图像采集自动生物显微镜系统自动调焦的研究

阐述了以ＣＣＤ为光电探测器件，采用步进电机驱动，集工作台自动扫描、自动调焦和图像的自动采集为一体的显微镜系统自动调焦机理，改进了均方差评价函数，完成了自动调焦，为显微图像的采集和处理提供了强有力的手段。     

基于太赫兹光谱的固体粉末含水率检测方法研究

本文以炸药奥克托今（HMX）为例，开展了基于太赫兹光谱的固体粉末含水率检测方法的研究。首先，设计了适用于含水试样的预处理模具，避免预处理和测量过程中HMX粉末水分流失。其次，采用太赫兹时域光谱系统测量了HMX脱水过程的太赫兹光谱，获得了不同含水率HMX的太赫兹折射率和吸收系数。最后，研究了基于支持向量机回归（SVR）的含水率分析方法。提出了融合试样质量和太赫兹折射率的建模方法，解决了基于折射率或吸收系数的回归模型泛化性差的问题。在此基础上，采用遗传算法（GA）和粒子群算法（PSO）对SVR建模过程的正则化参数和核函数进行寻优。结果表明，基于PSO-SVR的模型最优，建模决定系数（R2）为0.996，均方根误差（RMSE）为0.009%，外部验证R2为0.991,RMSE为0.015%。     

一种新型的高功率高频率同轴渡越时间振荡器

 提出了一种高频率和高功率的渡越时间振荡器,并且对其进行了理论和数值研究。这种振荡器采用同轴结构，功率容量大，不需要外加引导磁场聚焦电子束，波束相互作用区短，保持了传统渡越时间振荡器在结构上的简单性和输出信号的稳定性；运用电压为225kV和电流为11kA的电子束进行模拟，在X波段获得了峰值功率为1.4GW，频率为8.335GHz的微波输出。     

100 kHz腔倒空薄片激光器理论与实验研究

对100 kHz运转的腔倒空薄片激光器的输出特性进行了理论和实验研究。首先建立起腔倒空薄片激光器的速率方程理论模型，模型中考虑了单位时间谐振腔中新增的自发辐射光子数，对其占总自发辐射光子数的比例进行了分析，并结合一些参数进行了仿真。进一步搭建了重复频率为100 kHz的腔倒空薄片激光器实验装置，获得了平均功率为253 W的纳秒激光脉冲输出，光光效率约为35.2%,脉冲宽度为10.4 ns,单脉冲能量为2.53 mJ,脉冲的峰值功率超过了200 kW,x和y方向的光束质量M²分别为9.77和9.27。针对腔倒空调Q的动力学稳定性问题，研究了普克尔盒开关时间对输出平均功率和输出脉冲稳定性的影响，实验中观察到了倍周期分岔和确定性混沌现象，从理论上对这个现象进行了仿真分析，仿真结果可与实验结果相符。     

一种新的永久周期磁铁聚焦的高功率宽带放大器

 提出了一种新的高功率宽带放大器，它由速调管和自由电子脉塞组成，用永久周期磁铁聚焦。研究了这种器件的电子束聚焦、群聚和辐射。在速调管提供一阶调制系数为30%，波导管的半径1.51cm，摇摆器的磁场振幅0.16T，周期7.92cm，电子束的电压490kV，电流50A和半径0.368cm的条件下，预估这种器件的辐射波频率为11.4GHz，输出辐射功率为18MW，输出辐射带宽为44%。     

在均匀外压力作用下柱壳的蠕变

 文中描述了对柱壳在蠕变到断裂条件下的形变实验研究，进行了三个系列的实验研究：第一个实验为，用X18H10T材料制造的长为380 mm的圆柱壳，在温度为850 ℃的情况下，加载到发生蠕变的状态下，测量发生断裂的时间和圆柱的椭圆度。第二个实验为，用Xastell-X合金，在800 ℃和900 ℃的情况下进行的，作者并对六个不同作者和模型的计算结果进行了比较。第三个实验为，用Xastell-X合金在700 ℃温度下，由西德Cooper进行的。作者应用三种理论模型和实验结果进行了比较，均在误差范围之内。     

CSNS射频负氢离子源控制系统研制

为满足中国散裂中子源打靶功率提升需求，加速器采用外置天线射频负氢离子源替换此前使用的潘宁表面负氢离子源，为加速器提供高品质和高稳定的束流。文章主要介绍了基于EPICS软件系统和PLC硬件平台的射频负氢离子源控制系统设计方案和具体实现。针对射频功率源的电磁干扰和高压平台打火造成设备损坏，给出了相应的解决措施。此外，为提高离子源长期运行稳定性，设计了放电室高精度注铯控制程序及打靶功率稳定程序。控制系统自投入运行以来，运行稳定可靠，为离子源的高效运行提供了有力保障。     

Ford著《经典与近代物理学》简评

19世纪末20世纪初的物理学革命，诞生了以相对论和量子力学为代表的近代物理学，这不仅使人们对物质世界的认识扩展到了高速和微观的范畴，而且有力地促进了其他基础学科和科学技术的发展，也为开辟新的技术领域提供了理论上的基础。因此，如何在大学物     

