非等距叶片微型旋涡泵压力脉动特性研究

漩涡泵运转时,其自身压力脉动问题会引起流动噪声和振动,影响设备运行可靠度,因此,需要尽可能减少旋涡泵的压力脉动问题。本文采用数值模拟分析用于汽车燃油输送的微型旋涡泵压力脉动特征,并采用随机叶片分布的方法设计了两只新的涡轮,分别采用不同的叶片分布规律,通过数值仿真研究在非等距叶片分布下压力脉动的特征。结果显示,采用非等距叶片分布可以大幅分散峰值强度,降低压力脉动的振幅,有利于防止压力脉动频率与油箱频率发生共振,降低燃油泵运行中的噪声。因此,采用非等距叶片设计,有助于改善旋涡泵压力脉动,对旋涡泵的性能提升具有借鉴价值。     

湍流边界层激励下腔体内水动力自噪声预报与测量

循环水槽中试验测量了腔体内水动力自噪声,并与模态法建立的湍流脉动压力引起腔体自噪声预报进行比较验证。透声窗振动以简支边界为条件,腔体内部声波以刚性边界为条件模态展开,通过辐射边界条件建立模态耦合振动方程。在随机湍流脉动压力作用下,推导了模态振动方程在随机力激励下的自噪声功率谱响应。对循环水槽中5 m/s和8 m/s两种流速工况下的腔体水动力自噪声和湍流脉动压力进行了测试,结合测量的脉动压力预报方法可以计算腔体水动力自噪声量值,理论预报与试验测量结果大致吻合,趋势一致,为声呐罩材料选取及声学环境控制提供了一种分析方法。      

湍流边界层激励下腔体内水动力自噪声预报与测量

循环水槽中试验测量了腔体内水动力自噪声,并与模态法建立的湍流脉动压力引起腔体自噪声预报进行比较验证。透声窗振动以简支边界为条件,腔体内部声波以刚性边界为条件模态展开,通过辐射边界条件建立模态耦合振动方程。在随机湍流脉动压力作用下,推导了模态振动方程在随机力激励下的自噪声功率谱响应。对循环水槽中5 m/s和8 m/s两种流速工况下的腔体水动力自噪声和湍流脉动压力进行了测试,结合测量的脉动压力预报方法可以计算腔体水动力自噪声量值,理论预报与试验测量结果大致吻合,趋势一致,为声呐罩材料选取及声学环境控制提供了一种分析方法。     

汽车车内噪声主动控制系统仿真

摘要：降低汽车空腔的振动,是抑制汽车车内噪声的有效途径之一。以激振器、作动器和控制器等为主要部件,搭建了简化的汽车车内噪声主动控制系统,该系统通过将汽车空腔模型简化为板件,以减弱板件振动为目标,实现了汽车车内噪声主动控制。采用简谐正弦及余弦信号作为激振器发出的激励,用于模拟板件的初始振动,控制器通过采用模糊控制算法直接控制压电陶瓷作动器的振动,压电陶瓷作动器的振动用于抑制板件的振动,完成了汽车车内噪声主动控制系统仿真。仿真结果表明,研究采用的汽车车内噪声主动控制系统,使汽车空腔振动降低23%,为解决由汽车发动机和动力总成的振动所引发的汽车车内噪声问题提供了一个有效途径。     

混合动力车型燃油箱晃荡声的时变响度评价方法与降噪应用

随着市场对汽车舒适性要求的提高,燃油箱油液晃动噪声问题越来越被重视。尤其是对于混合动力乘用车型,由于缺少发动机怠速噪声的掩蔽效应,更容易引起市场用户对燃油箱晃荡声的抱怨。本文以某搭载BSG混合动力SUV(Sports Utility Vehicle)车型的燃油箱晃荡声问题为案例,系统性地进行了整车测试分析与路径排查工作,通过对比分析声压级与响度指标方法的差异,说明了采用时变响度声品质指标能够更准确地反映出车内人耳对晃荡声的主观评价感受。本文主要通过“结构声”传递路径的优化,降低了油箱晃动激励到车内的传递,显著改善了车内的油液晃荡声问题,这为提升燃油系统NVH性能集成开发的能力,有着较重要的工程参考价值。     

