无偏振效应分束器反射相移对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响

线性双折射和反射相移使光学电流互感器输出光偏振态产生椭圆退化并导致灵敏度降低,法拉第镜式光学电流互感器可以有效解决椭圆退化问题。无偏振效应分束器是构成该方案的核心器件,为了准确掌握无偏振效应分束器的性能和作用,用琼斯矩阵建立了无偏振效应分束器和法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的矩阵模型。分析了无偏振效应分束器反射相移对系统输出光偏振态的影响。提出无偏振效应分束器反射相移的测量方案并测出其常温下的实际值为5.02°,绘制了温度实验曲线。用MathCAD软件仿真了系统输出光偏振态图,并分析了椭率与无偏振效应分束器反射相移的关系。指出计量0.2级光学电流互感器所允许的反射相移漂移范围要小于0.1%。所得结果可为光学电流互感器的实用化研究提供参考。     

Faraday镜预转角对FMOCT输出光偏振态的影响

通过计算机仿真，运用琼斯矩阵理论分析了Faraday镜预转角对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响.实验测量了Faraday镜实际预转角的大小，测量了外磁场的改变对Faraday镜预转角的影响.外磁场的存在和变化使Faraday镜预转角偏离初始值，并使系统输出光由理想状态下的线偏振光退化成椭圆偏振光，并引起法拉第镜式光学电流互感器工作灵敏度和稳定性的下降.提出了用电磁屏蔽解决外界磁场影响的方法.     

基于多层膜偏振元件的软X射线磁光Faraday偏转测量

在北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的3W1B软X射线光束线上利用自行研制的同步辐射软X射线综合偏振测量装置对Ni的M_2,3边附近(60—70 eV)进行了软X射线磁光(magneto-optical)法拉第效应(Faraday effect)的偏转测量,实验装置主要由起偏器,检偏器,样品架,圆形钕铁硼永磁铁和MCP探测器组成,偏振元件(起偏元件和检偏元件)均采用反射式非周期性Mo/Si宽带多层膜.实验采用反射起偏和反射检偏的模式,得到一系列能量范围在60—70 eV间的法拉第偏转角结果, 关键词： 软X射线 磁光Faraday效应 综合偏振测量装置 宽带多层膜     

法拉第调制技术在微小旋转角检测中的应用

在外磁场中的碱金属原子蒸汽在光泵浦的作用下变成非线性介质,线偏振光经过这种介质时会变成椭圆偏振光,且椭偏光的主轴相对于入射偏振光的偏振面会产生一个微小的旋转。分析了碱金属原子能级结构和在光泵浦下产生的二向色性及其对探测偏振激光的偏振面旋转情况,并介绍了法拉第调制技术对这种旋转的测量方法,得到探测光强与旋转角的关系表达式,可以实现10^-7 rad量级的小角度检测。     

一种完整测量膜片法拉第效应和损耗的方法

提出了一种能完整测量零锁区激光陀螺法拉第偏频组件中旋光膜片的法拉第旋光效应和超低损耗的方法和自动测量系统.该方法利用双光路正交分解平衡测量原理,通过测量两柬光光强平衡时起偏器的偏振方向来确定旋光膜片的法拉第转角和超低损耗.测量结果表明:系统对法拉第转角的测量分辨率小于0.9",损耗测量分辨率为10 ppm,环境温度的波动对法拉第转角的测量变化很小,但对膜片超低损耗测量影响很大,温度变化8.1 K,膜片损耗测量值变化一个周期.实验及结果证明,该系统能满足超高精度测量的要求.     

一种完整测量膜片法拉第效应和损耗的方法

提出了一种能完整测量零锁区激光陀螺法拉第偏频组件中旋光膜片的法拉第旋光效应和超低损耗的方法和自动测量系统.该方法利用双光路正交分解平衡测量原理,通过测量两束光光强平衡时起偏器的偏振方向来确定旋光膜片的法拉第转角和超低损耗.测量结果表明：系统对法拉第转角的测量分辨率小于0.9″,损耗测量分辨率为10 ppm.环境温度的波动对法拉第转角的测量变化很小,但对膜片超低损耗测量影响很大,温度变化8.1 K,膜片损耗测量值变化一个周期.实验及结果证明,该系统能满足超高精度测量的要求.     