基于布里渊激光雷达的海水温度和盐度反演

作为一种新型的激光探测雷达，布里渊激光雷达可以用于海水参数的监测。针对现有的布里渊激光雷达反演模型存在反演精度和参数范围较小的缺点，将频移和线宽作为自变量，采用最小二乘法对温度与盐度进行了拟合，提出了新的温度与盐度的反演模型。该模型提高了海水温度和盐度的反演精度与范围，并从灵敏度、误差、不确定度三个方面对反演模型进行了分析。结果表明，利用布里渊频移和线宽可以实现海洋温度和盐度的同步监测。在温度反演模型中，布里渊线宽对温度的影响要大于频移对温度的影响，新的模型温度反演范围从15℃≤T≤30℃扩大为10℃≤T≤30℃，最大误差为0.17℃，平均误差为0.07℃，平均相对误差为0.27%，比现有模型的精度提高了63.16%；在盐度反演模型中，布里渊频移对盐度的影响要大于线宽对盐度的影响，该模型的反演范围也从30‰≤S≤35‰扩大为15‰≤S≤35‰，最大误差为0.20‰，平均误差为0.09‰，平均相对误差为0.29%，比现有模型的精度提高了77.50%。研究结果对布里渊激光雷达探测海水温度和盐度具有指导意义。     

高精度中小11径非球面修抛技术研究

为实现高精度中小口径非球面的加工，介绍了一种非球面修抛技术。基于Preston假设，将抛光过程描述成一个线性方程，计算得到材料的去除量与抛光时间、抛光压力和零件转速之间的函数关系。设计了整体修抛法和环带修抛法两种方法，在数控抛光的基础上，对口径为Ф117mm的凹抛物面和口径为Ф17mm凸双曲面进行修抛，修抛后非球面的面形精度PV值为0．184μm，RMS均小于0．032μm，达到了工程化应用要求，实现了中小口径非球面的高精度加工。     

基于滑模鲁棒算法的超低频主动隔振系统

振动噪声的有效隔离是冷原子重力仪的关键技术之一.为了减小冷原子重力仪中拉曼反射镜的振动噪声,研制了一套紧凑型低频主动隔振系统.其原理是利用滑模鲁棒控制系统处理和反馈由地震仪采集到的振动信号,利用音圈电机控制和消除被动隔振平台的运动.在0.1—10 Hz频域范围内,滑模鲁棒控制系统的残余振动噪声功率谱密度比被动隔振平台最大降低了99.9%,比超前滞后补偿控制方法最大降低了83.3%.滑模鲁棒控制算法还具有整定参数少、抗干扰能力强等特点.     

Vibration compensation of an atom gravimeter

For most atom interferometers, the vibration isolation unit is applied to reduce vibration noise. In our experiment, instead of isolation, the vibration signals are monitored, and combining with the sensitive function, the compensation phase shift for the atom interferometer is obtained. We focus on the correction over a wide spectrum rather than on "monochromatic" frequencies. The sensitivity of the atom gravimeter can be upgraded by a factor of more than two. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the atom interferometer can still produce a good measurement result without passive vibration isolation in extremely noisy environments by using vibration compensation.     

多级阻振质量阻隔振动波的传递特性研究

利用波动理论的分析、处理方法,分析了多级平行阻振质量阻隔振动波传递的特性,给出了多级阻振质量对平面弯曲波传递的阻抑公式,讨论了平面弯曲波传递时形成的穿透频段和堵塞频段,并进行了相应的算例分析,采用有限元法对多级阻振质量的隔振性能进行了数值计算,结果表明:阻振质量对偏离法向角的弯曲波分量的阻抑较强,传递能量的损失较大;多级阻振质量能够较好地阻抑结构声的传递,且阻抑效果随着阻振级数的增加而增大;在有几个阻振质量的情况下,通过改变它们的平行性,可以提高其隔振效果;且如果将不同质量、不同横截面形状的阻振质量前后交错配置,同样可以使总的隔振效果提高,这对于多级阻振质量在船体结构减振降噪中的应用具有重要的参考意义。     

空气弹簧隔振台特性试验及信号处理算法研究

超精密测量对环境振动要求非常严格,其仪器设备中多安装隔振装置。为评估某重点实验室圆度仪中使用的仪用小型空气弹簧隔振台的隔振性能,利用压电式加速度传感器设计振动测试试验。根据振动测试中信号的实际情况,设计信号处理算法,对采集到的加速度信号进行预处理、积分运算、频谱分析,消除信号中低频趋势项和干扰噪声,还原实际振动状况,准确获取隔振系统振动位移曲线及其固有频率。试验表明,该空气弹簧隔振系统各项指标满足隔振要求。信号处理算法对振动测试中的加速度信号处理具有一定指导意义,也可作为故障诊断中加速度信号处理的参考。     

