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阐述了单光子计数实验中采用脉冲幅度甄别器和光子计数器测量光子数的实验原理,绘制了不同光照时间下的实验曲线,讨论了可能影响实验测量精度及产生误差的原因. 相似文献
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针对硅单光子雪崩探测器探测效率高准确度测量的需要,建立了一套溯源至标准探测器的硅单光子探测器探测效率测量装置。首先通过大动态范围高精度衰减产生光子数已知的准单光子源来校准探测器的探测效率,其次对影响探测效率测量的后脉冲概率和死时间进行了分析与测量,最后系统分析了各测量不确定度的来源,实现了硅单光子雪崩探测器在632.8nm波长处探测效率测量不确定度达到0.6%(k=2)。该装置采用超连续谱光源与单色仪组合输出单色光源,结合标准探测器,可根据需要实现硅单光子雪崩探测器宽波段内的探测效率自动化测量。 相似文献
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报道了一种基于硅光电信增管(SiPM)的时间相关多光子计数(TCMPC)技术并将其应用于时间分辨拉曼散射测量。相比于常规基于光电倍增管(PMT)或单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)的时间相关单光子(TCSPC)技术,由于SiPM可以分辨信号脉冲的具体光子数,基于SiPM的TCMPC技术消除了信号脉冲包含的光子数必须小于等于1的限制,光子计数效率提高了10倍以上,大大节省了测量时间。此外,多光子测量比单光子测量能够得到更好的时间分辨率,时间分辨拉曼散射系统的仪器响应函数(IRF)从单光子81.4 ps缩短至双光子59.7 ps,因而可以用更窄的时间门限抑制荧光本底等噪声对拉曼散射测量的影响。使用TCMPC技术测量CCl4在0.5和1.5 p.e.两个不同光子数阈值的拉曼峰的峰本比,后者较高的光子数阈值能进一步降低SiPM暗计数噪声的影响,增加了拉曼信号测量的信噪比,测量得到的CCl4 459 cm-1拉曼峰的峰本比是前者的6.4倍。将所述新的拉曼散射测量技术与基于PMT和锁相放大器(LIA)的传统拉曼散射测量技术进行了比较研究,前者由于可以使用仅有数十皮秒的测量门限,可以有效抑制荧光、环境杂散光和SiPM暗计数等噪声的影响,所得光谱具有更好的峰本比,测得CCl4的459 cm-1拉曼峰和Si的一阶拉曼峰的峰本比分别是后者的3.9倍和5.5倍。 相似文献
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单光子探测激光测距是实现远距离高精度测距的一种重要方法。由于白天的背景噪声约为夜晚的100万倍,传统的单光子探测器白天极易饱和甚至损坏,单光子探测激光测距在白光背景噪声环境中非常难识别微弱的回波信号。本文发展了一种基于FP标准具滤光的单光子探测激光测距装置,采用532 nm窄带干涉滤光片和线宽为10 pm的FP标准具进行二级滤光,并且通过压电旋转台驱动FP标准具,使其中心波长与激光波长锁定,保持最大的透过率。该测距装置有效地降低了白光背景噪声,采用PMT单光子探测器,在532 nm波段实现了白天单光子探测激光测距。在实验中,阳光照度为1.1×10~4 lx时,背景光噪声计数被抑制到900 kcps,探测距离为1.4 km时,信噪比可达16 dB。 相似文献
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基于一种特殊的控制非门,实现多光子偏振态与单光子空间高维态之间的相互变换,使得对多光子偏振态的操作可以通过对单光子的操作来完成,由此可以实现任意多光子正定算符值测量和多光子任意幺正操作.这种实现方式是以一定概率完成的,但其效率要优于此前的方案,在目前的实验条件下是可行的.
