钨丝探针电解—电墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定砷化镓中的铬

钨丝探针电解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定砷化镓中的铬，灵敏度可达０．０１ｎｇ／１％吸收，相对标准偏差为３％，富集倍数达２８倍。与直接液体进样原子化方法相比，本方法具有减少环境污染，简便，灵敏度高，抗干扰能力强等优点。在研究测铬的最佳条件的同时，本文还探了铬（Ⅵ）的电解机理。     

ICP—AES法测定尿毒症病人血清中7种微量元素

本法测定了尿毒症病人血清中锌、钙、铁、铜、镁、铬及镉等７种微量元素的含量。本方法具有灵敏度高，操作简单，基体干扰少等优点。     

ICP－AES法测定尿毒症病人血清中7种微量元素

本法测定了尿毒症病人血清中锌、钙、铁、铜、镁、铬及镉等７种微量元素的含量。本方法具有灵敏度高，操作简单、基体干扰少等优点。     

ICP-MS测定野生黑果枸杞中的15种微量元素含量

黑果枸杞样品经微波消解处理,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定样品中钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰、钴、镍、铅、砷、汞、镉、铬等15种微量元素的含量.方法快速准确、灵敏度高,各元素的线性系数均大于0.9997,加标回收率在92.60％-103.20％之间,相对标准偏差小于5％.     

原子吸收光谱法测定重金属铬的含量

以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重金属铬含量为宗旨,考察了雾化器流量、乙炔流量、氧化剂流量、燃烧头高度、基本改进剂等因素,结果发现,通过实验条件优化,校正系数从0.998265提高到0.999998,该方法能最大程度改善火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铬元素灵敏度低的问题,具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,为与人类密切相关的食品、药品、化妆品、医疗器械等产品中重金属铬含量测定提供一定的参考。     

紫外分光光度法测定中央空调制冷剂中的铬酸根

紫外分光光度法测定中央空调制冷剂溴化锂水溶液中的铬酸根 ,方法检测灵敏度高 ,操作简便、快速 ,数据准确可靠。     

微色谱柱分离—FAAS法测定镀铬液中铁、铜、锌

本文研究了减压条件下微孔色谱柱分离富集镀铬液中杂质无素铁、铜、锌的柱性能，确定了最佳富集条件，在近中性介质中，以H^ 型732强酸性阳离子交换树脂于φ3×70mm微孔色谱柱中富集镀铬液中铁、铜、锌，与铬（Ⅵ）分离，以蒸馏水为淋洗液，被吸附的离子用4.5mol/L硝酸洗脱后用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定，方法简便、快速，灵敏度高，标准加入回收率在98％－104％之间，用于镀铬液中铁、铜、锌的测定，结果令人满意。     

用高氯酸铵作干扰抑制剂火焰原子吸收法测定钒钛磁铁矿中的铬

火焰原子吸收法测定铬,采用不同类型的火焰其灵敏度和共存元素的干扰各不相同。用空气-乙炔贫燃焰或-氧化二氮-乙炔火焰,共存元素干扰小,但灵敏度低。在空气-乙炔富燃焰中铬的灵敏度高,但共存元素严重干扰测定。为了消除干扰,除采用分离方法外,加干扰抑制剂也能有效地消除干扰。常用的干扰抑制剂有氯化铵,焦硫     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定饲料中的铬

强制性国家标准GB 13078—2001规定了饲料中铬的限量。文章针对饲料中铬含量测定的国家标准方法GB/T 13088—1991的不足,建立了火焰原子吸收分光光度(FAAS)法测定饲料中铬含量的分析方法。分别研究了不同的乙炔流量、燃烧器高度和干扰抑制剂氯化铵的添加量对三价铬[Cr(Ⅲ)]和六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]测定灵敏度的影响;比较了用Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)标准曲线测定饲料样品中铬的结果,两组测定的平均值经t检验,无显著性差异。FAAS法测定铬的灵敏度为0.014 μg·mL-1;检出限为0.70 mg·kg-1,标准添加回收率为94.4%～104.9%,同一样品重复测定(6～7次)的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.90%～4.08%。该方法与GB/T 13088—1991相比具有简便、快速、准确等优点,其检出限满足GB 13078—2001规定的饲料中铬的限量要求。     

钨丝无火焰原子吸收光谱法测定废水中的镉

钨丝电热原子化器电解富集的方法可以测定海水中微量镉。对含量较高的城市工业废水中的镉的测定,则可采用直接加样的方法测定。本文使用钨丝电热原子化器,直接加样法对工业污水中的镉进行了测定。本法测镉的绝对灵敏度为:2.3×10~(-12)克,加5μl测得相对灵敏度为:0.45ppb,检出限为:0.2ppb。对0.2ng的镉重复测定20次,相对标准偏差为7.3％     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.