氮气在MCM-41中毛细凝聚的模拟和理论研究

采用巨正则系综 Monte Carlo 方法(GCMC)以及基于扩展基本度量理论和 MBWR 状态方程的密度泛函理论,研究了 77.4 K 时氮气在不同孔径的 MCM-41 分子筛中吸附的密度分布和吸附等温线.提出的平均场权重密度泛函理论,克服了平均场近似预测主体相热力学性质时的偏差,获得的密度分布和吸附等温线与 GCMC 分子模拟结果有着很好的一致性.     

α-Al_2O_3介孔材料导热特性的模拟

本文针对α-Al2O3有序介孔材料的导热特性开展分子动力学模拟分析.提出了一种保证电中性的孔道结构构造方法;采用逆非平衡分子动力学方法(muller-plathe法),选取Matsui势为作用势,模拟计算了Al2O3介孔晶体材料在不同环境温度下沿孔道轴向方向的热导率;并借助全面实验分析法,设计了模拟条件,以考察孔径和孔隙率对热导率的影响.模拟结果显示:介孔Al2O3热导率先随温度的升高呈上升趋势,并在200—400 K之间取得极值;而后在400—1400 K范围内,热导率随温度的升高几乎呈线性下降.孔隙率一定时,随孔径增大,介孔Al2O3材料比表面积降低,界面散射的抑制作用减弱,使材料热导率略有上升;孔径一定时,随孔隙率上升,孔道壁面声子数减少,材料热导率下降明显;相对于孔径因素,材料孔隙率对声子导热影响更大.     

超声波酸性体系下MCM-41的合成及表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,以超声波为辅助手段于酸性介质中制备出了MCM-41介孔分子筛,采用XRD、TEM、FTIR等手段对样品进行了分析表征.结果表明,所合成样品具备MCM-41所特有的六方排列的一维孔道结构和较高的有序度,所合成的MCM-41平均粒径为11nm,孔径约为2.7nm.     

荧光光谱法研究左氧氟沙星与MCM-41的相互作用

采用微波辅助水热法制备介孔分子筛MCM-41,并用浸渍法将左氧氟沙星(LVFX)组装在MCM-41均一的六方形孔道中,制备出新型载药复合物LVFX/MCM-41。用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、低温氮吸附、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及差热-热重(TGA-DTA)分析对MCM-41以及LVFX/ MCM-41复合物进行表征,合成的介孔分子筛MCM-41的孔径为2.382 nm,比表面积为1 015 m2·g-1。对MCM-41、LVFX/MCM-41、LVFX(固态)及LVFX(溶液)的荧光光谱研究结果显示,LVFX/MCM-41的荧光光谱比组装前发生明显红移,表明MCM-41孔道内表面的羟基和LVFX形成氢键,羟基上的电子云向LVFX分子上的吸电子基团转移;同时MCM-41和LVFX之间形成新环,使电子云能在更大的环上移动,药物分子的共轭体系扩大,荧光光谱峰红移。MCM-41与左氧氟沙星之间强的相互作用为研发以MCM-41为载体的新型释药系统提供了理论依据。     

罗丹明6G/MCM-41纳米复合物的发光蓝移

介孔分子筛MCM-41具有规则排列的纳米量级的孔道，可以作为宿主封装其他材料。利用这一性质，将激光染料罗丹明6G分子封装在介孔分子筛MCM-41中形成了纳米复合物。用透射电镜、小角度X射线衍射和荧光光谱等方法对纳米复合物的性质进行了分析。用波长为480nm的光对纳米复合物进行激发，得到的发光峰为531nm。与无限稀罗丹明6G乙醇溶液的发光峰相比，这一发光峰有15nm的蓝移和明显的宽化。我们认为当罗丹明6G分子封装在MCM-41的介孔中时，罗丹明6G分子与介孔分子筛孔道表面分子之间存在较强的相互作用(包括氢键、静电吸引等)，导致电子云被局域在具有较强吸引力的分子筛表面原子周围。引起激发态能量升高，发光峰蓝移。     

介孔材料MCM-41的导热研究

文章根据二氧化硅介孔材料MCM-41纳米孔结构特点,首先建立和验证了纳米结构单元模型,然后使用平衡分子动力学方法模拟了孔壁热导率;接着耦合孔隙内气体导热,开展了一维传热分析,最终提炼出MCM-41的有效热导率表达式;并对壁厚、孔径和孔隙率对热导率的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,MCM-41具有良好的绝热性能,其有效热导率随孔隙率增大近似呈线性减小,且表现出各向异性;导热性能沿孔道长度方向表现出准一维特性. 关键词： 有效热导率 介孔材料 MCM-41 平衡分子动力学     