语音清晰度和平均混响时间在车内声学中的应用

乘用车的车内声学性能直接影响人的主观感受,但仅靠主观评价来判定是不够的;必须通过引入有力的客观参量来刻画车内听觉的舒适度效果。而如何来设计车内噪声试验方案来诊断和改善声学水平则成了一个重要的环节。在乘用车车内噪声品质的开发过程中,综合应用语音清晰度和平均混响时间两个指标对车内吸声性能进行了对比分析。通过对实车主观评价和客观测试,讨论了语音清晰度、车内平均混响时间、吸声系数和声压衰减斜率的概念及相互关系,从而确定了高速道路行驶工况下的语音清晰度主要取决于车内吸声材料的性能。提出了将车内相关部位进行材料吸声改进作为改善语音清晰度的主要措施之一。     

某汽车传动系扭振测试、诊断与数据处理分析

本文针对某轻型卡车由于传动系扭振导致加速过程中驾驶室内出现异常振动与轰鸣噪声现象进行研究。首先,为弄清车内振动噪声产生机理,对整车的扭振和车内振动噪声进行了实车道路试验;其次,对整车试验异常数据进行后处理,通过低通滤波和设置电压波动缓冲区的方法对其进行去噪和再生成,消除了加速工况下转速曲线失速和异常峰值的现象;最后,通过分析转速、振动和噪声数据得出：样车加速过程中发动机2阶激励频率达到整车传动系的固有频率时,引起了传动系扭转共振,连同传动轴的不平衡转动自振,通过悬置、中间支撑和后桥板簧传入到车内,引起驾驶室异常振动和轰鸣噪声。     

车内噪声品质主客观评价探究式教学实验

基于探究式教学思想,针对"汽车噪声分析与控制技术及应用"课程,面向车辆工程专业学生设计了汽车车内噪声品质主客观评价探究式教学实验,且开发了车内噪声心理声学评价指标分析计算的辅助教学软件,可在实际汽车内先通过丹麦B&K公司3560型噪声采集系统进行实验测试,然后在实验室内回放进行车内声品质的主客观分析评价. 实验过程中学生在了解车内噪声心理声学主、客观评价指标的基础上,主动参与车内噪声测量和主、客观评价两部分实践环节,促进对理论课相关知识的理解.     

高速列车车体疲劳试验压力加载控制仿真研究

高速列车在隧道通过或明线交会时,列车表面会产生较大的气压波动,此压力波动通过车体传递到车内也会影响车内压力波动,加之运行速度的不断提高,可引起车体表面材料疲劳甚至断裂。为研究高速列车在复杂工况下车内、外压力波动对车体材料疲劳性能的影响,设计了一种能同时对车内及车外进行压力加载的试验系统。利用AMESIM与SIMULINK接口技术进行联合仿真平台的构建,并进行车内、外压力控制仿真。针对系统数学模型难以建立,且存在大容量、大时滞、非线性及多扰动等特点,采用基于前馈补偿的高阶非因果型迭代PI型控制算法实现车内及车外压力的精确控制。仿真结果表明该算法控制误差较PI型控制算法小,控制效果更理想。     

变风量客车空调系统性能实验研究

针对纯电动客车热泵空调系统制冷与制热性能衰减严重、耗能较高等问题,设计并搭建了一款基于R410A纯电动客车热泵空调系统实验台。该实验研究了变车外风机风量对热泵系统性能的影响。实验结果表明:低压补气制冷工况下:车内风量为100%,车外风量从40%增加到100%时,系统制冷量增加1.45%,COP_1上升12.7%,COP_2下降19.4%,压缩机功率下降11.1%,排气温度降低11%。制热工况下,系统制热量增加3.2%,COP_1上升8.5%,COP_2下降27.7%,压缩机功率下降29.5%,车内出风温度降低0.7%。     

