D-3He系统的聚变点火燃烧过程

 对少高能中子的D-3He聚变系统的点火燃烧过程进行了解析研究，给出了D-3He聚变点火和燃烧条件，并用数值模拟方法计算了几个典型的物理模型，得到了有关的物理图象和一些主要计算结果。研究结果进一步论证了D-3He聚变系统是将来少中子聚变电站的最佳候选者。     

冷聚变的全原子论

早在1989年我首先就以原子分子物理和晶体物理为基础,提出了一个冷聚变机理的初步理论.按照此理论,在晶体中两个氘核可以实现冷聚变,产生超热和聚变产物~4He.在此理论提出后,我们在实验研究中观测到以Pd或Ti为阴极电解重水过程中产生的明显的超热效应与聚变产物~4He.这表明我们提出的理论预言是正确的.但在过去长时间里,仍有很多学者对冷聚变产生的机理一直很不理解.为了对冷聚变机理有一个更清楚的解释,使其易于被理解和接受,我们在过去的20年中进行了反复深入的理论与实验研究.经过进一步深入分析,我们发现晶体中的冷聚变实际上是两个氘原子以全原子状态相互作用而产生的.因此提出了冷聚变的全原子论,并在本文中详细阐述.按照此理论进行分析,发现我们还可以用冷聚变的办法,得到~3He产物.这是很重要的发现,因为我们可以在地面上人造出核能原料~3He,就不一定要跑到月球上面去开采~3He了.     

D-~3He商用堆工作物理参数的空间分析

由于D-~3He聚变堆不要求厚的包层和大的内侧空间,中子壁负载小得多,第一壁几乎是永久性的,维修更换问题减轻。采用低径比有利于电流驱动和较大的等离子体变形和好的垂直稳定性,以便得到大的等离子体电流,因而得到高的β和好的约束。本文从目前普遍采用的堆芯等离子体物理规律为基础,编制了DHE3TOK程序。研究了以D-~3He为燃料,低径比A=2.5工作在第一稳定区的商用堆特点。对它的工作物理参数空间范围进行广泛调查的基础上,提出了需要研究和发展的关键工程技术问题。     

D-3He先进燃料靶惯性约束聚变的燃耗和增益

计算了球形均匀D-3He先进燃料靶惯性约束聚变(ICF)的燃耗和增益。讨论了这种堆系统的能量平 衡。设计了一种新型的由毛细管阵列组成具有抗辐射损伤、可自动更新的液态金属锂自由表面多孔湿壁,用它取 出聚变能。同时与D-T热核燃料靶系统的燃耗和增益及它们不同的堆工程特性作了比较。     

高能聚变产物与燃料粒子间的核加库仑相干散射

在具有较高电子温度的D－^3He聚变等离子体中,强子弹性散射、核加库仑相干散射和核反应产物的传播等效尖变得相对重要,而聚变产生的高能离子与电子的库仑相互作用变弱。部分本底燃料离子被聚变产生的高能离子轰击而成为麦克斯韦分布函数尾部的“超热”燃料离子,从而提高了D-^3He聚变反应。     

聚变堆与聚变堆材料——D-^3He先进燃料靶惯性约束聚变的燃耗和增益

本文研究采用大功率激光束压缩球形均匀D-^3He先进燃料靶聚变，推导和计算了这种惯性约束聚变（ICF）的靶丸燃耗和增益，数值计算表明，只有在小火花内能和较高惯性约束参数HF近似下，对典型的堆系统效率参数，才有可能使D-^3He靶ICF系统有大的净能量输出。相反，在大火花内能和低HF近似下，D-^3He靶ICF系统几乎不可能得到净的能量输出，从而证明了快点火思维方法的科学依据。     

常温核聚变研究进展评述

早在1989年芶清泉教授就以原子分子物理和晶体物理为基础提出了冷聚变机理的理论.按照此理论,在晶体中可以实现冷聚变,产生超热和聚变产物4He.在此理论提出后,我们在实验研究中观测到了以Pd或Tin为阴极电解重水过程中产生的明显的超热效应与聚变产物4He.这表明我们提出的理论预言是正确的,在过去的18年中我们进一步进行了反复深入的理论和实验研究,所得结果将在本文中进行系统总结和讨论.     

高能带电粒子库仑对数量子力学效应研究

 先进燃料D-3He聚变产生的高能带电粒子在本底等离子体中慢化时间的准确性直接影响到能量平衡和高能离子压强的计算结果。结果表明：高能带电粒子与本底等离子体的离子相互作用的库仑对数量子力学效应明显。应使用高能带电粒子库仑对数力学效应来研究聚变产生的高能端部粒子慢化过程；能量大于等于25Z²_iZ²_iA_i keV的高能粒子与本底等离子体中离子的相互作用库仑对数最好也使用量子截断。     

激光聚变内爆D3He质子源的在线诊断系统

提出了一种基于混合像素探测器作为记录介质的用于激光聚变内爆D3He质子源能谱和产额测量的在线磁谱仪诊断系统。通过对探测器上特征团簇数目和能量的识别,结合诊断系统排布,可以快速获取激光聚变反应产生的D3He质子源的能谱和产额。在神光装置上对该诊断系统进行了测试。实验使用31束纳秒激光聚焦到靶丸上驱动聚变反应。靶丸内充有原子比1∶1的D₂和3He的混合气体。在线磁谱仪诊断系统测量到了中心能量在14.6 MeV、半高全宽为2.1 MeV、产额约(2.3±0.13)×109的初级D3He质子能谱。该系统的建立可以实时给出D3He质子源能谱和产额信息,从而更加及时地指导实验的开展。     

HT-7上氘等离子体放电时中子注量的测量与分析

利用三氟化硼（BF₃） 和氦三（3He）正比计数管组成的快速时间分辨中子注量探测系统,对HT-7超导托卡马克上氘等离子体放电时光中子和聚变中子的产生机理进行研究.结合γ射线、硬X射线等相关诊断的实验结果,分析了纯欧姆放电和低杂波辅助加热放电时,中子注量信号随时间演化的典型特征.结果表明：HT-7在投入大功率低杂波辅助加热等离子体放电时,能够产生数量可观的氘-氘（D-D）聚变中子. 关键词： 中子注量 聚变中子 光中子 托卡马克     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.