水溶性高分子梯度溶液吸声机理的研究

研究了水溶性高分子涂料在其溶解过程中的吸声机理。合成了水溶性高分子涂料,并在声管中测试其溶解过程中声衰减性能。实验结果表明水溶性高分子涂料溶解过程中形成的高分子梯度溶液的声衰减效果明显优于(即大于)相应的均匀溶液。根据连续分层介质中声波传播理论建立了计算水溶性高分子溶解过程中声衰减的数学模型。计算结果与实验结果一致。由实验和理论分析结果得出了水溶性高分子涂料在其溶解过程中的梯度吸声机理,即多次反射、多次吸收,最终将声能转化为热能。     

液晶N相→S_A相相变点附近的反常声衰减

本文考虑在N→S_A相变中,当T→T_c~ (相交点)时,声在液晶中传播引起的压力效应。使用模-模耦合方法计算了声的衰减和色散,得到在高频区间,声的衰减有反常发散行为,在低频极限声衰减的临界指数为2.5.当T→T_c~ 时,本文的理论曲线大体上与实验结果相一致。     

微流芯片中消逝波激励的荧光辐射特性研究

将石英裸光纤植入聚二甲基硅氧烷基片的微流道中,采用沿光纤轴向光抽运、消逝场激励染料分子的方式,在基片微流道中获得均匀的荧光辐射.实验发现,荧光辐射的强度随光纤轴向距离的增加而衰减,光纤包层溶液折射率越大,荧光沿光纤轴向的衰减越突出;包层溶液中染料浓度越大,荧光沿光纤轴向的衰减也越突出;通过选择适当的包层溶液折射率以及染料浓度可以获得沿光纤轴向接近均匀的荧光辐射.用消逝波激励荧光的辐射理论计算了荧光光强沿光纤轴向的变化,计算结果与实验符合较好.在此基础上,设计并制作了一种具有三个通道的聚二甲基硅氧烷基片,通过在三个微流道中分别注入染料浓度均为0.1 mmol的罗丹明640、罗丹明B及罗丹明6 G的乙醇染料溶液,采用沿光纤轴向消逝波光激励方式,在一块聚二甲基硅氧烷基片上同时实现了三个不同波段的荧光辐射.     

声波多次往返叠加对相位比较法测量声速的影响

相位比较法测量声速实验中,由于声波在传输过程中存在衰减、反射以及在收、发换能器之间多次反射叠加,当收、发换能器间距较小时,发射信号和接收信号合成的李萨如图形变化规律与理论不一致,即,接收器移动1个波长的距离,示波器中观察到合成直线段在同相和反相区域分别连续出现多次,该现象影响了学生对实验现象的判断和实验测量.本文通过理论计算分析,声波在收、发换能器之间的多次往复反射叠加次数增加,声波传输衰减小和换能器表面反射系数大会增大该现象产生的强度和持续的空间范围,理论计算直观地说明了接收器接收的声压信号与空气振动信号之间的关系和利用相位比较法测量声速的合理性.     

超声法测量高浓度矿浆两相流粒径分布和浓度

研究了超声衰减谱法和超声多次回波反射法测量高浓度矿浆两相体系粒径分布和浓度。实验测量了多个浓度下硫矿浆在3～6 MHz频率下的声衰减谱,结合反演算法由实验数据计算得到矿浆两相流粒径分布。同时测量了不同浓度下硫矿的声阻抗值,由超声多次回波反射法计算得到浓度。粒径分布与浓度测量得到的结果与标准配置值较为吻合,表明超声法适用于高浓度矿浆两相流粒径分布和浓度的在线检测。     

压电光声技术检测非均匀材料热物性的理论研究

利用压电光声技术研究了测量非均匀材料性能的理论和实验方法,通过两种基本的数学变换,得到了非均匀材料和相邻介质的温度场的表达式,进而在非均匀材料的热扩散率按指数规律变化的前提下,得到了非均匀材料温度场的解析表达式。根据压电光声检测理论,得到了非均匀材料的压电信号的解析式,这样即可通过压电光声检测系统,在不同的频率下测得非均匀材料的光声信号,通过最小二乘法的非线性拟合,确定出非均匀材料热扩散率的分布。该方法具有计算量小、实验简单等特点,并给出了有关的理论模拟和实验结果,验证了理论的正确性。     

液晶N相→SA相相变点附近的反常声衰减

本文考虑在N→S_A相变中,当T→T_c⁺(相交点)时,声在液晶中传播引起的压力效应。使用模-模耦合方法计算了声的衰减和色散,得到在高频区间,声的衰减有反常发散行为,在低频极限声衰减的临界指数为2.5.当T→T_c⁺时,本文的理论曲线大体上与实验结果相一致。     

