Relaxation Dynamics in Condensation on Weighted Scale-Free Networks

Most of the realistic networks are weighted scale-free networks. How this structure influences the condensation on it is a challenging problem. Recently, we make a first step to discuss its condensation [Phys. Rev. E 74 （2006） 036101] and here we focus on its evolutionary process of phase transition. In order to show how the weighted transport influences the dynamical properties, we study the relaxation dynamics in a zero range process on weighted scale-free networks. We find that there is a hierarchical relaxation dynamics in the evolution and there is a scaling relation between the relaxation time and the jumping exponent. The relaxation dynamics can be illustrated by a mean-field equation. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by our numerical simulations.     

Envelope Periodic Solutions to Bose-Einstein Condensation in Linear Magnetic Field and Time-Dependent Laser Field

In this paper, by applying the extended 3acobi elliptic function expansion method, the envelope periodic solutions and corresponding dark soliton solution, bright soliton solution to Bose-Einstein condensation in linear magnetic field and time-dependent laser field are obtained.     

Bose-Einstein Condensation in Linear Sigma Model at Hartree Approximation

The BEG of charged pions is investigated in the framework of O（4） linear sigma model. By using Cornwall- Jackiw-Tomboufis formalism, we have derived the gap equations for the effective masses of the mesons at finite temperature and finite isospin density. The critical temperature and phase diagram of BEG are discussed in the non-chiral limit at Hartree approximation.     

K^- Condensation in Neutron Star Matter with △ Quartet

In the framework of relativistic mean field theory, the condensations of K^- and K^0 in neutron star matter including baryon octet and △ quartet are studied. We find that in this case K^- and K^0 condensations can occur at relative shallow optical potential depth of K^ from -80 MeV to -160 MeV. Both K^- and K^0 condensations favor the appearances of △ resonances. With K^- condensations all the △ quartet can appear well inside the maximum mass stars. The appearances of △ resonances change the composition and distribution of particles at high densities. The populations of △ resonances can enhance K^- condensation. It is found that in the core of massive neutron stars, neutron star matter includes rich particle species, such as antikaons, baryon octet, and △ quartet. In the presence of △ resonances and K^- condensation, the EOS becomes softer and results in smaller maximum mass stars. Furthermore the impact of antikaon condensations, hyperons, and △ resonances on direct Urca process with nucleons is also discussed briefly.     

Electro-optical properties cholesteric liquid of polymer stabilized crystal film＊

Liquid crystals （LCs） and polymers are extensively used in various electro-optical applications. In this paper, normal mode polymer stabilized cholesteric LC film is prepared and studied. The effects of chiral dopant and monomer concentrations on the electro-optical properties, such as contrast ratio, driving voltage, hysteresis width and response time, are investigated. The reasons of electro-optical properties influenced by the concentrations of the materials are discussed. Through the proper material recipe, the electro-optical properties of polymer stabilized cholesteric LC film can be optimized.     

α-decay half-lives of superheavy nuclei and general predictions

The generalized liquid drop model （GLDM） and the cluster model have been employed to calculate the α-decay half-lives of superheavy nuclei （SHN） using the experimental α-decay Q values. The results of the cluster model are slightly poorer than those from the GLDM if experimental Q values are used. The prediction powers of these two models with theoretical Q values from Audi et al. （QAudi） and Muntian et al. （QM） have been tested to find that the cluster model with QAudi and QM could provide reliable results for Z 〉 112 but the GLDM with QAudi for Z 112. The half-lives of some still unknown nuclei are predicted by these two models and these results may be useful for future experimental assignment and identification.     

Study on gamma response function of E J301 organic liquid scintillator with GEANT4 and FLUKA

The gamma response function is required for energy calibration of EJ301 （5 cm in diameter and 20 cm in height） organic liquid scintillator detector by means of gamma sources. The GEANT4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation packages were used to simulate the response function of the detector for standard 22Na, 60Co, 137Cs gamma sources. The simulated results showed a good agreement with experimental data by incorporating the energy resolution function to simulation codes. The energy resolution and the position of the maximum Compton electron energy were obtained by comparing measured light output distribution with simulated one. The energy resolution of the detector varied from 21.2% to 12.4% for electrons in the energy region from 0.341 MeV to 1.12 MeV. The accurate position of the maximum Compton electron energy was determined at the position 81% of maximum height of Compton edges distribution. In addition, the relation of the electron energy calibration and the effective neutron detection thresholds were described in detail. The present results indicated that both packages were suited for studying the gamma response function of EJ301 detector.     

Two-Dimensional Spatial Solitons in Nematic Liquid Crystals

We study the propagation of spatial solitons in nematic liquid crystals, using the self-similar method. Analytical solutions in the form of self-similar solitons are obtained exactly. We confirm the stability of these solutions by direct numerical simulation, and find that the stable spatial solitons can exist in various forms, such as Oaussian solitons, radially symmetric solitons, multipole solitons, and soliton vortices.     