A Simplified Formulation to Estimate Influence of Gearbox Parameters on the Rattle Noise

Occurrence of gear rattle in transmission systems can result in severe vibration and noise, which in applications such as automobiles is an important source of user discomfort. As a result , the reduction of the rattling noise has attracted lot of concerns. The rattling noise level is affected by several gearbox parameters, an understanding of which is essential to prevent the expensive design modifications at later stages of product development. To develop such understanding at the gearbox design stage, this paper analytically evaluates the gear parameters’ effect on the root mean square of the wheel gear acceleration under idling condition, which is known to be linearly correlated to the rattling noise level. Therefore, this evaluation allows for an investigation of the gear parameters’ influence on the rattling noise as well. This method is then verified by comparing the analytical results with the simulation results from a dynamic model built in SIMPACK as well as previously published experimental results. Thus, the proposed analytical evaluation method can optimize the gearbox specifications at the design stage to reduce the gear rattle noise level.     

燃料电池有轨电车声学优化*

基于线路噪声实验,系统测试分析了燃料电池有轨电车的噪声特性,研究了噪声分布以及空气传声、结构传声路径对噪声的贡献。结果表明改善车辆地板、空调、顶板和风挡的隔声性能,尤其是在500～1250 Hz的1/3倍频带范围内的隔声性能将有助于改善车辆内部声学环境。优化燃料电池系统控制,降低冷却单元转速将有助于改善车辆外部声学环境。在此基础上提出减震降噪建议措施,再次进行线路噪声实验,结果表明该措施有效。     

Experimental study of the cavitation noise and vibration induced by the choked flow in a Venturi reactor

In this paper, the cavitation performance and corresponding pressure pulsation, noise and vibration induced by the choked cavitating flow in a Venturi reactor are investigated experimentally under different cavitation conditions by using high-speed camera and high frequency sensors. Based on the instantaneous continuous cavitation images, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), a tool to analyze the large-scale cavitation flow structure, is applied to investigate the choked cavitating flow dynamics. The POD results show that two mechanisms, re-entrant jet flow mechanism and shock wave mechanism, govern the shedding and collapse of cavitation cloud at different pressure ratios. These mechanisms contribute to the variation of pressure pulsation, noise and vibration at different pressure ratios. The pressure pulsation spectrum behaves differently in various cavitation regions induced by the choked cavitating flow. Due to the existence of low pressure in re-entrant region, the influence of high frequency fluctuation on pressure pulsation caused by re-entrant flow is small. Moreover, with the increase of pressure ratio, the induced noise and vibration intensity decreases gradually, then increases and reaches a maximum value. Finally, it drops to a low and stable level. Despite different inlet pressures, the intensity of cavitation noise and vibration reaches the maximum value at the same pressure ratio. Specifically, the FFT analysis of noise and vibration signals indicates that low frequency component prevails at small pressure ratio owing to the re-entrant jet mechanism, while high frequency component prevails at large pressure ratio owing to the shock wave mechanism. The relationship between the choked cavitation dynamics and the induced pressure pulsation, noise and vibration in the Venturi reactor is highlighted. The results can provide guidance for the optimal operation condition of the Venturi reactor for cavitation applications such as water treatment.     