偏振模色散补偿中的偏振主态与分束器主轴的对准

光纤通信系统的比特率超过10Gb/s或更高时,偏振模色散引起的脉冲信号展宽成为主要障碍.分离光纤线路中的两个偏振模式对于提高偏振模色散补偿的精度和速度有重要意义.讨论了光纤线路中两偏振主态与补偿器中偏振分束器主轴的对准问题,给出了偏振分束器任何一个主轴上光强的表示并推导出相应的电功率信号表示式,建立了电功率与光信号两个模式之间的延迟时间以及偏振主态与分束器主轴相对角度的变化关系.初步实验表明,可以通过偏振控制器或可转动的光纤连接器实现偏振主态与偏振分束器的对准.     

二维磁性光子晶体及其模场分析

利用频域有限差分方法分析了两种二维磁性光子晶体结构(方形和圆形空气孔结构)的模场分布和有效折射率. 结果表明：在该种结构的材料中，原本简并的基模被分为两个不简并的偏振模——左旋模和右旋模，且两种模式的有效折射率不同； 其次，该种结构材料的法拉第旋转角较连续分布的磁光介质有显著增加. 通过选择适当的空气孔参数，方孔结构材料的法拉第旋转角可增大约一个数量级，而圆孔结构可增加4倍左右. 同时发现，当光通过这类材料后偏振态发生了变化，随着法拉第旋转角的增加出射光的椭圆率也在增加. 最后分析了产生这一现象的原因并提出了解决偏振态变化这一问题的方法，即在材料中心处引入缺陷. 关键词： 磁光效应 二维磁性光子晶体 频域有限差分法     

互易性光学量对FMOCT输出光偏振态的联合影响

提出了用于大电流测量的法拉第镜式光学电流互感器方案.采用琼斯矩阵分析了互易性光学量联合作用对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响,做了计算机仿真验证；利用椭率概念定量分析了输出偏振光的椭圆退化问题,计算了输出光椭率与互易性光学量的关系；在输出光的椭圆退化问题上与单层保偏膜式光学电流互感器方案进行了对比.结果表明,在互易性光学量联合作用的条件下,法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的输出光仍保持线偏振状态,这将改善由温度引起的互易性光学量变化对系统工作稳定性的影响.     

Sagnac旋光效应及Sagnac偏振器件的设想

通过将线偏光分成左右圆偏振光导入Sagnac环并沿不同方向传播,推导得2束光再相遇时组成的线偏光相比于初始偏振方向会有旋转,定义此效应为Sagnac旋光效应.利用这一效应设想可以制成通过控制Sagnac环转动来调制经过其传播的光的不同偏振方向.同时通过测量出射光相对于入射光偏振方向的旋转角,也可以得到Sagnac环的旋转角速度,据此也提供了利用Sagnac环制成的光纤陀螺仪进行惯性导航的测量思路.     

High-power electro-optic switch technology based on novel transparent ceramic

A novel high-power polarization-independent electro-optic switch technology based on a reciprocal structure Sagnac interferometer and a transparent quadratic electro-optic ceramic is proposed and analyzed theoretically and experimentally.The electro-optic ceramic is used as a phase retarder for the clockwise and counter-clockwise polarized light, and their polarization directions are adjusted to their orthogonal positions by using two half-wave plates. The output light then becomes polarization-independent with respect to the polarization direction of the input light. The switch characteristics, including splitter ratios and polarization states, are theoretically analyzed and simulated in detail by the matrix multiplication method.An experimental setup is built to verify the analysis and experimental results. A new component ceramic is used and a nonpolarizing cube beam splitter(NPBS) replaces the beam splitter(BS) to lower the ON/OFF voltage to 305 V and improve the extinction ratio by 2 d B. Finally, the laser-induced damage threshold for the proposed switch is measured and discussed.It is believed that potential applications of this novel polarization-independent electro-optic switch technology will be wide,especially for ultrafast high-power laser systems.     

