基于互谱相关的光纤光栅波长位移计测方法

针对传统波长位移检测准确度受波长扫描步长限制而无法提升的问题,本文提出一种基于互谱相关原理的粗位移计测与精细位移相结合的计测方法.粗位移计测技术采用相关检测原理,可实现宽动态测量范围;精细位移计测技术采用互谱检测原理,可实现高准确度测量;两者的结合实现了动态范围和检测准确度的同步提升.该方法实现了对光纤光栅的波长位移量的直接计测,而无需对光纤光栅中心波长绝对数值进行标定,减小了系统误差影响;同时采用平滑滤波法进行数据处理,消除了检测系统中的随机干扰.系统仿真结果表明,该方法解决了波长扫描步长对检测准确度的限制问题,波长位移计测准确度提升了三个数量级.采用新方法进行了0~60g范围内光纤光栅纵向荷载测量实验,测得纵向荷载灵敏度为13.2pm/g,表明该方法对实测数据具有较好的适用性.     

基于局部区域灰度矩图像边缘定位方法的研究

在采用机器视觉测量零件尺寸的过程中,提出了一种基于局部区域灰度矩图像边缘定位方法。该方法先利用中值滤波对采集到的图像进行处理,然后通过Prewitt算子对边缘进行初步定位,在此基础上,对图像边缘附近的9个像素的灰度值进行一维灰度矩定位,最后采用误差分析和处理的方法,获得更精确的边缘位置。实验证明,该方法能有效提高边缘检测精度,在检测分辨率为1000DPI情况下,尺寸检测误差小于2um。     

共轭涡旋光干涉精密位移测量方法与系统

为实现高精度大量程精密位移测量，提出了一种基于涡旋光共轭干涉的精密位移测量方法。通过建立位移过程中涡旋光共轭干涉图样的旋转角弧度与位移之间的数学关系，实现了对旋转角弧度的精确提取，得到了高精度的精密位移测量结果。基于该原理对测量方案进行了光学系统设计与仿真，研制了实验系统并进行了实验测试。当标准位移为20 nm时，实验测量结果的误差为25 pm，相对误差为0.13%，证明了所提亚纳米级精密位移测量方案的有效性。所提系统还可通过计量干涉图样旋转圈数进行大测量范围的精密位移测量。实验结果表明，所提方案可在30μm范围内实现精密位移测量。     

基于计算机视觉的屏板精密定位系统研究

针对荫罩式等离子显示器屏板定位的特点, 研制开发了一套基于计算机视觉的荫罩式等离子显示器屏板精密定位系统, 系统以工业控制计算机为核心, 取CCD信号为控制信号, 由微机控制实现高精度位置检测及全自动精密定位, 从而实现等离子显示器前基板、荫罩和后基板三者之间的全自动精密定位。采用的快速图像边缘检测技术、特征图形标识识别技术和精密驱动控制技术, 可有效提高位置检测信号的灵敏度及定位速度。系统在软、硬件方面采取的一系列抗干扰措施, 确保了较高的定位精度及工作可靠性。实验结果表明, 基于计算机视觉的精密定位系统可获得±5μm的精密定位, 对荫罩式等离子体显示器的产业化具有重要的实用价值。     

基于视觉的车辆与轨道相对振动状态测量方法研究

车辆与轨道相对振动状态对轨道线形测量有重要影响;分析了传统检测车辆与轨道相对振动状态测量方法的缺陷,提出一种基于视觉的车轨相对振动状态测量方法,以轨道建立世界坐标系,以车体建立车体坐标系。考虑相机镜头畸变,建立相机非线性模型,基于机器人手眼方法标定相机与车体,求解相机内外参数。依据车体运动姿态特征,推导基于双目机器视觉的车辆运动姿态偏移补偿计算方法;运用实验平台设计验证实验,通过计算所得的车体振动位移与真实值高度吻合,随着车速增加振动位移误差也随之增大,验证了该方法的正确性和可行性;提供一种车辆与轨道相对振动状态测量方法。     