Prediction of intake noise of an automotive engine in run-up condition

It is very important to predict the radiated noise from the engine intake system for the effective noise control and virtual prototyping of in-cavity and outdoor noise of a vehicle. To this end, one should precisely measure the in-duct acoustic source parameters of the intake system, viz., source strength and source impedance. Usually, the noise radiation characteristics need to be expressed as a function of engine speed. In this study, acoustic source parameters of an engine intake system under engine run-up condition were measured by using the direct method. Direct method employed two external loudspeakers, turned on simultaneously, and three microphones for the separation of upstream and downstream wave components. It was noted that the frequency spectra of source impedance hardly changes with the increase of engine speed. Utilizing this fact, source strength under the engine run-up condition was calculated by assuming invariant source impedance. Predicted insertion loss and radiated sound pressure level using the measured source parameters were compared with those of measured data and predicted data using several idealized source models, which have been adopted for the calculations. A reasonably good agreement was observed between measured sound spectra at the intake orifice and predicted one using the measured source data. It was shown that the source data obtained by the present method yielded a far better prediction accuracy than those by the idealized source models.     

新型高频消音器对Whoosh噪声的优化

为了诊断匹配涡轮增压器的汽油车型急加速过程中产生的Whoosh噪声,并分析噪声产生的原理,确定噪声的频率特性以及噪声产生的工况,本文通过对Whoosh噪声在进气系统中贡献量的分析,按照"源-路径-响应"原则,设计出频率相应的高频穿孔消音器并将其插入到进气系统中,从噪声传递路径上进行优化与控制。通过整车道路客观数据分析和主观驾评,确定该方案切实可行,可推广至多款增压车型上应用。     

基于Flowmaster的飞机燃油供油系统仿真研究

飞机燃油系统作为飞机不可或缺的功能和保障系统,对飞机的安全性有着重大的影响。针对飞机燃油供油系统的故障诊断问题,利用流体仿真软件Flowmaster建立了供油系统模型。仿真了飞机燃油系统增压泵供油、交输供油、重力供油的工作情况。分析了飞机燃油供油系统的故障模式,仿真了在几种典型故障模型下的工作情况,并对仿真结果进行了分析。结果表明利用Flowmaster所建立的供油系统模型能有效地仿真飞机燃油系统正常与故障工作情况,为飞机燃油系统的故障诊断打下了基础。     

Passive and active interior noise control of box structures using the structural intensity method

This paper presents passive and active vibro-acoustic noise control methods for attenuating the interior noise level in box structures which can be an analogy of cabins of vehicle and aircraft. The structural intensity (SI) approach is adopted to identify the predominant vibration panels and interior noise sources for box structures. In the study, the finite element method is used to determine the structural vibration and structural intensity in the box surfaces. According to structural intensity vectors plot and structural intensity stream lines presentation, the possible effective control positions where the dampers may be attached and the active control forces may act to reduce vibration and interior noise, are identified. From the study, it can be demonstrated that the structural intensity approach and stream line presentation are possible methods for identifying the vibro-acoustic interior noise source and predominant panels which may be modified to reduce the interior noise level. The structural intensity methodology, passive and active noise control results can be extended to the further study of the vibration and interior noise control of actual cabins of vehicles and aircraft.     

Ventilation duct with concurrent acoustic feed-forward and decentralised structural feedback active control

This paper presents theoretical and experimental work on concurrent active noise and vibration control for a ventilation duct. The active noise control system is used to reduce the air-borne noise radiated via the duct outlet whereas the active vibration control system is used to both reduce the structure-borne noise radiated by the duct wall and to minimise the structural feed-through effect that reduces the effectiveness of the active noise control system. An elemental model based on structural mobility functions and acoustic impedance functions has been developed to investigate the principal effects and limitations of feed-forward active noise control and decentralised velocity feedback vibration control. The principal simulation results have been contrasted and validated with measurements taken on a laboratory duct set-up, equipped with an active noise control system and a decentralised vibration control system. Both simulations and experimental results show that the air-borne noise radiated from the duct outlet can be significantly attenuated using the feed-forward active noise control. In the presence of structure-borne noise the performance of the active noise control system is impaired by a structure-borne feed-through effect. Also the sound radiation from the duct wall is increased. In this case, if the active noise control is combined with a concurrent active vibration control system, the sound radiation by the duct outlet is further reduced and the sound radiation from the duct wall at low frequencies reduces noticeably.