YK-1活性炭平衡储氢特性分析

文中基于氢在椰壳活性炭YK-1上的平衡吸附数据,以探寻氢在碳基材料上适宜存储条件为目的,研究吸附氢分子间相互作用能随储存系统温度、压力、表面遮盖率的变化规律。首先,依据容积法的原理,在温度区间113K—293K、压力范围0—13MPa测试氢在YK-1椰壳活性炭上的吸附等温线。其次,应用格子理论推导通用吸附等温方程,通过等温方程的线性标绘确定氢分子在吸附表面的最大浓度,并由氢分子在活性炭典型吸附空间内受到的壁面作用势函数迭代求解氢分子受到的壁面作用势,进而获得与各吸附平衡态对应的氢分子间相互作用能。最后,根据氢分子间作用能随温度、表面遮盖率等的变化关系,分析氢分子在此活性炭上吸附的特点。     

(纳米MCM-41)-CdS主-客体复合材料的制备及光学性质

以水热法制备了纳米微粒MCM-41分子筛，通过离子交换法将Cd(II)交换到分子筛中，然后采用硫代乙酰胺作硫化氢前驱体对(MCM-41)-Cd进行硫化，制备出主-客体复合材料(MCM-41)-CdS．化学分析表明，客体成功地组装到分子筛中．粉末X射线衍射结果表明，组装过程并未破坏所制备的主-客体材料中分子筛的骨架，分子筛骨架完整且结晶度仍然很高．红外光谱表明所制备材料骨架保持完好．低温N2吸附-解吸附研究表明，相对于MCM-41分子筛主体所制备的复合材料孔体积、孔尺寸及比表面积降低，表明客体在分子筛孔道内组装成功．制备的主-客体复合材料固体扩散漫反射吸收光谱相对于CdS体相呈现某些蓝移，说明客体处于分子筛孔道内，也表明分子筛主体对纳米硫化镉客体表现出明显的立体限域效应．(纳米MCM-41)-CdS及(微米MCM-41)-CdS样品呈现明显发光．     

壁面粗糙度对油-水-固三相接触线的影响

本文建立了十二烷-水-石墨壁面系统的分子动力学模型,通过分析微观接触角、油水分子在壁面的吸附特性及水分子吸附能研究了壁面粗糙度对油-水固三相接触线的影响。模拟结果表明,壁面凸起的存在会减弱其对油水分子的吸附强度,因此水侧壁面有凸起时水侧接触角增大,而油侧壁面有凸起时水侧接触角减小;壁面吸附油分子平行于壁面排列,壁面凸起结构对其影响不大;凸起结构的存在使壁面吸附水分子的定向排布趋势减弱,吸附强度和稳定性降低。     

ZnO/MCM-41复合材料的制备及其光谱性质

以硅酸钠(NaSiO3·9H2O)为硅源,三甲基十六烷基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂在碱性条件下水热合成介孔分子筛MCM-41,然后以其为主体,采用锌盐浸渍-灼烧的方法.在介孔分子筛MCM-41上负载了氧化锌(ZnO)纳米微粒,并通过扫描电子显微镜,红外光谱(1R).紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis),N2-吸附脱附和荧光光谱等手段对产品进行了系列表征.结果表明,分子筛平均直径约为1.7μm,对不同温度下灼烧后得到的ZnO/MCM-41组装体的光谱性质进行研究表明介孔分子筛MCM-41的尺寸所限,制备出的ZnO粒子粒径小于2 nm.量子尺寸效应使得ZnO/MCM-41组装体中的ZnO纳米粒子的紫外可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱均发生蓝移.通过红外光谱分析得知ZnO负载到MCM-41上并没有改变介孔分子筛原有的骨架结构.     

Oxidation of ferrocene molecules adsorbed in MCM-41

A mesoporous silica material MCM-41 was synthesized under two different conditions, and ferrocene molecules were adsorbed into one-dimensional pores formed in MCM-41. The pore sizes were determined to be 0.9 and 2.8 nm for the MCM-41 synthesized under an acidic and a basic condition, respectively. The formation of paramagnetic ferricinium ions was observed after the adsorption into pores by ESR, magnetic susceptibility and ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer measurements. Spin densities attributable to ferricinium ions in the pores are estimated to be 0.74 and 0.065 in MCM-41 synthesized under an acidic and a basic condition, respectively. It was shown that the oxidation of ferrocene molecules to ferricinium ions in MCM-41 prepared in an acid solution is faster than that in base at ambient temperature and pressure.     

