集成原子光学及其原子芯片

随着原子激光冷却、囚禁与操控技术以及微米、纳米微电子制作技术的快速发展与不断完善,一个新兴的原子光学分支学科一“集成原子光学及其原子芯片”正在形成。本文重点介绍了集成原子光学及其原子芯片的集成方案、实验结果及其最新进展：包括表面微结构原子光学元器件、微磁结构集成原子光学、微光结构集成原子光学和微磁光结构集成原子光学及其原子芯片的设计方案与微制作技术及其最新实验结果。最后,简单总结了原子芯片的设计原则,讨论了芯片设计与研制中尚待解决的问题,并就集成原子光学的潜在应用及其未来发展作一简单展望。     

集成原子光学及其原子芯片

随着原子激光冷却、囚禁与操控技术以及微米、纳米微电子制作技术的快速发展与不断完善,一个新兴的原子光学分支学科—“集成原子光学及其原子芯片”正在形成。本文重点介绍了集成原子光学及其原子芯片的集成方案、实验结果及其最新进展:包括表面微结构原子光学元器件、微磁结构集成原子光学、微光结构集成原子光学和微磁光结构集成原子光学及其原子芯片的设计方案与微制作技术及其最新实验结果。最后,简单总结了原子芯片的设计原则,讨论了芯片设计与研制中尚待解决的问题,并就集成原子光学的潜在应用及其未来发展作一简单展望。     

原子漏斗及其应用

文章简单介绍了磁、光原子漏斗的基本原理，详细综述了各种原子漏斗方案及其实验结果．这些漏斗方案主要包括采用红失谐高斯光束、蓝失谐消逝波光场和空心光束串联而成的光学原子漏斗，采用载流导线的静磁原子漏斗以及采用磁光凝胶构成的磁光原子漏斗．文章最后还简单介绍了原子漏斗在原子光学领域中的潜在应用．     

原子光学讲座第一讲几何与波动原子光学及其器件

文章首先简单介绍了冷原子操纵与控制的基本原理。然后，重点介绍了几何与波动原子光学及其器件的研究内容、潜在应用和最新进展，其中包括：原子束的反射和原子反射镜；原子束偏转（折射）、聚焦成像和原子透镜；原子衍射和原子光栅；原子干涉和原子干涉仪；原子全息学及其技术等。     

铯原子双磁光阱中冷原子的输运：从推载到导引

在超高真空环境下实现中性原子的激光冷却与俘获，可以有效地避免背景气体对冷原子的碰撞所造成的影响，已成为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、冷原子光学腔量子电动力学、中性原子玻色-费米混合气体等实验研究的出发点。结合气室磁光阱和超高真空磁光阱的所谓双磁光阱，以其真空系统相对简单、参数易于控制、效率高等优点，得到了很大发展。双磁光阱既能在气室磁光阱部分从处于室温的原子背景中快速冷却和俘获原子，然后将其通过一定途径输运到超高真空磁光阱中，又能达到在压力极低的超高真空环境下制备冷原子的目的。     

三维光学晶格中铯原子的装载与冷却

建立了四光束的三维光学晶格势场,在铯原子磁光阱和光学粘团的基础上实现了红失谐三维光学晶格中冷原子的装载.借助于短程飞行时间吸收谱测量冷原子温度,通过改变光学晶格的总光强和频率失谐等条件,对光学晶格中铯原子的亚多普勒冷却以及光学晶格中冷原子的寿命进行了研究. 关键词： 光学晶格 磁光阱 光学粘团 冷原子     

激光汇聚Cr原子沉积的原子光学特性研究

利用激光汇聚原子沉积技术,实验上获得了一维Cr层光栅结构.经原子力显微镜测试,其周期常数为（212.8±0.2） nm,约等于激光驻波场波长的一半.根据半经典理论模型,采用Adams-Bashforth-Moulton算法进行数值求解,模拟了同等实验参数条件下的Cr原子运动轨迹,并对其原子光学特性进行分析.结果表明,模拟分析与实验结果符合得较好. 关键词： 原子光学 激光汇聚原子沉积 原子光学特性     

运动双原子与腔场作用模型中原子布居的演化

为了找出原子运动对原子布居演化的影响,通过建立两原子在一光学谐振腔中运动的模型,用量子力学分析原子具有不同速度时两原子布居数演化.研究结果表明,当光学腔中光场处于相干态,而原子处于运动中时,两原子的能级布居演化与光学腔场模结构相关联.假如初始时刻原子的位置固定在腔中某一位置,两原子的布居演化在少光子数呈现出周期性,多光...     

