一个无电场成形电极平面漂移室的研究

本文叙述了一个平面无电场成形电极漂移室的一些基本特性, 测量了探测效率、漂移时间与漂移距离的关系及不同位置的电荷谱.     

北京谱仪Ⅱ顶点探测器的离线刻度

介绍了在VCJULI基础上对北京谱仪Ⅱ顶点探测器进行离线刻度的方法,包括整体T0的获得、单丝零时间t0的扣除、丝位的修正、顶点探测器相对于主漂移室位置的校正以及漂移时间一漂移距离关系的修正等.并由此给出了北京谱仪Ⅱ顶点探测器的主要参数:空间分辨好于100μm.     

原子尺寸对Lennard-Jones液体玻璃转变过程中动力学不均匀性的影响

采用分子动力学模拟技术,通过对非高斯参数α_2(t)、粘度η等动力学参数的计算探究了原子尺寸对Lennard-Jones(LJ)液体在玻璃转变过程中动力学不均匀性的影响.结果表明在玻璃转变温度T_g附近,原子尺寸越小,粘度值增加越显著,且粘度随温度的变化满足Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT)方程;β弛豫阶段的非高斯参数α_2(t)与时间的关系满足幂律函数,且随着原子尺寸的减小动力学不均匀性越来越明显.     

温度对星载成像光谱仪谱线漂移的影响

为了研究温度对成像光谱仪谱线漂移的影响,分析了谱线漂移与光谱成像系统各镜面刚体位移之间的关系,建立了温度对成像光谱仪谱线漂移影响的理论模型,通过软件仿真和热光学试验对理论模型进行了验证和修正。基于线性光学理论建立了镜面刚体位移对谱线漂移影响的数学模型,使用蒙特卡罗法对理论模型进行了数值仿真验证;采用有限元法求解了温度载荷下各镜面的刚体位移,在Matlab软件环境下利用Code V的API函数对变形后的光学系统进行了光线追迹,求解了镜面刚体位移导致的谱线位置变化,研究了成像光谱仪的谱线漂移特性,得到了温度载荷作用下的谱线漂移模型;通过热光学试验对理论模型进行了验证和修正。结果表明,在8℃～28℃范围内,谱线在光谱方向仅发生整体平移,没拉伸或压缩效应;基于线弹性理论和线性光学模型建立的理论模型与试验结果吻合较好,最大偏差不超过12%,修正后的谱线漂移模型相对误差小于5%,绝对精度优于0.2pixel。     

含时库仑势和线性势的薛定谔方程的求解

利用Burgan等人的时空变换方法对一类特殊形式的具有含时库仑势加线性项的薛定谔方程进行了分析和计算,并进一步讨论了更普遍形式的含时势V(r,t)=–a0ξ12r+nk=1akrkξk2+1(其中ξ=at2+bt+c,a0,a1,a2,…,an,a,b,c是满足一定关系的常数)的波函数     

对动态缓变Reissner-Nordström黑洞量子辐射特征的研究

考虑到Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞的质量M和荷电量Q随时间t缓慢变化的情况,研究了此黑洞的量子辐射特征.结果表明,在动态缓变Reissner-Nordstrom时空中荷电Dirac粒子的量子热辐射谱与其黑洞蒸发率及随时间t缓变的M(t)和Q(t)等因素有关;动态缓变Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞量子非热辐射的最大能量与量子热辐射谱中的化学势相等.     

基于辐照前1/f噪声的金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管潜在缺陷退化模型

基于金属-氧化物-半导体-场效应管(MOSFET)辐射损伤的微观机理,推导出了MOSFET经历辐照之后氧化层空穴俘获与阈值电压漂移之间关系的表达式.又根据MOSFET中1/f噪声产生的微观机理,建立了辐照之前MOSFET的1/f噪声功率谱幅值与阈值电压漂移量之间的定量关系,并通过实验予以验证.结果表明,辐照之前的1/f噪声功率谱幅值与辐照之后的阈值电压漂移量存在正比例关系,阈值电压漂移量可以反映出MOSFET内部的潜在缺陷的退化程度,因此,该模型有助于利用1/f噪声参量来表征MOSFET内部潜在缺陷的数量和严重程度.     

ETC相互作用对NLC实验中顶夸克对产生过程CP破坏的贡献

在Topcolor辅助的多标度人工色(TOPMTC)模型框架下计算了扩充人工色(ETC)相互作用对顶夸克对产生过程中CP破坏参数δ的贡献(δ=σ[e–e→t(–)–t(–)]–σ[e–e→t(+)–t(+)]/σ(e–e→t–t)).计算结果表明,对于合理的参数取值,ETC相互作用可对参数δ产生较大的修正(8.65×10^－3≤δ≤1.09×10^－2).期望在将来的NLC实验中能观测到此修正效应.     