局限空间中水的相变与动态学研究

在本篇论文中,主要讨论水分子在局限空间中的运动及相变行为,所使用的方法为双量子过滤核磁共振光谱及T₁反转回覆光谱,体系为利用MCM-41吸附不同量的重水. 本研究中所使用的这两种光谱方法各有其独特之处,其中双量子过滤核磁共振光谱是利用被吸附的重水分子中氘核残余四极作用力所产生双量子讯号进行侦测,因此是特别针对表面吸附的水分子进行观测, 而T₁反转回覆光谱则是侦测整体孔洞內水分子的行为,借由两种光谱的谱线分析相互比对,得到在MCM-41內各层水分子对温度变化的完整动态学行为. 在描述表面水分子运动上,采用的是修改过的锥体模型,主要将水分子分成相对其对称轴的摇摆运动及旋转运动,在研究中发现,表面水分子是被MCM-41表面单独的SiOH所吸附,比例上为一个水分子对一个SiOH,而表面分子的运动会受到第二层水分子的形成与否所影响,一但第二层水分子 的量够多时,其平移扩散运动会借由碰撞影响表面水分子的摇摆运动,而且在孔洞中属于非表面吸附的水分子,在随温度变化至240~250 K之间时会有相变发生,相变的温度则会随水量充填在MCM-41內的多寡而改变,当水分子越多时,因为彼此间空间有限,使得氢键网路结构与一般正常在大量水分子体系的结构有些相异,因此使得相变温度会随之下降. 除此之外,本研究中亦提出不同的双量子过滤核磁共振脉冲序列以及不同的模型来讨论.     

Optical properties of (nanometer MCM-41)-(malachite green) composite materials

Nanosized materials loaded with organic dyes are of interest with respect to novel optical applications. The optical properties of malachite green (MG) in MCM-41 are considerably influenced by the limited nanoporous channels of nanometer MCM-41. Nanometer MCM-41 was synthesized by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the source of silica and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) as the template. The liquid-phase grafting method has been employed for incorporation of the malachite green molecules into the channels of nanometer MCM-41. A comparative study has been carried out on the adsorption of the malachite green into modified MCM-41 and unmodified MCM-41. The modified MCM-41 was synthesized using a silylation reagent, trimethychlorosilane (TMSCl), which functionalized the surface of nanometer MCM-41 for proper host-guest interaction. The prepared (nanometer MCM-41)-MG samples have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique at 77 K, Raman spectra and luminescence studies. In the prepared (nanometer MCM-41)-MG composite materials, the frameworks of the host molecular sieve were kept intact and the MG located inside the pores of MCM-41. Compared with the MG, it is found that the prepared composite materials perform a considerable luminescence. The excitation and emission spectra of MG in both modified MCM-41 and unmodified MCM-41 were examined to explore the structural effects on the optical properties of MG. The results of luminescence spectra indicated that the MG molecules existed in monomer form within MCM-41. However, the luminescent intensity of MG incorporated in the modified MCM-41 are higher than that of MG encapsulated in unmodified MCM-41, which may be due to the anchored methyl groups on the channels of the nanometer MCM-41 and the strong host-guest interactions. The steric effect from the pore size of the host materials is significant. Raman spectra firmly demonstrated the stable form obtained after the MG incorporation into the nanometer MCM-41. Therefore, nanometer MCM-41 appears to have a good potential for its use as a support for dyes and the (nanometer MCM-41)-MG composite materials may give a wide optical application.     

Adsorption characterization of surfactant-templated ordered mesoporous silicas synthesized with and without hydrothermal treatment

This work reports a systematic study of ordered mesoporous silicas (OMSs) synthesized with and without hydrothermal treatment at 373 K for a series of surfactants of different alkyl chain length (from C10 to C18). For these samples nitrogen adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data were measured to characterize their adsorption and surface properties. Namely, nitrogen adsorption isotherms were used to evaluate their specific surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution, whereas SAXS data provided information about their structural ordering. It is shown that while the room temperature synthesis afforded OMS samples with cubic MCM-48 structure, an additional 5-day hydrothermal treatment of these samples at 373 K caused their transformation to MCM-41 (two-dimensional hexagonal structure) and improved their pore uniformity, which was manifested by reducing the width of pore size distribution.     

Melting of Naphthalene Confined in Mesoporous Silica MCM-41

The ²H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solid-echo spectra of naphthalene molecules as guests in the mesopores of neat MCM-41 with a pore width of 3.3 nm were measured in the temperature regime from 180 to 250 K. A strong reduction of the melting point of the naphthalene molecules by 152 K is observed. The line shape changes in the melting region were simulated with two different models, namely, the model of a narrow distribution of activation energies, which is typical for a crystal-like phase, and a two-phase model. Both models indicate a relatively narrow distribution of melting points of the naphthalene molecules inside the pores, indicative of a rather well-defined structure of the naphthalene molecules inside the pores. This finding supports the proposal of a plastic crystalline phase previously proposed by other groups.     

