小波变换在心磁信号处理中的应用

噪声的消除一直是微弱信号检测和处理中尤为重要的一个环节.从小波变换的角度出发，利用了小波变换在时、频两域都具有表征信号局部特征的能力，对心磁信号这种典型的微弱信号进行了消噪处理.实验中的心磁数据是单通道高温超导量子干涉磁强计测得.理论分析和实验结果表明，这种方法能有效地提高输出信噪比，同时也适合于其他非平稳信号的消噪. 关键词： 小波变换 心磁 消噪     

互补型自适应滤波器在心磁信号处理中的应用

将心磁信号从干扰噪声中加以提取并有效地消除噪声干扰是心磁信号处理中尤为重要的环节 .从改进算法的角度出发，提出互补型自适应滤波器结构以实现心磁信号的消噪处理.该滤波器针对心磁这类非平稳信号进行设计，有效地解决了常规自适应滤波器应用于心磁信号处理时收敛速度和稳态误差的矛盾.通过仿真实验和心磁实验结果表明，该算法能有效地消除心磁信号的背景噪声和工频干扰噪声.同时该算法也可用于其他非平稳信号的消噪处理. 关键词： 自适应滤波 心磁图 最小均方误差     

基于提升小波变换的矿物油荧光光谱去噪研究

矿物油的使用是造成雾霾等空气污染问题的重要原因。矿物油荧光光谱检测系统光谱消噪处理的有效性和快速性是在线实时监测系统的热点问题。研究应用提升算法小波变换(LWT)矿物油荧光光谱去噪的方法。与传统的离散小波变换(DWT)相比,提升小波变换将现有的小波滤波器分解成基本的构造模块,分步骤完成变换,结构简单,运算速度快。在矿物油荧光光谱去噪过程中具有运算量低、原位运算和便于实现的特点,有效解决了传统小波变换在这方面的不足。提升算法的小波变换、传统离散小波变换和经验模态变换(EMD)分别运用到0#柴油、97#汽油、煤油三种矿物油的荧光光谱去噪中,评价去噪效果指标的信噪比(SNR)、重构均方根误差(RMSE)和波形相似度(NCC)证明了提升方法小波变换用于矿物油荧光光谱去噪的有效性。同时,提升算法变换能提高构造的灵活性和运算的简单性使消噪时间降低62%,证明了提升算法的小波变换运用到矿物油荧光光谱去噪中的快速性,适于矿物油实时消噪处理系统。     

脉冲星信号的经验模态分解模态单元比例萎缩消噪算法

针对脉冲星信号的消噪问题, 提出了一种基于模态单元比例萎缩的经验模态分解(EMD)消噪方法. 利用经验模态分解将含噪脉冲星信号分解为一组内蕴模态函数(IMF), 将IMF中两个过零点间的部分定义为模态单元, 以模态单元为基本单位构造最优比例萎缩因子, 对IMF中的每个模态单元进行比例萎缩去噪, 进而建立基于模态单元比例萎缩的脉冲星信号滤波模型.对含噪脉冲星信号进行了消噪实验分析, 实验结果表明, 与小波硬阈值消噪法、比例萎缩小波消噪法和基于模态单元阈值的EMD消噪法相比, 该方法可以更有效地去除脉冲星信号中的噪声, 同时更好地保留了原信号中的有用细节信息. 关键词： 经验模态分解 脉冲星信号 模态单元比例萎缩 消噪     

近红外光谱预处理中几种小波消噪方法的分析

以菜籽油的一阶导数近红外光谱为研究对象,探讨小波变换在近红外光谱信号消噪方面的应用,分别采用九点平滑法、小波分解与重构法、非线性小波软阈值法和小波变换模极大值法对导数光谱进行消噪处理并对消噪效果进行比较分析。结果表明,小波变换模极大值光谱消噪法得到了较高的信噪比,小波软阈值法次之,其余两种方法消噪效果较差。小波变换模极大值法有效的保留了光谱的有用信息,为近红外光谱的分析精度和模型的稳健性奠定了良好的基础。     

小波包变换潜变量回归同时测定钐和钇

采用小波包变换潜变量回归(WPLVR)方法,同时测定了钐和钇。该法结合小波包变换和潜变量回归改进了除噪质量。信号的小波包表述提供了一个局部时频描述, 因此在小波域, 除噪质量可以改善。潜变量是把小波包处理过的信号投影到正交基本征矢量上获得。潜变量可由原始变量的线性组合来表示。使用该法, 人们可从没有选择性的全光谱数据中获得极有选择性的信息。通过最佳化,选择了小波函数及小波包分解水平(L)。编制了两个程序(PWPLVR)和(PFTLVR)执行WPLVR和傅里叶变换潜变量回归(FTLVR)法计算。试验结果表明两种方法都是成功的,且WPLVR法更优于FTLVR法。     