怠速工况下燃油系统的噪声评价和改善*

在实车怠速工况下的噪声振动性能评价过程中,燃油系统是发动机诸多子系统当中一个重要的声源。针对这一子系统产生的车内脉动噪声偏大的问题,总结出了对燃油类液体的脉动噪声振动控制机理、原因及诊断方法。首先,采用在燃油轨内追加阻尼器的方案很好地抑制了谐频噪声;然后,从燃油泵这一主要激振源出发,提出了设定燃油泵单品噪声振动、声品质等目标值的策略,即从源头上控制关键产品的噪声性能。在此基础之上,与之相应的解决方案实施之后,怠速工况下的车内噪声提升到了较好的水平,而且,燃油系统噪声的主观评价结论也认为得到了明显改善。     

Effect of viscous damping on power transmissibility for the vibration isolation of building services equipment

Vibration isolation plays an important role in both the vibration and noise control of building services equipment. To evaluate vibration isolation performance, the force transmissibility method is commonly adopted. However, increasing the damping effect in the force transmissibility method reduces both the resonance peak value and the isolation performance in the “isolation region”. The limitation of the method is that the transmitted displacement of a floor structure and the interaction of mounting points are neglected. To include the floor displacement and the interaction of mounting points, Mak and Su recently proposed the power transmissibility method to assess the performance of vibration isolation. In this paper, the effect of viscous damping on power transmissibility is investigated. A practical procedure for experimentally determining the damping ratio is also given.     

Reduction of vibration and noise radiation of an underwater vehicle due to propeller forces using periodically layered isolators

Using periodic structure theory, the suppression of vibration and noise radiation from an underwater vehicle due to excitation from propeller forces is investigated. The underwater vehicle is modelled in two parts (the hull and the propeller/shafting system). A model of the propeller/shafting system is constructed using a modular approach and considers the propeller, shaft, thrust bearing, isolation structure and foundation. Different forms of isolator are considered – a simple spring-damper system, a continuous rod and a periodically layered structure. The dynamic properties of the underwater vehicle and the isolation performances of various isolators are compared and analysed. The stop band properties of the periodic isolator are used to enhance the passive control performance. Furthermore, an integrated isolation device is proposed that consists of the periodic isolator and a dynamic absorber, and its isolation performance is investigated. The effects of the absorber parameters on the performance of the integrated device are also analysed. Finally, the radiated sound pressure is calculated to verify the attenuation. The numerical results show that the vibration and noise radiation are greatly attenuated in the stop bands. By optimising the design of the periodic isolators and its integrated structures, the suppression of the vibration and noise radiation can be improved effectively.     

First gravity measurements using the mobile atom interferometer GAIN

We present the compact Gravimetric Atom Interferometer (GAIN), based on laser-cooled ⁸⁷Rb atoms, and discuss its first measurements of the local gravitational acceleration. In this context, we also describe an active vibration isolation system and a tip-tilt stage, which allow for a suppression of vibrational noise and systematic effects like the Coriolis force due to Earth’s rotation.     

充液管路系统流体声与结构声的复合有源控制

采用基于谐频自适应控制算法的有源消声与消振系统对充液管路系统突出的低频线谱噪声进行有源控制实验研究.建立了泵水循环管路实验系统,在管路中安装有源消声器对流体声进行控制,在管路出口障板上采用8×8通道有源消振系统控制结构声辐射。开展的低频线谱噪声与振动有源控制实验结果表明,在50~200 Hz频带内,通过结合有源噪声与振动控制可在多数频点取得10 dB以上的降噪效果。针对该实验系统,通过分别控制流体声和结构声分析了两者的贡献.实验结果验证了有源消声与消振系统具有较好的降噪性能,各频点处流体声与结构声占比情况不同,需要综合控制流体声与结构声才可以取得显著的降噪效果。      

Investigation on Noise Pollution Comprehensive Treatment of Distribution Transformer in Living Area

In the current paper, which deals with the noise pollution excited by distribution transformers in the living area, a comprehensive treatment scheme is put forward for the purpose of reducing the sound pressure level emitting into the environment. In accordance with the associated test standard, the sound pressure levels of distribution transformer and surrounding environment are not only tested but analyzed as well. The measurements were carried out with the frequency analysis of the 1/3 octave resolution, with the center frequencies at 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 400 Hz, and 500 Hz. As illustrated, on the basis of the measurement results, the frequency of noise at 500 Hz of distribution transformer causes the major noise pollution in the surrounding environment. This measurement result is in line with the noise frequency characteristics of distribution transformer. There are two transmission routes of noise: i) the noise excited by distribution transformer transmits by means of the wall of distribution room, and ii) part of noise spreads through the ground of distribution room. Accordingly, acoustic shield and vibration isolation device are applied for the reduction of the low frequency noise emitted through the above two paths. Aimed at applying the appropriate acoustic material and vibration mounting, the evaluation of the noise reduction and vibration absorption is carried out in accordance with the sound and vibration insulation theory. Following the noise treatment, the transformer and environment noise are measured again. The corresponding findings shed light on the fact that the sound level satisfied the requirement of limits of the ordinance. The proposed noise treatment scheme can be applied to the existing power distribution facilities for controlling the sound levels that reach a point where it is comparatively more unobjectionable.