关键词:
单光子空间态
特殊控制非门
线性光学多端口干涉仪 相似文献
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对目前的腔QED系统实现强耦合的条件进行了讨论.主要内容包括:获得强耦合的一般条件,我们目前的可能达到的最好结果分析:不同腔组合可能达到的参数,与量子点、光子晶体、纳米腔以及微球腔QED的比较;单原子(单光子)测量的基本过程:单原子辐射的基本特点,非经典性的测量,包括差拍测量,光子统计特性的分析.不同单光子量子态(或多光子量子态)在采用HBT实验测量中的修正等问题.对热光和相干光的初步实验对比证实了理论模型.原子操控的进展:铯原子光学偶极俘获,最近的实验结果,利用CCD荧光探测对偶极阱的测量结果. 相似文献
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Mingwei Huang Zijing Zhang Jiaheng Xie Jiahuan Li Yuan Zhao 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,23(11)
Photon counting lidar for long-range detection faces the problem of declining ranging performance caused by background noise. Current anti-noise methods are not robust enough in the case of weak signal and strong background noise, resulting in poor ranging error. In this work, based on the characteristics of the uncertainty of echo signal and noise in photon counting lidar, an entropy-based anti-noise method is proposed to reduce the ranging error under high background noise. Firstly, the photon counting entropy, which is considered as the feature to distinguish signal from noise, is defined to quantify the uncertainty of fluctuation among photon events responding to the Geiger mode avalanche photodiode. Then, the photon counting entropy is combined with a windowing operation to enhance the difference between signal and noise, so as to mitigate the effect of background noise and estimate the time of flight of the laser pulses. Simulation and experimental analysis show that the proposed method improves the anti-noise performance well, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively mitigates the effect of background noise to reduce ranging error despite high background noise. 相似文献
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Xiaobo Wang Guofeng Zhang Ruiyun Chen Yan Gao Liantuan Xiao Suotang Jia 《Optics & Laser Technology》2012,44(6):1773-1775
The detection efficiency considerations are often the true determining factor as to whether a sensitive measurement is feasible. We demonstrate a robust method of single photons lock-in to enhance the detection efficiency of InGaAs single-photon avalanche diodes at 1.55-μm wavelength and suppressing background noise. With the optimal threshold for discrimination, the detection efficiency is achieved to 1.87 times bigger than that of the conventional photon counting method. 相似文献
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We analyze photon-noise effects on target detection performance in low-flux coherent active imagery systems. We show that when photon noise is expected, the performance of classical detection techniques designed for pure and fully developed speckle images can be improved with no increase in algorithm complexity. Furthermore, the mean photon number under which photon noise becomes sensitive is higher when the target and background mean values are unknown than in the idealized case, where they are assumed to be known, and when the reflectivity ratio between the target and the background is low. 相似文献
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构建了具有单光子成像能力的光子成像系统,提出应用管道滤波方法实现对光子受限静止点目标的探测。分析了光子图像静止点目标与点状噪声特征,根据静止点目标在序列图像中位置的确定性以及噪声点的不相关性,研究了基于管道滤波的光子成像静止点目标探测方法。为降低目标探测的虚警概率,优化了管道滤波直径。以实验采集得到的多组光子图像序列为样本,获得了探测概率、虚警概率与信号光子数、噪声光子数、管道长度以及检测阈值的关系。检测结果显示,对信号与噪声的平均发生率为0.4和5.215的序列图像,当管道长度为9、检测阈值为2时,探测概率达0.9以上且虚警概率〈0.08。对比多组图像序列的检测结果表明,影响探测概率的主要参数是信号光子数,而影响虚警概率的主要参数是噪声光子数。 相似文献
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The quantum fluctuation of photon counting limits the field application of optical time domain reflection. A method of photon counts modulation optics time domain reflection with single photon detection at 1.55 μm is presented. The influence of quantum fluctuation can be effectively controlled by demodulation technology since quantum fluctuation shows a uniform distribution in the frequency domain. Combined with the changing of the integration time of the lock-in amplifier, the signal to noise ratio is significantly enhanced. Accordingly the signal to noise improvement ratio reaches 31.7 dB compared with the direct photon counting measurement. 相似文献
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Accuracy analysis of centroid calculated by a modified center detection algorithm for Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The accuracy of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for measuring the wavefront distortion is mainly dependent upon the measuring accuracy of the centroid of each spot. A modified center detection algorithm, which uses some power from the photon events of each pixel instead of photon events themselves, is analyzed theoretically and the computer simulations are given. The results show that photon noise error and sampling error increases as the power value goes up; and to some powers, the readout noise and background noise error decrease. An experiment is described through which the optimum power can be obtained. 相似文献
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小样本光子图像的统计处理 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
讨论了一种对小样本光子图像的统计处理方法。在超微弱发光的研究中(例如细胞的超微弱荧光),由于发光强度极弱,需要用像增强器对超微弱发光图像进行增强得到可视图像,超微弱发光图像不可避免地受到像增强系统暗噪声及背景噪声的影响,使光子图像湮没在噪声中。为从原始图像中检验出信号,根据信号光子和噪声光子的不同统计分布,运用信号检测与的方法判断光子是否属于信号光子,并得到一简明的判据,由此判据剔除图像中的噪声光子,得到信噪比改善的光子图像。并用此方法处理了人掌的超微弱发光光子图像。 相似文献
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冷CCD(Cool CCD)是生物芯片扫描仪的核心检测器件,其背景噪声直接影响到检测精度。CCD背景噪声可分为光子噪声、热噪声、读出噪声和量化噪声。其中热噪声Hn与读出噪声Rn最为核心,采用拍摄暗场帧的方法对其进行实验研究。实验表明对于某一指定曝光时刻,背景噪声图像各像素的强度可认为符合正态分布,并可将均值与标准方差的估计值即■与■作为其相应正态分布的表征参数。■与■的95%置信区间较小,最大区间长度分别占■与■的0.16%和28.36%。在此基础上讨论了温度、曝光时间对均值与方差的影响。 相似文献