A simple and fast sonication procedure to remove surfactant templates from mesoporous MCM-41

We demonstrate a sonication procedure for the removal of structure-directing micellar templates from mesoporous MCM-41. The method uses a 28 KHz ultrasound in an alcoholic solvent for disrupting micellar aggregation of the surfactant molecules, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, which have filled the pores of the as-synthesized MCM-41. The majority (93%) of the surfactant molecules are removed out from the powder MCM-41 within a 15 min one-step sonication at a moderate temperature of 40°C. The structural and textural characterization techniques reveal that the resulted surfactant-free MCM-41 exhibits higher features compared to that of those obtained using the conventional calcinations approaches. The surfactant molecules are released into alcohol and can be recovered for reuse. This study provides an easy, cost-effective, mild and useful method for template removal from mesoporous materials at conventional conditions.     

Adsorptive removal and kinetics of methylene blue from aqueous solution using NiO/MCM-41 composite

Highly ordered mesoporous material MCM-41 was synthesized from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as Si source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template. Well-dispersed NiO nanoparticles were introduced into the highly ordered mesoporous MCM-41 by chemical precipitation method to prepare the highly ordered mesoporous NiO/MCM-41 composite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement were used to examine the morphology and the microstructure of the obtained composite. The morphological study clearly revealed that the synthesized NiO/MCM-41 composite has a highly ordered mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 435.9 m² g⁻¹. A possible formation mechanism is preliminary proposed for the formation of the nanostructure. The adsorption performance of NiO/MCM-41 composite as an adsorbent was further demonstrated in the removal azo dyes of methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB) and rhodaming B (RB) under visible light irradiation and dark, respectively. The kinetics and mechanism of removal methylene blue were studied. The results show that NiO/MCM-41 composite has a good removal capacity for organic pollutant MB from the wastewater under the room temperature. Compared with MCM-41 and NiO nanoparticles, 54.2% and 100% higher removal rate were obtained by the NiO/MCM-41 composite.     

Dielectric response of water confined in metal–organic frameworks

Dielectric response of water confined in metal–organic frameworks was investigated in broad temperature range from 140 to 410 K and from 20 Hz to 1 MHz using a capacitance bridge. Several dispersion regions of characteristic shape were found, caused by freezing–melting of adsorbed water molecules, which disappear after a prolonged heating at 410 K. Temperature dependencies of relaxation time of confined water molecules were obtained and are compared to those of water confined in MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves.     

CO2 adsorption and reaction on Fe(111): An angle resolved photoemission (ARUPS) study

Molecular CO₂ adsorption is observed on an Fe(111) surface at 85 K. For the main fraction of molecules the relative binding energies of the valence ion states as determined by ARUPS are consistent with those in the gas as well as in the condensed phase, and indicate that the electronic structure of that fraction of adsorbed molecules is only slightly distorted upon adsorption. There is a fraction of adsorbed molecules at 85 K that can be identified as bent, anionic CO₂⁻ species. While the weakly adsorbed, linear CO₂ molecules desorb at low temperature, the CO₂⁻ species is stable up to 160–180 K. The latter is proposed to be a precursor to dissociation. Above this temperature adsorbed carbon monoxide and oxygen are observed on the surface, and at room temperature the CO₂⁻ signals have disappeared. Heating above room temperature dissociates the CO molecules into carbon and oxygen.     

Temperature and hydration dependence of proton MAS NMR spectra in MCM-41: Model based on motion induced chemical shift averaging

The proton MAS NMR spectra in MCM-41 at low hydration levels (less than hydration amounting to one water molecule per surface hydroxyl group) show complex proton resonance peak structures, with hydroxyl proton resonances seen in dry MCM-41 disappearing as water is introduced into the pores and new peaks appearing, representing water and hydrated silanol groups. Surface hydroxyl group–water molecule chemical exchange and chemical shift averaging brought about by a water molecule visiting different surface hydrogen bonding sites have been proposed as possible causes for the observed spectral changes. In this report a simple model based on chemical shift averaging, due to the making and breaking of hydrogen bonds as water molecules move on the MCM-41 surface, is shown to fully reproduce the NMR spectra, both as a function of hydration and temperature. Surface proton–water proton chemical exchange is not required in this model at low hydration levels.