Oxygen quenching in a LAB based liquid scintillator and the nitrogen bubbling model

The oxygen quenching effect in a Linear Alkl Benzene （LAB） based liquid scintillator （LAB as the solvent, 3 g/L 2, 5 diphe-nyloxazole （PPO） as the fluor and 15 mg/L p-bis-（o-methylstyryl）-benzene （bis-MSB） as the h-shifter） is studied by measuring the light yield as a function of the nitrogen bubbling time. It is shown that the light yield of the fully purged liquid scintillator is increased by 11% at room temperature and the room atmospheric pressure. A simple nitrogen bubbling model is proposed to describe the relationship between the relative light yield （oxygen quenching factor） and the bubbling time.     

Gound State Properties of Nuclei in ^295118 α-Decay Chain

The properties of nuclei belonging to the α-decay chain of superheavy element ^295118 have been studied in the framework of axially deformed relativistic mean field （RMF） theory with the parameter set of NL-Z2 in the blocked BCS approximation. Some ground state properties such as binding energies, deformations, and α-decay energies Qα have been obtained and agree well with those from finite-range droplet model （FRDM）. The single-particle spectra of nuclei in ^295118 α-decay chain show that the shell gaps present obviously nucleon number dependence. The root-mean-square （rms） radii of proton, neutron and matter distributions change slowly from ^283112 to ^295118 but dramatically from ^279110 to ^283112, which may be due to the subshell closure at Z = 110 in ^279110. The α-decay half-lives in 295118 decay chain are evaluated by employing the cluster model and the generalized liquid drop model （GLDM）, and the overall agreement is found when they are compared with the known experimental data. The α-decay lifetimes obtained from the cluster model are slightly larger than those of GLDM ones. Finally, we predict the α-decay half-lives of Z=118, 116, 114, 112 isotopes using the cluster model and GLDM, which also indicate these two models can corroborate each other in studies on superheavy nuclei. The results from GLDM are always lower than those obtained from the cluster model.     

Exploring FeSe-based superconductors by liquid ammonia method

Our recent progress on the preparation of a series of new FeSe-based superconductors and the clarification of SC phases in potassium-intercalated iron selenides are reviewed here. By the liquid ammonia method, metals Li, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Yb are intercalated in between FeSe layers and form superconductors with transition temperatures of 30 K～46 K, which cannot be obtained by high-temperature routes. In the potassium-intercalated iron selenides, we demonstrate that at least two SC phases exist, K x Fe 2 Se 2 (NH 3 ) y (x ≈ 0.3 and 0.6), determined mainly by the concentration of potassium. NH 3 has little, if any, effect on superconductivity, but plays an important role in stabilizing the structures. All these results provide a new starting point for studying the intrinsic properties of this family of superconductors, especially for their particular electronic structures.     

Measurement of the friction coefficient of a fluctuating contact line using an AFM-based dual-mode mechanical resonator

A dual-mode mechanical resonator using an atomic force microscope （AFM） as a force sensor is developed. The resonator consists of a long vertical glass fiber with one end glued onto a rectangular cantilever beam and the other end immersed through a liquid-air interface. By measuring the resonant spectrum of the modified AFM cantilever, one is able to accurately determine the longitudinal friction coefficient ξv along the fiber axis associated with the vertical oscillation of the hanging fiber and the traversal friction coefficient ξh perpendicular to the fiber axis associated with the horizontal swing of the fiber around its joint with the cantilever. The technique is tested by measurement of the friction coefficient of a fluctuating （and slipping） contact line between the glass fiber and the liquid interface. The experiment verifies the theory and demonstrates its applications. The dual-mode mechanical resonator provides a powerful tool for the study of the contact line dynamics and the rheological property of anisotropic fluids.     

Magneto-optical effect of TEB30A liquid crystal doped with thulium oxides

The influences of an external magnetic field on the optical properties of the TEB30A nematic liquid crystal doped with thulium oxides （Gd203, Dy203, Nd203, Y203, and Sm203） are studied. It is shown that a magnetic field applied parallelly to the sample cell surface leads to the rotational orientation of mesogenes. All samples except for the sample doped with Sm203 nanoparticles undergo structural deformations. The behavior of the TEB30A/Sm203 differs from those of the TEB30A liquid crystal doped with other four nanoparticles. The presence of Sm203 nanoparticles in the TEB30A liquid crystal does not cause the structural deformation of the liquid crystal matrix. At the same time, the anchoring type of the liquid crystal molecules on the nanoparticle surface is different. The director n is parallel to the magnetic moment/~ in the TEB30A/Sm203, and inclined to the magnetic moment/~ in the TEB30A/Nd203, and perpendicular to the magnetic moment/~ in each of TEB30A/Gd203, TEB30A/Dy203, and TEB30A/Y203. Besides, the dependence of the structural deformation on the critical magnetic field for the TEB30A is obtained.     

