density, the excitation velocity, and the angle of observation. We have examined in detail the case of excitation of the medium by a periodic sequence of ultrashort pulses that travel with a superluminal velocity. We show that it is possible to excite oscillations of complex shapes and to control the radiation parameters of the resonant medium by changing the relationship between the pulse repetition rate, the medium resonant frequency, and the new frequency.     

Tunable source of terahertz radiation based on the difference-frequency generation in a GaP crystal

A tunable source of terahertz (1–4 THz) radiation with a line width of 12 GHz is created on the basis of difference- frequency generation in a GaP crystal. Radiation of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a tunable optical parametric oscillator is used as the pump. The radiation is generated in 10-ns-duration pulses with a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. The pulsed radiation power is about 15 mW.     

Quantum correlations of pulses of optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped above threshold

The quantum analysis of radiation from a degenerate optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped above its oscillation threshold is presented. It is shown that pulses of signal and pump fields at the output of the oscillator have the following properties: quantum fluctuations of the fields are independent in each individual pulse, but correlated in pulses of the pulse train with a temporal step multiple of the pulse period. The number of essentially correlated pulses is on the order of the oscillator cavity finesse. Cross-correlations between the pump and signal pulses are established above the oscillation threshold. These correlations lead to a significant quantum effect in the integral characteristics of the fields. A theoretical analysis revealed that the spectrum of field fluctuations measured using a balanced homodyne detection technique of phase quadratures of the fields with a pulsed local oscillator reveals quantum noise suppression in the vicinity of frequencies that are multiples of the pulse repetition rate.     

Femtosecond oscillator on Yb:KYW crystal pumped by laser diode with fiber output

A femtosecond laser based on an Yb:KYW crystal with direct longitudinal pumping by a high-power semiconductor injection laser with a fiber output is described. Femtosecond pulses were generated in the self-longitudinal-mode-locking operating condition due to the use of a semiconductor saturable absorber. The average power of the oscillator was as high as 3.5 W at a central wavelength of 1035 nm, the pulse length and pulse repetition rate being 200 fs and 85.5 MHz, respectively. The product of the pulse length and the radiation spectrum width was 1.3 times higher than the theoretical limit for the pulse shape described by the function sech². The designed master oscillator can be also used as a stand-alone source of femtosecond radiation pulses for material microprocessing and primary source for femtosecond laser amplification systems.     

Variation in the radiation frequency of a plasma relativistic microwave oscillator within its nanosecond pulse

The radiation spectrum of a plasma relativistic microwave oscillator with a pulse power of 50 MW operating in the 10-GHz frequency range is studied experimentally. During a 60-ns-long microwave pulse, the radiation frequency may both remain constant and change by more than 1.5 GHz. The pressure of a gas that ionizes in the microwave field has a significant effect on the radiation frequency and thereby changes the concentration of a pregenerated plasma.     

新型宽谱电磁脉冲试验系统

 研制了一套新型宽谱电磁脉冲试验系统,该系统采用全电感隔离型重复频率Marx发生器产生高压冲击脉冲,经双极脉冲形成线馈入宽带天线进行宽谱辐射。介绍了发生器工作原理和双极脉冲形成原理。实验结果表明：发生器输出脉冲电压500 kV,脉冲前沿20 ns,重复频率20 Hz,宽谱辐射因子195 kV,辐射中心频率200 MHz,频谱宽度37%。该试验系统结构紧凑、操作灵活,并具有方位辐射方向360°旋转和运程控制等功能。     

Determination of γ-factor of charged particles bunches by measuring their quasicoherent radiation in a waveguide

The radiation of a bunched beam of charged particles crossing the rectangular waveguide perpendicularly to its axis is considered. The emission spectrum is analyzed and it is shown that sharp peaks of quasicoherent radiation arise at the frequency of repetition of bunches and at its harmonics. It is shown that by measuring the center frequency of these peaks it is possible to determine the energy of charged particles in the bunches.     

超快太赫兹时域光谱系统

超快太赫兹时域光谱系统是基于高速异步光学采样原理进行工作的,该系统使用2个重复频率可在1 GHz附近变化的飞秒振荡器,并使用高带宽反馈电路控制其重复频率。2个飞秒振荡器的重复频率存在Δf的失谐,一个飞秒振荡器的重复频率是1 GHz+Δf Hz,为泵浦脉冲;另一个飞秒振荡器的重复频率是1 GHz,为探测脉冲,由此提供泵浦脉冲和探针脉冲的时间差,时间延迟呈周期性变化,其扫描周期可以由1/Δf给出。此系统摒弃了传统THz-TDS系统所必需的机械延迟线,采用双光子探测器来产生触发信号。当设定Δf=1 kHz时,1 ms就可以探测出1个THz谱, 用时10.3 s即可得到动态范围为21 dB、频谱分辨率为5 GHz的太赫兹信号。该系统具有检测速度快和频谱分辨率高的优点,在需要快速测量的应用环境中有着传统太赫兹时域光谱系统不可比拟的优势。