低密度固体颗粒与液体搅拌混合过程的数值模拟研究

低密度固体颗粒与液体的搅拌混合过程广泛存在于许多工业过程中,为建立相对精确的固液两相混合过程数值模拟方法,指导此类搅拌器的设计并优选搅拌结构,本文对三层桨式搅拌槽内的低密度固体颗粒与液体的搅拌混合过程进行了三维数值模拟,采用多重参考系法(MRF),选用标准k-ε湍流模式,模拟了三层桨式平底搅拌槽中的流场形态,通过搅拌混合过程的非定常两相流计算得到搅拌过程低密度固体颗粒体积分数分布情况和混合时间,最后与相关试验结果进行了定性比较。结果表明,该搅拌混合过程的CFD模拟可获得较准确的固液流场分布及各项特性参数,计算结果可为低密度固体颗粒搅拌过程提供工艺参考。     

椭球颗粒搅拌运动及混合特性的数值模拟研究

为探讨在强制搅拌下同属性颗粒由分层到分布均匀状态的运动特征及规律, 本研究利用三维离散单元法模拟不同转速下U形罐体内等粒径椭球颗粒的混合过程. 从单颗粒随机运动轨迹、宏观颗粒流运动矢量图的角度分析颗粒混合过程的宏观混合规律及局部混合特征, 定量描述混合度与搅拌叶片旋转圈数的数学关系. 结果表明, 强制搅拌下同属性分层颗粒的混合是在对流混合及四个局部混合共同作用下实现的; 分层颗粒的混合度与搅拌轴的转速无关, 而与搅拌轴旋转圈数直接相关; 混合度与圈数的关系符合指数增长模型. 研究结果可为散体物料增混行业的设备改进及操作控制提供依据和参考.     

搅拌摩擦焊准稳态热力耦合过程数值模拟研究

搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的材料塑性变形流场与温度场对焊接接头的组织演化及最终的力学性能有着十分重要的影响,许多学者对此进行了大量的研究.近年来的研究结果表明,该过程是一个极其复杂的热力耦合过程,温度场与材料塑性变形流场之间具有相互耦合效应.运用流体力学和传热学原理对准稳态热力耦合过程进行了数值模拟研究,通过计算得到了焊件材料的流场和温度场分布,并设计了相关实验对温度场进行了验证,结果表明该计算结果可以较准确地描述搅拌摩擦焊准稳态热力耦合状态.     

二维混合模拟方法及应用

设计了一个二维混合模拟程序,并用其计算了等离子体物理中的束流不稳定性.结果表明,此程序在计算过程中使能量基本保持守恒,计算结果同理论分析及一维混合模拟结果相一致.     

混合模拟方法模拟电子在固体表面的背散射

将电子输运的直接模拟方法和压缩历史方法相结合,建立能量为50 eV~1 GeV范围的电子在介质中输运的混合模拟蒙特卡罗方法.通过调整散射角参数和损失能量参数控制单次碰撞发生的次数,输运过程中单次碰撞采用直接模拟,在两次直接碰撞之间使用压缩历史方法模拟发生的多次小碰撞过程.利用该方法模拟电子在固体表面的背散射过程,探讨不同计算参数对计算效率和结果的影响,计算不同能量电子在固体表面的背散射系数和出射电子能量分布,计算结果与实验数据符合较好.     

根据激光束横截面能量分布的变化测量大功率激光聚焦镜的像差

提出了一种实时测量大功率激光照射下聚焦镜产生的像差的新方法。该方法利用混合模激光束在传输过程中光束横截面能量分布的变化来进行测量。首先通过计算混合模激光束的光学参数来模拟其在传输过程中的光束横截面能量分布的变化,然后计算其通过聚焦镜后在焦点位置的光束横截面能量分布,通过对比计算所得的光束横截面能量分布和实际测量的焦点位置的光束横截面能量分布的差异,得到聚焦镜的像差。     

基于隐式IB-LBM的二维搅拌摩擦焊接模拟

本文首次采用隐式浸入边界格子Boltzmann方法(IB-LBM)对二维搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的输运现象及搅拌头受力状况进行数值模拟与分析。两个不同的多松弛方程被分别用来求解速度场及温度场,搅拌头受力由浸入边界法计算得到。采用一种可移动的分块网格技术加密变形区域。搅拌头-工件界面考虑部分黏着/滑移接触条件,并通过模拟得到的扭矩计算产热量,形成工艺内部产热的自适应。结合实验数据,分析了2024-T3铝合金焊材的热量物质流动特性以及搅拌头受力特点。讨论了搅拌头转速及焊接速度对产热以及搅拌头受力影响。另外,研究发现三平面搅拌针作用下的搅拌区域明显大于圆形搅拌针。     

QUICK格式在湍流旋流流动数值模拟中的应用

为研究不同精度的离散格式对湍流旋流流动数值模拟结果的影响,同时应用QUICK格式和混合格式对同轴射流旋流燃烧室内的湍流流动进行了数值模拟.在采用k-ε湍流模型的条件下,QUICK格式计算得到的燃烧室内气体轴向与切向速度及轴向脉动速度均方根值分布与实验数据符合较好,而混合格式给出的数值模拟结果则与实验有一定的偏差.     

气泡在液态金属搅拌流场中运动与变形的影响因素分析

用"准三维"数值模拟方法研究吹气发泡法制备泡沫铝的过程中,单个气泡在铝熔液搅拌流场中的运动与变形.液体流场采用多重参考系法进行三维模拟,对气泡运动的二维模拟则在三维流场中的一个通过搅拌轴的特征平面上进行.这样既能捕获气泡在搅拌流场中运动的基本特征,又能大大降低计算成本.应用VOF方法对气液两相之间的界面进行追踪.通过改变过程中的转速,气泡初始速度、位置和尺寸.以及表面张力和液体粘度,分析了这些因素对于气泡运动与变形的影响.     

涡轮桨搅拌槽内混合特性模拟研究

本文选用多重参考系法对搅拌桨进行模拟.对桨叶倾斜角度为90°(轴流型)、60°、45°和30°时混合效果进行比较,得到45°折叶涡轮搅拌桨的单位体积混合能最低.考察不同监测点对混合效果的响应情况,发现液面监测点混合时间稍长,桨叶部分监测点混合时间最短,随着桨叶倾斜角度增大,不同监测点混合时间差别变大.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.