中性原子量子计算研究进展

相互作用可控、相干时间较长的中性单原子体系具备在1 mm2的面积上提供成千上万个量子比特的规模化集成的优势,是进行量子模拟、实现量子计算的有力候选者.近几年中性单原子体系在实验上取得了快速的发展,完成了包括50个单原子的确定性装载、二维和三维阵列中单个原子的寻址和操控、量子比特相干时间的延长、基于里德伯态的两比特量子门的实现和原子态的高效读出等,这些工作极大地推动了该体系在量子模拟和量子计算方面的应用.本文综述了该体系在量子计算方面的研究进展,并介绍了我们在其中所做的两个贡献:一是实现了"魔幻强度光阱",克服了光阱中原子退相干的首要因素,将原子相干时间提高了百倍,使得相干时间与比特操作时间的比值高达105;二是利用异核原子共振频率的差异建立了低串扰的异核单原子体系,并利用里德伯阻塞效应首次实现了异核两原子的量子受控非门和量子纠缠,将量子计算的实验研究拓展至异核领域.最后,分析了中性单原子体系在量子模拟和量子计算方面进一步发展面临的挑战与瓶颈.     

用于原子干涉仪的拉曼光的制备

原子干涉仪是利用原子物质波的特性而实现的干涉仪,广泛应用于精密测量领域.在原子干涉仪中,通过拉曼光对原子进行相干操作,拉曼光的质量直接影响着干涉仪的技术指标.基于注入锁定技术,采用普通半导体激光器、声光调制器,实现了功率、频率和位相稳定的拉曼光的制备,并对拉曼光的相位噪声技术指标进行了测试.     

Doppler-free spectroscopy of rubidium atoms driven by a control laser

A scheme of Doppler-free spectroscopy is experimentally demonstrated with a co-propagating control laser locking to an atomic hyperfine transition, and the differential transmission of the probe and the reference laser is detected. Crossover resonances are eliminated by selecting the class of atoms with zero velocity in the direction of beam propagation. In addition, the sub-Doppler spectrum experiences optical gain compared to the conventional saturated-absorption spectrum as a result of optical pumping.     

冷原子的横向推载与探测

中在获得温度低，数目多的冷原子基础上，研究了冷原子传输速度与推的脉冲光各种参数之间的关系。     

Polarization spectra of Rb atoms and their application in laser frequency stabilization

Polarization spectra of rubidium atoms were investigated with different uncrossed angles between the polarizer and the analyzer. The variation of the spectra was derived theoretically as a function of arbitrary angle, and measured experimentally for different angles. The spectral profile of D2 line of rubidium was further used to stabilize the frequency of a diode laser. It was demonstrated that the laser linewidth was reduced to 2 MHz.     

Production and guidance of pulsed atomic beams on chip

We demonstrated two experimental methods of producing and guiding pulsed atomic beams on chip. One is to trap atoms first in a U-type magneto-optical trap on the chip, then transfer them to the magnetic guide field and push them simultaneously by a continuous force from the power imbalance of the magneto-optical trap laser beams hence the pulsed cold atom beams are produced and move along the magnetic guide to the destination. The other is to trap atoms directly by a H-type magneto-optical trap, then push them to make them move along the magnetic guide field, thus high rate cold atom beams can be produced and guided on the chip.     

Chip-Based Square Wave Dynamic Micro Atom Trap

We propose a scheme for a chip-based dynamic micro atom trap where the trap potentials are created by square wave radiation and an inhomogeneoas static magnetic field. The parameters of this kind of trap array can be modulated dynamically. Both one-dimensional （I-D） and two-dimensional （2-D） trap array potentials for 6Li atoms are discussed. The 1-D trap is combined by a square wave radiation （6 kHz） and a gradient magnetic field （300G/cm）, the array constant of 1-D trap is 0.85 μm. Since the trap array does not require any laser field, it can be easily integrated on a chip and it is useful in applications of scalable quantum information processing.     

Rb原子磁光阱中囚禁原子数目与实验参数的依赖关系

研究表明，Rb原子磁光阱中所囚禁的原子数目对囚禁光的光强和失谐量，回泵光的强度以及磁场梯度有很大的依赖关系.用二能级系统模型对囚禁原子数目随囚禁光的光强和失谐量的变化关系进行了预估，理论预测的结果与实验结果定性符合.实验结果也展示了囚禁原子数目随回泵光的强度和磁场梯度的变化关系，要定量解释这些实验结果则需要更复杂的理论模型.通过囚禁原子数目对实验参数依赖关系的研究，得到特定的实验参数，来获得最大数目的冷原子. 关键词： 磁光阱 冷原子     

新试剂3，5－二溴水杨醛苯甲酰腙（DBSBH）与镓配合物的光度法研究

本文用光度法研究了新试剂３，５－二溴水杨醛苯甲酰腙与镓所生成的配合物。选择了最适的萃取条件，用平衡移动法测定了其配合物的组成，即Ｇａ３＋：ＤＢＳＢＨ：ＣｌＯ４＝１：２：１，计算了萃取常数Ｋｅｘ＝１．２６×１０－５，并确定了符合比耳定律的浓度范围。可考虑该试剂作为测定Ｇａ３＋的显色剂。     

一维原子刻蚀的数值模拟

通过直接的数值模拟，分析了原子束在激光驻波场下传播的动力学行为．估计了Cr原子沉积在基片上的焦点的大小，同时还发现一些实验参数会影响原子刻蚀的精度：如原子束的速度分布、激光的失谐量和激光束的直径等．