近共振三维光学晶格中铯原子温度的参数依赖

介绍了四光束三维近共振光学晶格的方案,在铯原子磁光阱和光学粘团的基础上搭建了近共振光学晶格的光路,实现了光学晶格中冷原子的装载.利用短程飞行时间吸收法测量了近共振光学晶格中冷原子的温度,通过改变晶格的光强和失谐等条件,对近共振光学晶格中铯原子的亚多普勒冷却的参数依赖关系作了实验研究,并与光学粘团作了比较.     

用于原子干涉仪实验的锂原子的塞曼减速与磁光囚禁

为了制备适于原子干涉仪实验的低温锂原子样品,开展了锂原子的塞曼减速及与磁光阱囚禁相关的实验研究.设计并实现了一种结构紧凑的腔体内冷式多级线圈叠加的塞曼减速器,将速度小于600 m/s的7Li原子减速到60 m/s,磁光阱装载速率为5×108/s,囚禁原子数目1×109个,原子团的最低温度约为220±30μK.研究了光学黏胶中7Li原子的寿命与囚禁光频率失谐量的关系.这些结果为进一步开展7Li原子亚多普勒冷却、光势阱蒸发冷却以及原子干涉仪实验奠定了基础.     

Optimal profile for a Gaussian standing-wave atom-optical lens

We have used a Gaussian standing-wave atom-optical lens to focus a thermal atomic beam. We examine the effect of variations in the intensity profile along the direction of the atomic beam on the performance of our atom-optical lens. For a constant focal-length atom-optical lens, we find that the resolution and contrast of the standing-wave lens are independent of the intensity profile.     

Entanglement generation and protection for two atoms in the presence of two parallel mirrors

We study, in the framework of open quantum systems, the entanglement generation of two atoms in between two parallel mirrors in a thermal bath of quantum scalar fields. We find that the presence of mirrors plays an important role in entanglement generation and protection. The entanglement dynamics is crucially dependent on the geometric configurations of the two-atom system with respect to the mirrors, and the ranges of temperature and interatomic separation within which entanglement can be generated are significantly changed compared with those in a free space. In particular, when the atomic transition wavelength is larger than twice the distance between the two mirrors, the atoms behave as if they were isolated from the environment and the entanglement can persist in the steady state if the atoms are initially entangled and no entanglement can be created if they are initially separable, no matter how the atoms are placed with respect to the mirrors and to each other. This is in sharp contrast to the fact that in a free space, steady-state entanglement is possible only when the two atoms are placed extremely close to each other, while in the presence of one mirror, it is possible when the two atoms placed extremely close to the mirror.     

Spectral structure of 510.6 and 578.2 nm lines in?a?CuBr?vapor?laser

Considering the hyperfine structure and the isotopic splitting of copper active atomic levels, the temporal behavior of the spectral structure of amplified spontaneous emission at 510.6 nm line was calculated. The spectral line shapes of 510.6 and 578.2 nm laser lines were measured and compared with the calculated results at different experimental configurations, i.e., without cavity mirrors, with the back mirror, and with cavity mirrors. The results of the 578.2 nm line revealed that the mode competition was involved in the formation of laser oscillation.     

傅里叶变换光谱仪中角反射体特性的研究

本文分析了傅里叶变换光谱仪中用平面反射镜作为动镜时的晃动量问题,然后讨论了用角反射体作为动镜时对角反射体及其晃动量的要求,最后给出角反射体比平面反射镜具有更高分辨率的结论.     