低频无规入射商场通过矩形板入射到闭空间的隔商量──Ⅱ．实验部分

前文［３］从理论上计算了低频扩散声场通过一块矩形薄板入射到矩形闭空间的噪声衰减量，本文是实验部分。实验是在混响声场中做的。一个矩形薄铝板和长方体混凝土闭空间构成板／闭空间耦合系统，在混响室中对其在单频和一定带宽的白噪声激励下的声传入噪声衰减量进行了测量。并和前述理论的计算结果进行了比较。理论和实验结果相符合。     

水下环形凹槽圆柱体散射声场空间指向性调控

本文提出一种具有深度梯度的环形凹槽结构,可用于调控水中有限长刚性圆柱体散射声场空间指向性.基于声学相位阵列理论分析了环形凹槽圆柱声散射空间指向性改变的机理,研究表明:凹槽深度方向相位延迟和凹槽间Bragg散射的相互作用使得平面声波垂直于圆柱方向入射其正横方向散射声波发生偏转.采用有限元方法讨论了凹槽结构参数如占空比、梯度等对圆柱散射声场空间分布特征的影响规律.多个不同深度梯度环形凹槽单元组合圆柱体散射声场数值计算和实验结果显示:具有环形凹槽结构圆柱体正横方向散射声波均匀偏转到预定的空间范围内,使得圆柱体声散射场空间指向性均衡化,改变了圆柱整体的散射特征,这为水下目标声隐身设计和声波定向传播提供了新的方法.     

磁流变液构成的类梯度结构振动传递特性

提出了一种磁流变液构成的类梯度结构,并通过理论建模、数值计算和实验研究了该结构的振动传递特性.磁流变液在磁场作用下具有液固转换的特殊理化性质,而液固转换过程就是磁流变液的振动传递阻抗变化过程.因此,基于磁流变液的这一特性,通过控制磁场,构建了类梯度结构.基于弹性波传递的一维波动方程,建立了垂直入射的弹性波在类梯度结构中传递的波动方程.然后,使用连续介质的离散化方法和传递矩阵法进行求解,得到振级落差的表达式,对其进行数值计算,分析类梯度结构的振级落差随弹性波频率和磁场强度的变化趋势.最后,对类梯度结构的振动传递特性进行了实验研究,分析了磁场强度对类梯度结构振动传递特性的影响.研究结果表明,与均匀场作用的磁流变液相比,类梯度结构对弹性波的衰减效果更好,且该结构具备良好的可调控特性.     

分层吸声结构的声学设计与性能分析

本文给出了声波在多层介质中的传播方程，通过数值计算，分析了各层参数对分层吸声结构声学性能的影响规律。用参数匹配方法，对多层吸声结构各层材料的参数进行设计。结果表明，通过合理分布各层材料，多层吸声结构可以在较宽频段上达到满意的吸声性能。     

Sound field prediction in long enclosures with branches: A combined method

The propagation of sound in long enclosures with branches has been studied theoretically and experimentally, and an efficient combined method is proposed to predict the sound field in long enclosures with branches. Based on the wave-acoustics theory, the theoretical analysis of the sound field of the long enclosures with branches is performed. This paper also investigated the sound field prediction of long enclosures with branches, by using the acoustic modeling program, ODEON. The results obtained by the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation ODEON are compared with the experimental measurements, and the characteristics of the two methods for predicting the sound field of long enclosures with branches are analyzed. Compared with the experimental results, it is found that: (1) the results predicted by the theoretical analysis fluctuate relatively large with respect to the source-receiver distance, and the sound pressure level (SPL) attenuation obtained is smaller than that measured; and (2) the results predicted by the numerical simulation is smoother, and the calculated SPL attenuation is larger than that measured. To effectively predict the sound field of long enclosures with branches, a combined numerical method is thus proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed combined method is demonstrated by the scale-model experiments.     

除垢超声波传播影响因素的理论研究

从一维平面波理论入手分析了超声波声压分布特性。依据多普勒频移原理,在声场的运动方程,连续性方程,波动方程的基础上,建立一个超声波在流动的液体中传播的控制方程。根据轴对称模型的实际特点,简化了所得方程,并求出解析解。结果表明流动液体可以产生声波的衰减。液体的黏滞性是产生超声波衰减的重要原因。超声波的频率较高,液体的黏滞性对超声波衰减影响明显。依据黏滞力与速度梯度的关系,建立一个超声波在黏滞液体传播的控制方程,并依据边界条件求出解析解,反映了媒质黏滞性对超声波传播尤其是衰减特性的影响。     