New designs and characteristics analysis of non-polarizing beam splitters

When used at oblique angles of incidence, the reflectance and transmittance of thin films exhibit strong polarization effects, particularly for the films inside a glass cube, which results from the fact that the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields are continuous across each layer interface. However, for many applications, the polarization effects are undesirable and should be reduced. In the present paper, a method for designing a non-polarizing beam splitter (NPBS) in a cube is introduced, based on the Brewster condition. Applied examples of the NPBSs designed employing this method are also researched within specified wavelength ranges. Moreover, the effects of some important parameters, including the incident angle and the material indices, on the NPBS are investigated. Optical property simulations are presented.     

Photonic Crystal Polarizing and Non-Polarizing Beam Splitters

A polarizing beam splitter （PBS） and a non-polarizing beam splitter （NPBS） based on a photonic crystal （PC） directional coupler are demonstrated. The photonic crystal directional coupler consists of a hexagonal lattice of dielectric pillars in air and has a complete photonic band gap. The photonic band structure and the band gap map are calculated using the plane wave expansion （PWE） method. The splitting properties of the splitter are investigated numerically using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method.     

Design of a 50/50 splitting ratio non-polarizing beam splitter based on the modal method with fused-silica transmission gratings

The optical design of a beam splitter that has a 50/50 splitting ratio regardless of the polarization is presented. The non-polarizing beam splitter (NPBS) is based on the fused-silica rectangular transmission gratings with high intensity tolerance. The modal method has been used to estimate the effective index of the modes excited in the grating region for TE and TM polarizations. If a phase difference equals an odd multiples of π/2 for the first two modes (i.e. modes 0 and 1), the incident light will be diffracted into the 0 and ?1 orders with about 50% and 50% diffraction efficiency for TM and TE polarizations, respectively.     

Designs of infrared non-polarizing beam splitters

When used at oblique angles of incidence, the reflectance and transmittance of thin films exhibit strong polarization effects (PEs), particularly for the films inside a glass cube, which result from the fact that the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields are continuous across each layer interface. However, for many applications, the PEs are undesirable and should be reduced. Therefore, the concept of non-polarizing beam splitter (NPBS) is proposed. Up till now, however, most of the reports of NPBSs are suitable for visible light. Therefore, it is necessary to find out some methods to reduce the PEs for infrared applications. A design method of the infrared NPBS in a cube is proposed, the theoretical analysis is given, designs for different substrates are demonstrated and the simulations of their optical properties are presented in this paper.     

Second-order temporal interference of two independent light beams at an asymmetrical beam splitter

The second-order temporal interference of classical and nonclassical light at an asymmetrical beam splitter is discussed based on two-photon interference in Feynman's path integral theory. The visibility of the second-order interference pattern is determined by the properties of the superposed light beams, the ratio between the intensities of these two light beams, and the reflectivity of the asymmetrical beam splitter. Some requirements about the asymmetrical beam splitter have to be satisfied in order to ensure that the visibility of the second-order interference pattern of nonclassical light beams exceeds the classical limit. The visibility of the second-order interference pattern of photons emitted by two independent single-photon sources is independent of the ratio between the intensities. These conclusions are important for the researches and applications in quantum optics and quantum information when an asymmetrical beam splitter is employed.     

Broadband non-polarizing beam splitter based on guided mode resonance effect

A broadband non-polarizing beam splitter (NPBS) operating in the telecommunication C+L band is designed by using the guided mode resonance effect of periodic silicon-on-insulator (SOI) elements. It is shown that this double layer SOI structure can provide ～50/50 beam ratio with the maximum divergences between reflection and transmission being less than 8% over the spectrum of 1.4 μm～1.7 μm and 1% in the telecommunication band for both TE and TM polarizations. The physical basis of this broadband non-polarizing property is on the simultaneous excitation of the TE and TM strong modulation waveguide modes near the designed spectrum band. Meanwhile, the electric field distributions for both TE and TM polarizations verify the resonant origin of spectrum in the periodic SOI structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated with our calculations that the beam splitter proposed here is tolerant to the deviations of incident angle and structure parameters, which make it very easy to be fabricated with current IC technology.