Determining the sum of flexoelectric coefficients in nematic liquid crystals by the capacitance method

A detailed theoretical analysis of determining the sum of flexoelectric coefficients in nematic liquid crystals using the capacitance method is given. In the strong anchoring parallel aligned nematic （PAN） and hybrid aligned nematic （HAN） cells, the dependences of the capacitance on the sum of flexoelectric coefficients and the applied voltage are obtained by numerical simulations, and the distributions of the director and the electric potential for different applied voltages and flexoelectric coefficients are also given. Based on this theoretical analysis, we propose an experimental design for measuring the capacitance of a liquid crystal cell using the improved precision LCR meter E4980A （Agilent）. Through comparing the experimental data with the simulated results, the sum of flexoeletric coefficients can be determined.     

Measurement of the response function and the detection effciency of an organic liquid scintillator for neutrons between 1 and 30 MeV

The light output function of a φ50.8 mm×50.8 mm BC501A scintillation detector was measured in the neutron energy region of 1 to 30 MeV by fitting the pulse height （PH） spectra for neutrons with the simulations from the NRESP code at the edge range. Using the new light output function, the neutron detection effciency was determined with two Monte-Carlo codes, NEFF and SCINFUL. The calculated effciency was corrected by comparing the simulated PH spectra with the measured ones. The determined effciency was verified at the near threshold region and normalized with a Proton-Recoil-Telescope （PRT） at the 8-14 MeV energy region.     

Energy calibration of a BC501A liquid scintillator using a γ-γ coincidence technique

An accurate energy calibration of a BC501A liquid scintillator by means of Compton scattering of γ-rays is described.The energy resolution and the position of the Compton edge have been precisely determined using a γ-γ coincidence technique and fitting the coincidence spectrum with a Gaussian function superimposed on a quadratic polynomial for the background.The position of the Compton edge relative to the position of the maximum and the half height of the distribution in dependence on the relevant energy resolution is discussed in detail.The results indicate that the maximum energy of the recoil Compton electron does not occur at the half height distribution but at 0.90±0.05 of the maximum height in the energy range considered.The energy resolution varies from 15.6% to 8.02% for electrons in the energy region from 0.5 MeV to 3 MeV.     

The stress field and energy of screw dislocation in smectic A liquid crystals and the mistakes of the classical solution

The mistakes in the classical solution of a screw dislocation in smectic A liquid crystals are pointed out. A serious problem with the well-known theory is pointed, which may be named de Gennes-Kleman-Pershan paradox and has existed for many decades in the scientific community of liquid crystal study. The correct solution is given in this paper by a simplest, elementary, and straight forward method. In connection with this, the stress field and energy of dislocation are discussed in detail. The present article provides the correct stress field and dislocation energy as well.     

Development of the liquid level meters for the PandaX dark matter detector

The two-phase xenon detector is at the frontier of dark matter direct search. This kind of detector uses liquid xenon as the sensitive target and is operated in two-phase （liquid/gas） mode, where the liquid level needs to be monitored and controlled in sub-millimeter precision. In this paper, we present a detailed design and study of two kinds of level meters for the PandaX dark matter detector. The long level meter is used to monitor the overall liquid level while short level meters are used to monitor the inclination of the detector. These level meters are cylindrical capacitors that are custom-made from two concentric metal tubes. Their capacitance values are read out by a universal transducer interface chip and are recorded by the PandaX slow control system. We present the developments that lead to level meters with long-term stability and sub-millimeter precision. Fluctuations （standard deviations） of less than 0.02 mm for the short level meters and less than 0.2 mm for the long level meter were achieved during a few days of test operation.     

Remarks on interpretations of the Eotvos experiment and misinterpretation of E=mc^2

The Eotvos experiment on the verification of equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass of a body is famous for its accuracy. A question is, however, can these experimental results be applied to the case of a physical space in general relativity, where the space coordinates could be arbitrary？ It is pointed out that it can be validly applied because it has been proven that Einstein＇s equivalence principle for a physical space must have a frame of reference with the Euclidean-like structure. Will claimed further that such an overall accuracy can be translated into an accuracy of the equivalence between inertial mass and each type of energy. It is shown that, according to general relativity, such a claim is incorrect. The root of this problem is due to an inadequate understanding of special relativity that produced the famous equation E=mc^2, which must be understood in terms of energy conservation. Concurrently, it is pointed out that this error is a problem in Will＇s book, ‘Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics＇.     

Status and accuracy of the Monte Carlo generators for luminosity measurements

The status and accuracy of the precision Monte Carlo generators used for luminosity measurements at flavour factories is reviewed. It is shown that, thanks to a considerable, long-term effort in tuned comparisons between the predictions of independent programs, as well as in the validation of the generators against the presently available calculations of the next-to-next-to-leading order QED corrections to Bhabha scattering, the theoretical accuracy reached by the most precise tools is of about one per mille. This error estimate is valid for realistic experimental cuts, appears to be quite robust and is already sufficient for very accurate luminosity measurements. However, recent progress and possible advances to further improve it are also discussed.