沉积物中声速和衰减系数的宽带测量方法

海底沉积物作为海洋波导声传播的下边界普遍存在于大洋中,获知其特性对于准确的声传播和混响建模是十分必要的。为了能够快速而准确地测量沉积物中的声速和衰减系数,提出一种基于脉冲压缩技术的测量方法,对接收信号进行压缩来提取透射波,根据不同厚度样品的透射波来计算沉积物中的声速和衰减系数。该方法不仅可以克服实验过程中经常遇到的多途干扰,而且测量过程简单,可以同时获得测量频带内所有频点的声速和衰减系数,即实现了对声速和衰减系数的宽带测量。在实验室环境条件下,90~170kHz的测量频带内,测得沙样品中的声速为1710~1713m/s,衰减系数在56~70dB/m之间。通过窄带和宽带测量结果的比较可以看出,声速的宽带测量结果与窄带测量结果吻合得较好,而衰减系数在频带后半部分存在较大的起伏。      

基于声光效应的光束偏转控制理论研究

基于参量互作用观点及声光互作用原理,构建了入射光为高斯光并且存在声波吸收情况下的声光偏转器模型.基于此模型研究了超声波频率、声波功率和光束入射角对衍射光的影响.对比了有声波吸收和无声波吸收两种情况下上述三个参量对衍射光产生的不同影响.计算结果表明,同无声光吸收时相比,当存在声波吸收时,偏转器的衍射效率将减小,导致衍射波形畸变,光强峰值位置发生偏移.     

Theoretical and phantom based investigation of the impact of sound speed and backscatter variations on attenuation slope estimation

Quantitative ultrasound features such as the attenuation slope, sound speed and scatterer size, have been utilized to evaluate pathological variations in soft tissues such as the liver and breast. However, the impact of variations in the sound speed and backscatter due to underlying fat content or fibrotic changes, on the attenuation slope has not been addressed. Both numerical and acoustically uniform tissue-mimicking experimental phantoms are used to demonstrate the impact of sound speed variations on attenuation slope using clinical real-time ultrasound scanners equipped with linear array transducers. Radiofrequency data at center frequencies of 4 and 5 MHz are acquired for the experimental and numerical phantoms respectively. Numerical phantom sound speeds between 1480 and 1600 m/s in increments of 20 m/s for attenuation coefficients of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 dB/cm/MHz are simulated. Variations in the attenuation slope when the backscatter intensity of the sample is equal, 3 dB higher, and 3 dB lower than the reference is also evaluated. The sound speed for the experimental tissue-mimicking phantoms were 1500, 1540, 1560 and 1580 m/s respectively, with an attenuation coefficient of 0.5 dB/cm/MHz. Radiofrequency data is processed using three different attenuation estimation algorithms, i.e. the reference phantom, centroid downshift, and a hybrid method. In both numerical and experimental phantoms our results indicate a bias in attenuation slope estimates when the reference phantom sound speed is higher (overestimation) or lower (underestimation) than that of the sample. This bias is introduced via a small spectral shift in the normalized power spectra of the reference and sample with different sound speeds. The hybrid method provides the best estimation performance, especially for sample attenuation coefficient values lower than that of the reference phantom. The performance of all the methods deteriorates when the attenuation coefficient of the reference phantom is lower than that of the sample. In addition, the hybrid method is the least sensitive to sample backscatter intensity variations.     

Sound insulation of double frame partitions with an internal gypsum board layer

To avoid the undesirable effects of a faulty sealing of outlet boxes, it is common to insert a gypsum board layer in the middle of a double frame partition. In this paper, measured sound reduction index data for double frame partitions, with and without a gypsum board layer insert, are presented. The results obtained show that the sound insulation decreases at low frequencies due to the presence of the internal layer. The weighted sound reduction index, which is strongly affected by the low frequency sound insulation, decreases by 7-8 dB. Since these degradations are greater than those resulting from small gaps in partitions, it can be concluded that the insertion of a gypsum board layer in the middle of a double frame partition is not a suitable solution to the undesirable effects of faulty sealing of outlet boxes.     

Enhancing micro-perforated panel attenuation by partitioning the adjoining cavity

The sound attenuation performance of micro-perforated panels (MPP) with adjoining air cavity is investigated for a plenum. The sound field inside of a plenum is compared for two cases. In the first case, the plenum is treated with an MPP and adjoining air cavity without any partitioning. For the second case, the adjoining air cavity is partitioned into a number of sub-cavities. The resulting sound pressure fields indicate that partitioning the adjoining air cavity increases the overall sound attenuation due to the MPP by approximately 4 dB. The explanation for this phenomenon was investigated by measuring the sound pressure level on planes in front of the MPP. Additionally, boundary element analyses were conducted to simulate the effect of the MPP and adjoining cavity with and without partitioning on the sound field in the plenum. It was demonstrated that a MPP can be modeled as a transfer impedance and that partitioning the adjoining cavity enhances attenuation to acoustic modes that propagate transverse to the MPP.