对动态缓变Reissner-Nordstr(o)m黑洞量子辐射特征的研究

考虑到Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞的质量M和荷电量Q随时间t缓慢变化的情况,研究了此黑洞的量子辐射特征.结果表明,在动态缓变Reissner-Nordstrom时空中荷电Dirac粒子的量子热辐射谱与其黑洞蒸发率及随时间t缓变的M(t)和Q(t)等因素有关;动态缓变Reissner-Nordstrom黑洞量子非热辐射的最大能量与量子热辐射谱中的化学势相等.     

棱镜色散成像光谱仪的谱线漂移特性

为了研究棱镜色散成像光谱仪的谱线漂移特性,介绍了成像光谱仪谱线漂移的影响因素及机理,基于线性光学模型建立了描述谱线漂移特性的数学模型.在Matlab环境下利用Code V的API函数对系统进行了光线追迹,验证了数学模型的正确性,分析了谱线漂移的灵敏度系数.结果表明:工作环境变化引起的镜面刚体位移是导致成像光谱仪谱线漂移...     

一种漂移室定位子性能反常现象的研究

研究了一种漂移室定位子性能的反常现象,它关系到定位子的使用寿命．着重测量了暗电流和随机噪声与时间、高压及温度的关系.     

Formation of the distribution function of energetic ions by their drift at the front of a near-Earth bow shock wave

The formation of the distribution function of energetic ions by their drift at the front of a near-Earth shock wave is studied. A substantial effect of the shape of the shock front on the ion spectrum has been revealed. A dependence of the amplitude of the spectrum of reflected ions on the level of the magnetic field turbulence behind the shock front has been established.     

玉米品种近红外光谱鉴别技术中的参数漂移问题研究

以13个玉米品种鉴别为研究对象,提出了一种解决光谱仪参数漂移问题的有效方法。使用同一台光谱仪分不同时间重复采集数据,用一天数据建模,其余测试,发现不同时间采集的数据有较大偏移,严重时正确识别率仅为7.69%。为此,提出一种有监督学习特征提取的多天联合建模方法,首先挑选具有代表性的多个时间段样本数据共同组成建模集,其次采用PLS+LDA特征提取算法,提取出与仪器参数漂移无关的品种特征信息, 然后采用BPR方法建立品种鉴别模型。实验结果表明,该方法对于不同时间数据的偏移均能有较好的校正效果,得到较高的识别率和稳定性。     

NMR Relaxometer–Spectrometer with Continuous Generation of the HF Field for Studying Biological Objects

A compact nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometer–spectrometer with the continuous generation of the high-frequency energy and double magnetic field modulation has been designed for studying biological objects. Spin–lattice relaxation times and second-derivative spectra of the NMR signals have been measured. The relationship between the shape of the spectrum and the spin–lattice relaxation time has been established. This device is supposed to be used for the noninvasive measurement of the glucose concentration in the human blood from the measurement of the spin–lattice relaxation time and the NMR spectrum in a finger of a human hand.     

带有实时温度补偿功能的微型光谱仪研制

解调飞机上变栅距光栅位移传感器的微型光谱仪在受到严重的高低温冲击后会出现温度漂移。针对航空领域中变栅距光栅位移传感器的解调系统研制了一种具有实时温度补偿功能的微型光纤光谱仪。为了实现实时温度补偿,分析了温度变化对微型光谱仪的影响,并对传统的交叉式Czerny-Turner光路进行了优化,用ZEMAX软件模拟得到：在相同的受热产生的变形条件下,优化的C-T光路光谱漂移量相比优化前的更小且整体漂移线性度更好。在此基础上提出了一种引入参考光来实现实时温度补偿的方法,并最终基于改进的C-T光路制作了一个体积为80 mm×70 mm×70 mm、工作波段在500～1 000 nm、积分时间为8 ms～1 000 ms、光学分辨率约为2 nm的微型光纤光谱仪,用实验验证了优化的C-T光路的光谱温度漂移情况及温度补偿方案的可行性。实验结果表明在近60 ℃范围内的温度冲击下,研制的微型光谱仪能够达到波长标准误差小于0.1 nm,波长最大误差小于传感器系统所要求的0.3 nm,满足初始的设计要求。该微型光谱仪的创新之处在于采用了优化的交叉式C-T光路作为色散系统且基于引入参考光的方法实现了实时温度补偿功能。     

The fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum of raw coals and its application for evaluating coal property and combustion characteristics

Fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum is a big barrier for rapid and precise analysis of coal structures by Raman spectroscopy. Dealing with fluorescence interference suitably is one of the key tasks before efficient application of Raman spectroscopy in coal assessment. In this study, Raman spectra and coal combustion characteristics of 32 kinds of Chinese coals were respectively obtained in a micro-Raman spectrometer and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer. The degree of fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum was firstly defined and quantified as the drift coefficient α using a simple method without curve-fitting the spectrum. The correlations between the degree of fluorescence interference and coal property, coal combustion characteristics were set up and multivariable analysis was done. The results indicate that the degree of fluorescence interference is well related to the coal structures, and it is synthetically determined by volatile, moisture and ash content in coal. With the increase of volatile, moisture content in coal, the fluorescence interference increases continuously, and it can be reduced but not eliminated by drying the moisture in coals. Significant mathematical relations between the drift coefficient α and volatile, moisture content, coal combustion characteristic temperatures have been found. Coal with more evident fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum usually has lower degree of coalification, more polar functional groups, and burns at a lower temperature. The drift coefficient α can act as an efficient probe for coal property and coal combustion characteristics. This study provided a new and simple approach for evaluating coal property and coal combustion characteristics by fluorescence interference in Raman spectrum.     

化学气相沉积金刚石探测器测量软X射线能谱

金刚石具备高热导率、高电阻率、高击穿电场、大的禁带宽度、介电系数小、载流子迁移率高以及抗辐射能力强等特性,可作为已应用于惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验X射线测量的硅与X射线二极管的较好替代品.随着化学气相沉积(CVD)技术的发展,CVD金刚石受到人们越来越多的关注.文中利用拉曼谱仪和X射线衍射仪对1mm×1mm×2mm,1mm×1mm×3mm两种规格CVD金刚石完成品质检测后,完成了CVD金刚石X射线探测器的集成制作,并在8ps激光器和神光III原型装置上开展了探测器时间特性等性能研究.实验结果表明,整个探测器系统前沿响应时间可达60ps,半高全宽可达120ps,与X射线二极管探测系统时间特性一致.在神光Ⅲ原型装置实验中,没有观察到探测器对3ω0激光的响应,说明探测器具有好的抗干扰能力.其测得的温度曲线与软X射线能谱仪测量结果一致,实现了X射线能谱测量的初步应用.     

Spectroscopic measurements on a titanium plasma gun with hydrogenated electrodes

The plasma produced by a plasma gun which consists of concentric titanium and tantalum washers has been observed in the plasma gun as well as in a drift tube in which the plasma particles have been injected. Axial drift velocities of hydrogen and impurities have been determined in the drift tube by optical time-of-flight measurements. Maximum hydrogen velocities between 9·10⁶ to 1·10⁸ cm/sec could be determined, in agreement with magnetic probe-, Faraday cup-, microwave-, and electrostatic energy analyser measurements. The plasma which is produced within the plasma gun by a powerful discharge (vacuum arc) has been observed with a framing camera, spectrographs and photomultipliers. From end-on observed time resolved spectrograms the temperatures and electron densities have been determined as a function of time. The measurements indicate that thermal equilibrium is reached about 2·5 μsec after the firing of the main discharge. 4 μsec after the beginning of the main discharge a maximum temperature of about 72000° K is reached. The measurements further indicate that the high-energy part of the ejected particles is produced before an equilibrium state in the plasma gun has been established.     

基于信号自相关原理的光纤光栅数字解调方法

为满足工程测试领域对光纤光栅波长漂移高分辨探测技术的需要,提出一种基于信号自相关原理的新型光纤光栅数字解调技术.该技术在可调谐滤波法的基础上,通过对信号序列采用自相关分析以实现对波长漂移的测量以及对传感光栅反射谱形状的识别,能够有效克服噪音对信号的影响.仿真结果表明：光纤光栅自相关数字解调方法可以准确测量光纤光栅波长的漂移,适用于传感光栅具有相同波长的变化范围.     

Statistical description of the motion of dislocation kinks in a random field of impurities adsorbed by a dislocation

A model has been proposed for describing the influence of impurities adsorbed by dislocation cores on the mobility of dislocation kinks in materials with a high crystalline relief (Peierls barriers). The delay time spectrum of kinks at statistical fluctuations of the impurity density has been calculated for a sufficiently high energy of interaction between impurities and dislocations when the migration potential is not reduced to a random Gaussian potential. It has been shown that fluctuations in the impurity distribution substantially change the character of the migration of dislocation kinks due to the slow decrease in the probability of long delay times. The dependences of the position of the boundary of the dynamic phase transition to a sublinear drift of kinks x ∝ t^δ (δ σ 1) and the characteristics of the anomalous mobility on the physical parameters (stress, impurity concentration, experimental temperature, etc.) have been calculated.