大口径反射镜加工机床在线检测高精度对准方法

本文提出了基于特殊点对靶标的快速对准装置,实现机床加工臂和检测臂初始扫描位置自动高精度复位。靶标由外围区域四组放大倍率标定点对和中心区域大小对准点对组成;对准装置经初次使用前的畸变校正后,每次自动识别靶标区域完成自动对焦;根据外围点对进行放大倍率标定;自动识别中心大小点对并对其进行坐标定位;根据当前点对靶标位置计算与理想位置角度量和平移量偏差,指导机床转台和导轨互相配合,迭代调整直至完成精确对准。实验表明该方法对准精度约为5 μm,优于几十μm的机械定位精度,更利于实现超高精度光学加工的快速收敛,提高大口径反射镜加工效率。     

基于莫尔信号的精密位移测量与控制的研究

应用光衍射理论分析了一种纳米级位移分辨率的双级衍射光栅测量系统,建立了衍射莫尔信号与对应位移的数学模型,并通过计算机仿真对莫尔信号的位移特性进行了研究。在此基础上构建了一套精密位移测量与控制装置,取差动零次激光莫尔信号为控制信号,由微机控制实现高精度位移检测及全自动精密定位。实验结果表明,基于激光莫尔信号的精密检测与控制装置可获得得5nm的位移分辨率及±0.4μm的定位精度。     

椭圆形平面镜的高精度面形重构技术

为了实现大口径椭圆形光学平面镜的高精度面形测量,提升大口径望远镜系统的像质,本文对椭圆形平面反射镜面形的绝对检测算法进行了研究。首先,对椭圆形镜面进行了多项式正交化拟合研究。接着,对绝对检测算法进行了理论研究,利用正交化绝对检测算法可以有效分离参考镜与待测镜的面形误差,从而实现待测椭圆形平面镜面的高精度面形重构。为了证明上述方法的实际检测精度,本文对250 mm×300 mm的椭圆形镜面进行了绝对检测模拟与检测实验。对参考镜面形精度不高的情况进行了仿真计算,实验中利用光阑在Zygo300 mm口径标准平面镜头中选取250 mm×300 mm椭圆形检测区域,采用150 mm口径Zygo干涉仪对上述椭圆形区域完成绝对检测,并基于上述正交化绝对检测算法对椭圆形平面镜实现了面形重构。实验结果表明,利用本文所述方法可以实现参考镜与椭圆形待测镜面的面形误差分离,绝对检测结果的残差图RMS(Root-mean square)值为0.29 nm,证明了本文所述方法的可行性。利用上述方法可以实现椭圆形平面反射镜的高精度面形重构。     

一种基于实心圆靶标的立体视觉系统标定方法

针对立体视觉系统中快速高精度标定等问题,提出一种基于实心圆靶标的立体视觉系统标定方法。使用Canny-Zernike组合算法实现圆心坐标的亚像素定位,并给出基于三角形标记的圆心排序方法。为减少计算复杂度,分别对左右摄像机内外参数进行Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)优化,使得优化变量数目减半,并获得外参数近似解。以实心圆靶标对角线上两实心圆的距离作为约束条件,对摄像机外参数进行LM优化,获得外参数最优解。编译基于实心圆靶标的立体视觉系统标定软件,并进行实验研究。结果表明,该标定方法具有较高的精度,能实现自动化标定,具有工程应用性。     

一种光学频率梳绝对测距的新方法

采用光学频率梳的高精度绝对距离测量技术在航空航天、科学研究和工业生产等领域都发挥着重要作用.提出一种利用光学频率梳技术,通过检测光强实现绝对距离测量的新方法,研究了光学频率梳发出脉冲的时间相干性,分析了光强与被测距离之间的关系、干涉条纹峰值点位置与被测距离之间的关系.建立了基于Michelson干涉原理的测距系统,通过测量光强信息得到被测距离.以高精度纳米位移平台的位移量作为长度基准进行了绝对测距实验,在每个被测距离点都重复进行了10次实验,将10次实验测得的光强值取平均后用于距离的计算.实验结果表明,该方法可以实现绝对距离测量,在10μm测量范围内,最大误差为47 nm.因此,该方法可以应用于大尺寸高精度的绝对距离测量.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.