结点阈值小波包变换图像去噪新算法

小波包变换是小波变换的推广,可视为普通小波函数的线性组合,具有灵活的时频分析能力,随着分解层数的增加,小波包分解能够在所有的频率范围聚焦。提出一种应用结点阈值小波包变换的新型图像去噪算法。利用小波包变换对含噪图像进行分解,在图像信号的子带层次上进行结点阈值操作,采用软阈值的方法进行阈值处理,结点噪声采用谱熵法估计,并使用峰值信噪比评估去噪后的图像质量。实验结果表明,相比于使用其它阈值方法的小波包图像去噪算法,该算法具有更好的图像去噪性能。     

改进的小波阈值消噪法在湍流信号处理中的应用

湍流数据采集中有用信号往往不同程度地受到干扰噪声的污染,小波阈值消噪法一定程度上能将有用信号的高频成分和噪声区分开,将其应用于湍流信号消噪是相对合理的.针对现有小波阈值消噪法的不足,提出了一种改进的阈值函数和基于小波能量熵的阈值自适应选取方法.仿真实验表明,新方法具备连续性好、偏差小、自适应阈值选取等优点,不但可以实现高信噪比信号的合理消噪,而且能有效检测出强噪声干扰下的微弱有用信号.以两组实测湍流信号的消噪处理为例,考察了新方法在湍流信号处理中的消噪效果.结果表明,该方法能为湍流信号的后处理提供可靠的数据.     

小波变换和连续投影算法在火龙果总酸无损检测中的应用

应用可见/近红外光谱技术、小波变换(WT)和连续投影算法(SPA),对火龙果总酸含量(TA)进行精确、快速的无损检测,为火龙果内部品质无损检测提供科学依据。利用Maya2000光纤光谱仪采集380～1 099 nm范围的火龙果漫反射光谱数据,通过WT消噪、SPA优选波长和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)分析方法,建立了火龙果总酸的定量预测模型。试验结果表明：经过WT消噪联合SPA优选波长压缩光谱变量后建立的WT-SPA-PLSR模型,预测精度都高于全谱PLSR模型。由全部样本的原始光谱变量作为输入变量建立PLSR模型的预测相关系数(R_p)为0.851 394, 预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.086 848;全部样本的原始光谱数据使用dbN(N=2,3,…,10)小波进行分解消噪,其中消噪效果最优的是db4小波2层分解(db4-2),WT-PLSR模型的R_p为0.915 635,RMSEP为0.066 752,小波变换消噪后的光谱预测模型精度明显提高;原始光谱经过db10-3小波消噪联合SPA算法,从570个光谱变量中优选出530,545,604,626,648,676,685,695,730,897,972,1 016 nm共12个变量作为输入变量,建立WT-SPA-PLSR预测模型,模型的R_P为0.882 83, RMSEP为0.077 39。SPA算法适合火龙果TA模型的光谱变量选择,能够有效提取与总酸相关度高的波长变量,增加了预测模型的精度和稳定性。研究结果表明小波变换技术联合连续投影算法的漫反射近红外光谱无损检测火龙果总酸含量具有可行性。     

基于小波包变换和数学形态学结合的光谱去噪方法研究

对反射光谱数据进行去噪是提高光谱信息准确度的前提。传统时域平滑和频域去噪方法存在诸多缺点,本文首次将广义形态滤波方法用于可见近红外光谱的去噪处理,并提出基于小波包变换和数学形态学结合的光谱去噪方法。使用USGS光谱库中的植被光谱进行实验,采用信噪比(SNR)、均方误差根(RMSE)、波形相似度(NCC)和平滑度(SR)四个指标来评估去噪效果。结果表明,小波包最佳基阈值法和广义形态滤波法都能较好地保持波形和平滑度,广义形态滤波法能较好地消除幅值较大的随机噪声,但其对连续随机噪声中幅值较小的噪声成分不能有效消除; 而小波包最佳基阈值法不能有效消除幅值较大的噪声成分; 二者结合的方法组合了这两者的优点,使得幅值较大、较小的噪声成分都能较好地消除,同时还提高了相似度和平滑度指标,充分表明小波包最佳基阈值与广义形态滤波结合的方法是一种更好的可见光近红外光谱去噪方法。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.