同步辐射中双压电片反射镜的研究现状

反射镜是同步辐射光束线中应用广泛的光学元件之一,双压电片反射镜由于具有结构简单、面形能动以及自适应可调等优点,逐渐引起同步辐射界的重视.本文综述了同步辐射中双压电片反射镜的研究现状.主要讨论了双压电片反射镜的工作原理和研究概况,包括在几个大型同步辐射装置中的结构特点、制备技术及面形校正结果等;简要介绍了双压电片反射镜面形校正时所采用的反射波前探测技术和反馈控制算法;最后总结了其发展中存在的关键问题,并展望了其未来的发展方向.     

Atomic absorbers for controlling pulse propagation in resonators

We consider pulse propagation through a Fabry-Perot cavity with silver mirrors that contain macroscopic samples of resonant absorbers. We show that the pulse velocity can be tuned from subluminal to superluminal in a strongly coupled atom-cavity system. We delineate the effects of the interplay of cavity and absorbers. We demonstrate the saturation effects of pulse advancement with increasing mirror thickness and atomic damping.     

Magnetic guiding of cold neutral atoms using a V-shaped current-carrying conductor

A new scheme to magnetically guide cold, neutral atoms using a V-shaped current-carrying conductor is proposed. The spatial distributions of the magnetic fields, potentials and forces generated by the V-shaped current-carrying conductor are calculated, and the relationship between the magnetic field and the parameters of the V-shaped current-carrying conductor are analyzed in detail. Our study shows that the V-shaped current-carrying conductor proposed here can be used to guide cold atoms in the weak-field-seeking state, and to construct various atom-optical elements, such as atomic funnel, atomic beam-splitter and atom interferometer and so on, and even to realize a single-mode atomic waveguiding under certain conditions. Received 17 November 2000 and Received in final form 26 May 2001     

双变形镜自适应光学系统像差解耦研究

对由大行程变形镜和高空间频率变形镜组成的双变形镜自适应光学系统中的像差解耦原理和限定像差校正算法做了理论分析。认为在高空间频率变形镜的斜率响应矩阵中加入限定像差向量,根据直接斜率法分别计算出两个变形镜的控制电压,可以实现两个变形镜分别对低阶像差和高阶像差的闭环校正。仿真研究了19单元变形镜和61单元变形镜组成的双变形镜自适应光学系统对低阶像差和高阶像差分别校正的情况,结果说明双变形镜自适应光学系统的校正效果与理想行程的单变形镜自适应光学系统的校正效果相当,避免了制作同时具有大行程和高空间频率两个特征的变形镜。     

扫描式超高速摄影中转镜镜面变形量的几何补偿

利用三维有限元计算技术,分析了从三面体到八面体铝合金转镜镜面变形规律.发现以四面体为界,三面体转镜镜面变形为向内凹进,五面体及以上转镜镜面则向外凸出.在对镜面变形定量分析基础上,提出了镜面变形的几何补偿方法,即采用柱面代替平直镜面,使镜面变形后的位置趋近于平直.结果表明,对镜面尺寸17.32 mm,轴向长度32.5 mm的三面体铝合金转镜,在5×104 rpm下,镜面最高点偏离平直镜面的最大值为0.468 μm,是平直镜面的1/9,与相同结构尺寸的铍转镜镜面变形量处于相同量级.说明铝合金转镜采用几何补偿方法,可以在扫描式摄影系统中代替铍转镜.     

Design and fabrication of low-cost X-ray mirrors

Traditional X-ray mirrors made from Zerodur and silicon carbide are quite expensive because of the fabrication cost involved in achieving a very high surface finish of the order of 15 Å or better. The cost of X-ray mirrors can be greatly reduced by using replication methods for producing the grazing-incidence type mirrors. This paper presents the optical and optomechanical design for a Wolter type I mirror and its mount, and the fabrication method used to produce a low-cost replicated nickel mirror. The finite element analysis results for this mirror are also presented. The design and fabrication steps for the aluminium master mandrel used for replication are also discussed. A surface finish of better than 15 Å was achieved for a such an electroformed mirror with a wall thickness of only 1 mm.